Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (한국임상약학회지)

Korean College Of Clinical Pharmacy (한국임상약학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluation of Pharmacists' Intervention Activities in Community Pharmacy

지역약국 약사의 처방중재 활동 평가

  • Received : 2024.02.24
  • Accepted : 2024.03.16
  • Published : 2024.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: Drug-related problems have the potential to threaten patient health, and pharmacists are in a position to prevent such problems through prescription reviews and patient counseling, actively engaging in pharmaceutical care activities. This study aims to categorize and analyze the intervention activities of pharmacists in community pharmacies concerning drug-related problems, following international criteria. Methods: Over a six-month period, prescription interventions completed in a community pharmacy in Seoul were selected as the research subjects. The causes of interventions were classified according to the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) drug-related problems (DRPs) classification system and the types and frequencies of DRPs were identified. Results: Among a total of 49,334 prescriptions, 527 interventions were completed, constituting approximately 1.07% of the daily average filled prescriptions. Individuals over 60 years of age represented more than 50%. The primary cause of DRPs was prescribing and drug selection issues, comprising 256 cases (48.58%), with specific subcategories including 109 cases of drug selection, 79 cases of treatment duration errors, 47 cases of dose selection, and 21 cases of inappropriate dosage form selection. Patient-related issues accounted for 204 cases (38.71%). Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the pharmacists' intervention in community pharmacies contributes to the safe use of medication by patients.

Keywords

References

  1. Mossialos E, Courtin E, Naci H, et al. From "retailers" to health care providers: Transforming the role of community pharmacists in chronic disease management. Health Policy 2015;119(5):628-39.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2015.02.007
  2. Dalton K, Byrne S. Role of the pharmacist in reducing healthcare costs: Current insights. Integr Pharm Res Pract 2017;6:37-46.  https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S108047
  3. Lee SY, Cho E. A systematic review of outcomes research in the hospital pharmacists' interventions in south korea. Korean J Clin Pharm 2019;29(3):193-201.  https://doi.org/10.24304/kjcp.2019.29.3.193
  4. Allemann SS, van Mil JF, Botermann L, Berger K, Griese N, Hersberger KE. Pharmaceutical care: The pcne definition 2013. Int J Clin Pharm 2014;36:544-55.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-014-9933-x
  5. Hepler CD, Strand LM. Opportunities and responsibilities in pharmaceutical care. Am J Hosp Pharm 1990;47(3):533-43.  https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/47.3.533
  6. Milosavljevic A, Aspden T, Harrison J. Community pharmacist-led interventions and their impact on patients' medication adherence and other health outcomes: A systematic review. Int J Pharm Pract 2018;26(5):387-97.  https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpp.12462
  7. George PP, Molina JA, Cheah J, Chan SC, Lim BP. The evolving role of the community pharmacist in chronic disease management-a literature review. Ann Acad Med Singap 2010;39(11):861-67.  https://doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.V39N11p861
  8. Chabot I, Moisan J, Gregoire J-P, Milot A. Pharmacist intervention program for control of hypertension. Ann Pharmacother 2003;37(9):1186-193.  https://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1C267
  9. PCNE V9.1. Classification for Drug related problems V9.1. Pharm Care Netw Eur Assoc [Internet]. 2020;V 9.1:1-10. Available from: https://www.pcne.org/upload/files/334_PCNE_classification_V9-0.pdf. Accessed March 22, 2024. 
  10. Saldanha V, Araujo IBd, Lima SIVC, Martins RR, Oliveira AG. Risk factors for drug-related problems in a general hospital: A large prospective cohort. PLoS One 2020;15(5):e0230215. 
  11. Placido AI, Herdeiro MT, Morgado M, Figueiras A, Roque F. Drug-related problems in home-dwelling older adults: A systematic review. Clin Ther 2020;42(4):559-72. e514.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.02.005
  12. Al Hamid A, Ghaleb M, Aljadhey H, Aslanpour Z. A systematic review of hospitalization resulting from medicine-related problems in adult patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2014;78(2):202-17.  https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12293
  13. Lampert ML, Kraehenbuehl S, Hug BL. Drug-related problems: Evaluation of a classification system in the daily practice of a swiss university hospital. Pharm World Sci 2008;30:768-76.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-008-9213-8
  14. Liu H, Zhong Y, Zeng Z, et al. Drug-related problems in hospitalised parkinson's disease patients in china. Eur J Hosp Pharm 20222;29(6):308-12.  https://doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2020-002356
  15. Kyomya J, Atwiine F, Shegena EA, Muhindo R, Yadesa TM. Drug-related problems and associated factors among patients with kidney dysfunction at a tertiary hospital in southwestern uganda: A prospective observational study. BMC Nephrol 2023;24(1):1-11.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-023-03437-2
  16. Hailu BY, Berhe DF, Gudina EK, Gidey K, Getachew M. Drug related problems in admitted geriatric patients: The impact of clinical pharmacist interventions. BMC Geriatr 2020;20(1):1-8.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-1413-7
  17. Kim J-H, Kim E-S, Na H-J, et al. Pharmacist's intervention activities for drug-related problems in a community pharmacy. Yakhak Hoeji 2023;67(2):128-36.  https://doi.org/10.17480/psk.2023.67.2.128
  18. Won CW, Lee S, Kim J, et al. Korean frailty and aging cohort study (kfacs): Cohort profile. BMJ Open 2020;10(4):e035573. 
  19. Viktil KK, Blix HS, Moger TA, Reikvam A. Polypharmacy as commonly defined is an indicator of limited value in the assessment of drug-related problems. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2007;63(2):187-95.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02744.x
  20. Diez R, Cadenas R, Susperregui J, et al. Drug-related problems and polypharmacy in nursing home residents: A cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022;19(7):4313. 
  21. Kim MG, Lee NE, Sohn HS. Gap between patient expectation and perception during pharmacist-patient communication at community pharmacy. Int J Clin Pharm 2020;42:677-84.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-020-01014-3
  22. Sell R, Schaefer M. Prevalence and risk factors of drug-related problems identified in pharmacy-based medication reviews. Int J Clin Pharm 2020;42:588-97.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-020-00976-8
  23. Hugl B, Horlitz M, Fischer K, Kreutz R. Clinical significance of the rivaroxaban-dronedarone interaction: Insights from physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling. Eur Heart J Open 2023;3(1):oead004. 
  24. Wang Y, Sa YJ, Park YK, et al. Suggestions for pharmacists' intervention according to analysis of prescription practices of contraindicated drug-drug interaction. Journal of Korean Society of Health-System Pharmacists 2021;38(3):291-305.  https://doi.org/10.32429/JKSHP.2021.38.3.001
  25. Boriani G, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Hohnloser SH, et al. Safety and efficacy of dronedarone from clinical trials to real-world evidence: Implications for its use in atrial fibrillation. Europace 2019;21(12):1764-75.  https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euz193
  26. Choi HE, Lee JW, Je NK, Jeong KH. Use of sglt2 inhibitor/metformin fixed dose combination in korea. Korean J Clin Pharm 2022;32(1):13-9.  https://doi.org/10.24304/kjcp.2022.32.1.13
  27. Nguyen K, Dersnah GD, Ahlawat R. Famotidine. Statpearls [internet]: StatPearls Publishing, 2022. 
  28. Chang CT, Chan HK, Cheah WK, et al. Development of a malaysian potentially inappropriate prescribing screening tool in older adults (malpip): A delphi study. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023;16(1):122. 
  29. Poyurovsky M, Weizman A. Treatment of antipsychotic-induced akathisia: Role of serotonin 5-ht 2a receptor antagonists. Drugs 2020;80:871-82.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-020-01312-0
  30. Elsey JW, Filmer AI, Galvin HR, et al. Reconsolidation-based treatment for fear of public speaking: A systematic pilot study using propranolol. Transl Psychiatry 2020;10(1):179. 
  31. Huang K-Y, Tseng P-T, Wu Y-C, et al. Do beta-adrenergic blocking agents increase asthma exacerbation? A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sci Rep 2021;11(1):452. 
  32. Koo H, Lee JW, Choi HE, et al. Class duplication prescriptions in patients taking fixed-dose combination antihypertensives. Korean J Clin Pharm 2022;32(2):125-32.  https://doi.org/10.24304/kjcp.2022.32.1.125
  33. Jang H-M, Lee E-K. Impact and barriers of the health insurance review on splitting extended-release formulation drugs. Korean J Clin Pharm 2011;21(4):347-52. 
  34. Shariff ZB, Dahmash DT, Kirby DJ, Missaghi S, Rajabi-Siahboomi A, Maidment ID. Does the formulation of oral solid dosage forms affect acceptance and adherence in older patients? A mixed methods systematic review. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020;21(8):1015-23. e1018.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2020.01.108
  35. Anderson LJ, Nuckols TK, Coles C, et al. A systematic overview of systematic reviews evaluating medication adherence interventions. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2020;77(2):138-47.  https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxz284
  36. Schindler E, Richling I, Rose O. Pharmaceutical care network europe (pcne) drug-related problem classification version 9.00: German translation and validation. Int J Clin Pharm 2021;43:726-30.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-020-01150-w
  37. Garin N, Sole N, Lucas B, et al. Drug related problems in clinical practice: A cross-sectional study on their prevalence, risk factors and associated pharmaceutical interventions. Sci Rep 2021;11(1):883.