• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.125-137
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was aimed to present the experts' opinions for the successful application of Korean traditional medical practices (KTMPs) to the International Classification of Health Intervention (ICHI). Methods: Two doctors of Korean Medicine and two health information managers who had tried coding 131 KTMPs using ICHI participated in the focus group discussion. The remarks from the discussion were summarized according to the thematic analysis method. Results: The participants expected ICHI to be mainly used for statistics when applied to TKMPs. It can be used for payment systems as well, but it was expected that additional work would be required. They thought the current version of the ICHI did not sufficiently reflect the KMTPs of the real world, and even the interventions already included in the ICHI were not explained enough in the system. They thought it would not be easy to explain more KTMPs within the current structure of the ICHI, but they also said it seemed possible. In the process, rather than adding entirely new stem codes, it would be better to generate new combinations of the existing codes, to suppose subdivided codes, and to utilize the include terms or extension codes. Conclusions: For the successful introduction of ICHI, clarifying the definition of each intervention of KTMPs is a top priority. In addition, it is necessary to continue the matching work of ICHI - KMPTs and also required to make this effort together with the field of traditional medicine and complementary medicine worldwide.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.23-37
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• 2023

Objective : This study systematically reviewed the collaborative team interventions of the Individualized Education Plan (IEP) using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health-Children and Youth (ICF-CY) framework to establish the professional domain of occupational therapists in Korea and their role as experts in IEP cooperative team interventions in special education. Methods : Articles were collected from the EBSCOhost, ProQuest, and PubMed databases. International search terms included "Special education," "Individualized education plan (IEP)," "IEP process," "IEP implementation," and "Occupational therapy." The study period was limited from January 2013 to February 2023, and the final 10 studies were analyzed using secondary classification. Results : Most studies were randomized experiments targeting individuals with autism, and often employed environmental improvements. The IEP collaborative team interventions using the ICF-CY framework emphasized goals related to activity (five studies), participation (four studies), and body structure/function (one study). Conclusion : Occupational therapists play a crucial role in collaborative IEP team interventions. This study established expertise in the context of special education in South Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.19-28
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) Intervention strategy applied International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Tool about strength, range of motion, scapular stability, pain and function of shoulder for patients with adhesive capsulitis. METHODS: The data was collected by patient with adhesive capsulitis. The patient was a 50-year-old male diagnosed with right shoulder with adhesive capsulitis. We applied the PNF Intervention strategy applied ICF Tool to patient with adhesive capsulitis. PNF interventions were consisting of such as combination of isotonic and stabilizing reversal technique and various positions. PNF interventions were applied, such as those aiming at decreasing pain and disability and increasing range of motion and function for the four weeks. Parameters of result were collected for strength, range of motion, scapular stability, pain and function of shoulder using the hand held dynamometer, goniometer, lateral scapula slide test, and shoulder pain and disability index, respectively. RESULTS: Clinical benefits were observed the patient with adhesive capsulitis for strength, range of motion, scapular stability, pain, and function of shoulder. The patient with adhesive capsulitis improved strength, range of motion, scapular stability, pain, and function of shoulder. CONCLUSION: Patient reported improved strength, range of motion, scapular stability, pain, and function of shoulder after intervention.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 2024

Background: Drug-related problems have the potential to threaten patient health, and pharmacists are in a position to prevent such problems through prescription reviews and patient counseling, actively engaging in pharmaceutical care activities. This study aims to categorize and analyze the intervention activities of pharmacists in community pharmacies concerning drug-related problems, following international criteria. Methods: Over a six-month period, prescription interventions completed in a community pharmacy in Seoul were selected as the research subjects. The causes of interventions were classified according to the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) drug-related problems (DRPs) classification system and the types and frequencies of DRPs were identified. Results: Among a total of 49,334 prescriptions, 527 interventions were completed, constituting approximately 1.07% of the daily average filled prescriptions. Individuals over 60 years of age represented more than 50%. The primary cause of DRPs was prescribing and drug selection issues, comprising 256 cases (48.58%), with specific subcategories including 109 cases of drug selection, 79 cases of treatment duration errors, 47 cases of dose selection, and 21 cases of inappropriate dosage form selection. Patient-related issues accounted for 204 cases (38.71%). Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the pharmacists' intervention in community pharmacies contributes to the safe use of medication by patients.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.55-72
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• 2022

Objective : The purpose of this study was to identify the status and trends of Korean child occupational therapy intervention studies according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health, Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY). Methods : In this research, 47 studies on occupational therapy interventions for children that were published between January 2017 and December 2021 in the Journal of Occupational Therapy, registered in the Korea Citation Index, and analyzed the classification of the study type and evidence level to understand the trends. Moreover, intervention objectives and approaches were analyzed on the basis of the ICF-CY. Results : The outcomes of the analysis of the articles published in the Journal of Occupational Therapy were as follows: (1) Level IV was the highest evidence level (53.19%). (2) Among the studies, most (53.7%) included school-age children as subjects. Autism spectrum disorders and developmental delays were the most common diagnoses (14.8%). (3) As for the purpose of intervention according to ICF-CY, activity and participation factors were the most common (48.94%), and a sensory approach was frequently used. Conclusion : This study reviewed articles on occupational therapies for children that were published in the Journal of Occupational Therapy to understand the trends in occupational therapy interventions for children in South Korea. For the development of occupational therapies for children in the future, more qualitative research types and studies on various intervention approaches are needed.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2014

Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify functional problems, including walking ability, of patients with strokes using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) and to present a method that could solve functional problems, thereby determining the applicability of the ICF to increase the quality of evaluation and intervention in clinical fields in the future. Methods: Information on stroke patients who were admitted and treated in a hospital was collected. The authors conducted evaluations, interventions, and measurements of the results of the ICF tool in order to improve gait abilities of patients. The subjects were trained using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) one hour a day and five times a week for four weeks. The result measurement variables were a six-minute gait test, 10 m velocity test, gait instability test, and measurements using the ICF sheet. Results: In the six-minute gait test, gait distance increased by 48 m, from 102 m to 150 m. The gait velocity test result showed an improvement from 0.36m/s to 0.44m/s. The subjects performed a gait instabilitytestwithacupfilledwith50mmwater. In the gait instability test, the amount of water was 38 mm before the intervention; however, it was 50 mm after the intervention. The gait velocity with a cup filled with water improved from 0.25m/s to 0.31m/s. Conclusion: An evaluation and intervention were designed with the ICF tool for stroke patients. Gait abilities improved when the PNF technique was used. The IFC method can be used for evaluation and intervention, and it could help improve gait abilities of stroke patients.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.231-267
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• 2008

Tobacco has become the world's leading cause of deaths and diseases. And !be tobacco use and dependence itself is a kind of diseases, so-called "mental and be-havioural disorders due to use of tobacco" in "International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems(ICD-10)" and "Korean Standard Classification of Diseases". The tobacco use and dependence is a chronic disease that requires repeated clinical interventions and multiple attempts to quit. But effective treatments to the tobacco use and dependence are developed and exist that can significantly increase the rate of long-tenn smoking abstinence. So the physicians should warn smoking patients about the dangers of smoking to the health and the life, and the clinicians ought to provide one of more of the treatments which have been proven effective in helping smokers quit to smoke. It has been concluded that if a doctor failed to provide effective treatment for smokers, and the smokers subsequently died of the smokers-related conditions(tobaccosis) or became incapacitated by the tobaccosis the smokers were considered in the medical malpractice. Thus the smokers could sue the physician for medical malpractice, claiming that the doctor's legal responsibility of appropriate treatments including smoking-cessation which the physician deliberately or negligently breached.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2013

Purpose: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) model was proposed by the World Health Organization for enhancing interdisciplinary communication. The purpose of this study was to examine the functional status of acute stroke patients using ICF core sets-short form. Methods: A set of 15 ICF items on functional status was used by nurses for their daily nursing assessment on functional status in 44 acute stroke patients in a university hospital. Results: The highest level of function was "consciousness", while the lowest was "defecation". Compared with functional status on the first day, consciousness, ingestion, language (mental), and defecation functions were significantly improved on the 14th day. However, there was no significant changes in items on activity and participation or environmental functions. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the function-specific nursing interventions for acute stroke patients need to be developed. Future research needs to test the usefulness of ICF items as an measurement tool.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.107-119
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to extract international classification of functioning, disability, and health (ICF) core sets for measuring functional status in acute stroke patients, and to evaluate clinical applicability of the core sets. Methods: A set of 22 ICF items on functional status in acute stroke patients were extracted from the Korean general ICF core sets and ICF core sets for stroke patients. The extracted ICF functional items were assessed at the time of admission and discharge among 100 stroke patients who were admitted in a university hospital. Results: Comparing to functional status at admission of acute stroke patients, the overall functional status at discharge was improved. However, functions on defecation, skin protection, and relationship with immediate family at the time of discharge were not significantly changed. Conclusion: The set of ICF functional items identified in this study may be reliable and valid to assess acute stoke patients' body functions, activities and participation and environmental factors in the holistic and comprehensive nursing context. Nursing interventions on bowel elimination and skin protection for acute stroke patients need to be developed.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2016

Background: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health-core set (ICF-core set) for children and youth (CY) with cerebral palsy (CP) provides a useful conceptual framework and a guide for health care planning and measuring the changes brought by interventions across a multitude of dimensions from body functions to personal activities, social participation, and environmental factors for them. Objects: This single case study was reported to illustrate the use of a goal directed approach in applying the ICF-core set for CY with CP from a physical therapist perspective. Methods: An eleven year old boy with spastic CP, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level V, and his mother participated in an evaluation of his functioning state. The intervention goal was set through an interview using the ICF-core set, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and Goal Attainment Scale (GAS). Physical therapy was carried out on an outpatient basis using a goal directed approach for 30 min, 1 time/week during 12 weeks and the boy's gross motor function was assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)-66 version (item set 2) before and after the intervention. Results: As measured by the boy's mother, the COPM score showed a meaningful clinical change (performance=mean 3.5, satisfaction=mean 2.5) and the T-score of GAS changed 34.4 after the goal directed approach. The GMFM-66 (item set 2) score changed from 31.8 to 38.7 and evaluation using the ICF-core set displayed improvement in 6 items of activity level between before and after the intervention. Conclusion: The ICF-core set for CY with CP is useful for understanding the overall functioning of CY with this condition and provides an opportunity to share and integrate information and opinions from different disciplines. We consider it as a useful tool in the universal language for the therapy and education of CY with CP.