• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2012

Clinical and preclinical in vivo immune cell imaging approaches have been used to study immune cell proliferation, apoptosis and interaction at the microscopic (intra-vital imaging) and macroscopic (whole-body imaging) level by use of ex vivo or in vivo labeling method. A series of imaging techniques ranging from non-radiation based techniques such as optical imaging, MRI, and ultrasound to radiation based CT/nuclear imaging can be used for in vivo immune cell tracking. These imaging modalities highlight the intrinsic behavior of different immune cell populations in physiological context. Fluorescent, radioactive or paramagnetic probes can be used in direct labeling protocols to monitor the specific cell population. Reporter genes can also be used for genetic, indirect labeling protocols to track the fate of a given cell subpopulation in vivo. In this review, we summarized several methods dealing with dendritic cell, macrophage, and T lymphocyte specifically labeled for different macroscopic whole-body imaging techniques both for the study of their physiological function and in the context of immunotherapy to exploit imaging-derived information and immune-based treatments.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.669-684
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• 2017

Mediation models are widely used in many fields of research and have recently gained attention in epidemiology. The mediation proportion is a standard measure to evaluate what part of the total exposure effect on an outcome may be explained by a particular mediator and to examine how important that pathway is relative to the overall exposure effect. A common question is how large a sample size is needed to achieve high statistical power or, equivalently, what magnitude of effect can be detected. Current power and sample size calculations for mediation analysis are limited and additional research is needed. We therefore propose a computer-intensive power analysis using the mediation proportion. We conduct simulation studies to calculate statistical powers and sample sizes. And then, we illustrate our power analysis using an example from the Adult Health Study of atomic-bomb survivors and demonstrate that the method is relatively straightforward to understand and compute.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.256-265
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• 1971

An ESR study has been made on free radicals produced in frozen aqueous solutions (ices) of glycine, DL-${\alpha}$-alanine, DL-serine, L-cysteine, DL-leucine and DL-isoleucine by gamma-irradiation at dry ice temperature. All free radicals induced were decayed concomitant to the successive annealing but the radical species which is believed to be dominant seems to be stable even near the melting point of the ice. These dominant species were found to be identical to those resulted from direct action of radiation in the solid at room temperature. Small but significant changes in the spectra of glycine and DL-${\alpha}$-alanine were observed by varying the microwave power. These results seem to support the view that the spectra obtained were composite consisting of more than two different resonances having different power saturation characteristics. The relative contribution of unidentified resonances to the composite spectra was greater for solutions of low concentration. These resonances are assumed to be induced by indirect effects, mainly hydrogen abstraction by radiation produced hydroxyl radicals and also C-N bond cleavage by hydrated electrons.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.222-225
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• 2005

Stimulatory effects of near infra-red (NIR) rays radiation have been studied within the limits of photosynthesis, phototaxis, and photodermatology. While most of these studies have been done by direct NIR radiation, we investigated the effects of the NIR rays-treated materials on microbial growth. NIR in wavelength of 1,400${\~}$1,700 nm was applied for different kind of materials. Under fast growing conditions in rich media, materials treated with the NIR rays or not did not show any differences in growth of microorganisms. However, under slow growing conditions in minimal media, data showed that NIR rays-treated cloths and hygienic bands affect negatively on the growth of bacteria (Salmonella enteritidis) and fungi (Candida albicans). In addition, it was estimated that the effect of NIR rays on bacterial growth is kept going on S. enteritidis.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2011

본 논문은 원자력시설내의 방사성 표면오염을 측정평가하기 위한 표변오염도 시료채취용 자동화 시료채취기 개발에 있다. 시료채취를 위한 간접법은 사람에 의한 수동적인 시료 채취방법으로서 시료를 채취하는 사람에 따라 문지르는 횟수 강도 및 면적이 다르다. 이로 인하여 표면오염도 측정치의 정확도가 저하되고 시료 채취시마다 측정치의 오차가 많이 발생한다. 개발된 장치에 의한 방법은 기존방법에 의한 표면오염도의 측정치보다 smear paper의 방사성 시료가 균일하게 채취됨을 확인하였으며, 향후 표면오염도의 평가시 측정자료의 일관성을 확보하게 되었다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2006

We investigated the effects of 835-MHz electromagnetic field (EMF), one of the most popular communication frequency band in Korean code-division multiple-access (CDMA) mobile phone system, on cellular signal transduction. For this, we examined the change of intracellular calcium $([Ca^{2+}]_i)$, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and F-actin polymerization after exposure to 835-MHz EMF followed by the treatment of agonists in Rat-2 fibroblast cells. Culture cells were pretreated with serum-tree medium and concomitantly exposed to 835-MHz at specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4.0 W/kg for 24 hr in a specialized designed apparatus based on Transverse Electro Magnetics (TEM) wave theory. Intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ responses to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in Rat-2 fibroblast after exposure to 835-MHz EMF were shown to be similar pattern as observed in normal cultured cells. However, the LPA-induced calcium spiking was slightly delayed to 7 sec and sustained thereafter to a little higher ground level under 835-MHz EMF radiation compared to unexposed cells. ROS production level by LPA in the exposed cells was not different from that in control. Furthermore, LPA induced the production of stress fibers with no significant difference in the exposed and unexposed cells. These results suggest that mobile phone radiation (835-MHz, SAR 4.0 W/kg) may not be directly related to signal transduction in Rat-2 fibroblasts except the slight effect of calcium spiking in LPA-induced cells but remain to be further elucidated for possible indirect intervention.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.287-299
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• 2011

Pharmacological effects of Panax ginseng have been demonstrated in cardiovascular system, endocrine secretion and immune system, together with antitumor, anti-stress and anti-oxidant activities. Modern scientific data show protective effect of ginseng against bone marrow cell death, increased survival rate of experimental animals, recovery of hematopoietic injury, immunopotentiation, reduction of damaged intestinal epithelial cells, inhibition of mutagenesis and effective protection against testicular damages, caused by radiation exposure. And also, ginseng acts in indirect fashion to protect radical processes by inhibition of initiation of free radical processes and thus reduces the radiation damages. The research has made much progress, but still insufficient to fully uncover the action mechanism of ginseng components on the molecule level. This review provides the usefulness of natural product, showing no toxic effects, as an radioprotective agent. Furthermore, the further clinical trials on radioprotection of ginseng need to be highly done to clarify its scientific application. The effective components of ginseng has been known as ginsenosides. Considering that each of these ginsenosides has pharmacological effect, it seems likely that non-saponin components might have radioprotective effects superior to those of ginsenosides, suggesting its active ingredients to be non-saponin series. These results also show that the combined effects of saponin and non-saponin components play an important role in the radioprotective effects of ginseng.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2015

Radiation causes various pathophysiological alterations in living animals, and it causes death at high doses by multiple mechanisms, including direct DNA damage and indirect oxidative stress. The search for useful radioprotectors has been an important issue in the field of radiation biology. Ideal radioprotectors should have low toxicity and an extended window of protection. As many synthetic compounds have toxic side effects, the natural products have attracted scientific attention as radioprotectors. Natural products that have been recently shown to be effective with various biological activities were found to have radioprotective effect. The aim of this review is to summary the recent research of the radioprotective effects of natural foods, especially focused on the glycobiological properties of mushrooms.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 별도의 방사선 외부 검출장치 없이 스마트폰 자체의 CMOS 반도체 소자만을 활용하여 의료용 방사선 발생장치에서 발생하는 방사선을 효율적으로 검출하기 위한 최적의 조건과 알고리즘을 개발하는 것이다. 본 연구를 통하여 스마트폰에 내장된 CMOS 반도체 소자에 X-선의 선량을 증가시켜가면서 CMOS 영상 센서에서 반응하는 픽셀의 개수 및 밝기 등을 측정하였다. 스마트폰의 전면 카메라가 후면 카메라보다 노이즈가 적고 X-선과 같은 방사선에 대한 반응 특성이 우수하였다. 섬광결정을 사용한 간접 검출방식에 보다 CMOS 자체에 X-선을 반응시키는 직접 검출방식이 더 적은 선량까지 정확하게 검출이 가능하였다. 또한 X-선에 대한 선량의존성은 역치값을 넘어가는 픽셀의 개수를 계산한 Pixel number에 비해 개별 반응한 픽셀의 밝기까지 이용한 Pixel intensity가 더욱 선형적으로 나타났다. 컬러모델에 의한 실험에서는 스마트폰의 컬러모델인 YUV 컬러모델의 값 중 픽셀의 밝기값의 정보를 가지고 있는 Y값을 활용하면 방사선 검출에 있어 효율적일 것으로 사료된다. 향후 이와 같은 방사선 검출을 위한 최적의 조건들과 효율적 검출 알고리즘들에 대한 추가적인 연구가 진행된다면 방사선 선량의 관리가 효율적이며 체계적으로 이루어 질 수 있기 때문에 국민보건건강에 일조 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 소음진동
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.975-984
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• 1997

A direct boundary element method (DBEM) is developed for thin bodies whose surfaces are rigid or compliant. The Helmholtz integral equation and its normal derivative integral equation are adoped simultaneously to calculate the pressure on both sides of the thin body, instead of the jump values across it, to account for the different surface conditions of each side. Unlike the usual assumption, the normal velocity is assumed to be discontinuous across the thin body. In this approach, only the neutral surface of the thin body has to be discretized. The method is validated by comparison with analytic and/or numerical results for acoustic scattering and radiation from several surface conditions of the thin body; the surfaces are rigid when stationary or vibrating, and part of the interior surface is lined with a sound-absoring material.