• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.288-293
• /
• 2007

The conversion of mitotic chromosome into interphase chromatin consists of at least two separate processes, the decondensation of the mitotic chromosome and the formation of the higher-order structure of interphase chromatin. Previously, we showed that depletion of BAF53 led to the expansion of chromosome territories and decompaction of the chromatin, suggesting that BAF53 plays an essential role in the formation of higher-order chromatin structure. We report here that BAF53 is associated with mitotic chromosomes during mitosis. Immunostaining with two different anti-BAF53 antibodies gave strong signals around the DNA of mitotic preparations of NIH3T3 cells and mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). The immunofluorescent signals were located on the surface of mitotic chromosomes prepared by metaphase spread. BAF53 was also found in the mitotic chromosome fraction of sucrose gradients. Association of BAF53 with mitotic chromosomes would allow its rapid activation on the chromatin upon exit from mitosis.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국표면공학회 2016년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.97-97
• /
• 2016

Development of advanced Li-ion battery cells with high durability is critical for safe operation, especially in applications to electric vehicles and portable electronic devices. Understanding fundamental mechanism on the formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, which plays a substantial role in the electrochemical stability of the Li-ion battery, in a cathode was rarely reported unlike in an anode. Using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations and ab-initio molecular dynamic (AIMD) simulations we demonstrate atomic-level process on the generation of the SEI layer at the interface of a carbonate-based electrolyte and a spinel $LiMn_2O_4$ cathode. To accomplish the object we calculate the energy band alignment between the work function of the cathode and frontier orbitals of the electrolyte. We figure out that a proton abstraction from the carbonate-based electrolyte is a critical step for the initiation of an SEI layer formation. Our results can provide a design concept for stable Li-ion batteries by optimizing electrolytes to form proper SEI layers.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 2020

An efficient wet process approach to modifying natural graphite (NG) electrodes for Li-ion batteries is introduced in this paper. With homogeneous mixing and thermal decomposition of NG with diammonium phosphate ((NH₄)₂HPO₄), phosphorus and nitrogen were successfully incorporated into the surface layer of NG particles. Electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses demonstrated that the surface was well modified by this process. As a result, the treated NG electrodes exhibited much improved electrochemical performance over pristine NG at two different temperatures: 25 ℃ and 50 ℃. Excellent capacity retention of 95.6% was obtained after 100 cycles at 50 ℃. These enhanced properties were confirmed in a morphology analysis on the cross-sections of the NG electrodes after galvanostatic cycling. The improved cycle and thermal stabilities can be attributed to the surface treatment with phosphorus and nitrogen; the treatment formed a stable solid electrolyte interphase layer that performed well when undergoing Li insertion and extraction cycling.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2019

Herein, the effect of counter anions on the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in a propylene carbonate (PC)-based electrolyte solution was investigated. Although the reversible capacities were different, reversible intercalation and de-intercalation of lithium ions occurred in the graphite negative electrode in the PC-based electrolyte solutions containing 1 M $LiClO_4$, $LiPF_6$, $LiBF_4$, and $LiCF_3SO_3$ at low temperature ($-15^{\circ}C$). This indicated that the surface films acted as an effective SEI to suppress further co-intercalation and decomposition reactions at low temperature. However, the SEIs formed at the low temperature were unstable in 1 M $LiPF_6$ and $LiBF_4/PC$ at room temperature ($25^{\circ}C$). On the other hand, increasing reversible capacity was confirmed in the case of $LiCF_3SO_3/PC$ at room temperature, because the SEI formed at the low temperature was still maintained. These results suggest that counter anions are an important factor to consider for the formation of effective SEIs in PC-based electrolyte solutions.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.369-376
• /
• 2023

The quick-charging performance of SiO electrodes is evaluated with a focus on solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)-reinforcing effects. The study reveals that the incorporation of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) into the SiO electrode significantly reduced the electrode fatigue, which is from the the viscoelastic properties of the FEC-derived SEI film. The impact of FEC is attributed to its ability to minimize the mechanical failure of the electrode caused by additional electrolyte decomposition. This beneficial outcome arises from volumetric stain-tolerant characteristics of the FEC-derived SEI film, which limited exposure of the bare SiO surface during 0.5 C-rate cycling. Notably, FEC greatly improves Li deposition during quick-charge cycles following aging at 0.5 C-rate cycling due to its ability to maintain a strong electrical connection between active materials and the current collector, even after extended cycling. Given these findings, we assert that mitigating SEI layer deterioration, which compromises the electrode structure, is vital. Hence, enhancing the interfacial attributes of the SiO electrode becomes crucial for maintaining kinetic efficiency of battery system.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.894-900
• /
• 1998

탄소섬유 복합재료의 층간전단 강도의 손상없이 충격강도를 향상시키기 위하여 반응성을 가진 유연한 고분자 물질 (MVEMA(poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride)) 및 EMA (poly(ethylene-co-maleic anhydride)) 전착을 이용하여 탄소섬유와 에폭시 기지재료 사이에 계면상으로 도입하는 방법을 고려하였다. 따라서 계면상 물질의 MVEMA 및 EMA의 탄소섬유에의 전착수율에 대한 공정변수의 영향을 체계적으로 평가하였다. 염기성 수용액상에서 anhydride기를 가진 고분자의 전착 메카니즘은 -OH기의 공격에 의한 $RCOO^-$기의 생성에 기인함을 적외선 분광분석으로 확인하였다. 농도, 전류밀도, 반응시간의 증가에 따라 전착수율이 증가하였으며, 과도한 산소 버블의 발생은 전착된 고분자를 탈착시켜 수율을 감소시켰다. 흐르는 물에서 세척을 할 경우 탄소섬유와의 결합력이 없는 전착고분자는 쉽게 제거되어 0.5 wt% 정도의 전착 고분자만 잔류하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.126-139
• /
• 1994

본 연구에서는 BETHSY 실험장치에서 수행한 6" 소형 냉각재 상실사고(LOCA) 실험을 최적 열수력 코드인 CATHARE2 V1.2와 RELAP5/MOD3를 이용하여 계산했다. 본 연구의 주 목적은 소형 LOCA시 관심을 가지는 주요 물리현상인 이상 임계유동, 감압과정, 노심수위 감소, loop seal clearing 등에 대한 두 코드의 소형 LOCA 계산모의능력을 평가하는 것이다. 두코드는 이상 유동현상의 전개 경향이나 발생시점을 비교적 잘 예측하는 것으로 나타났고, CATHARE2의 경우가 실험과 더 잘 일치했다. 그렇지만 두 코드는 loop seal clearing 현상, loop seal clearing 발생후의 노심수위, accumulator 유량거동 등의 예측에는 약간의 편차를 보였는데, 편차의 정도는 RELAP5가 CATHARE2보다 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 두 코드의 편차요인을 보다 상세히 분석하기 위하여 계면 마찰력, mesh크기, 파단노즐 junction에서의 방출계수(Discharge coefficient)등에 대하여 민감도분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 CATHARE2의 경우는 계면 마찰력을 증가시킴으로써 감압과정시 일차계통의 질량분포, 즉 증기 발생기 입구 공동(SG inlet plenum)에서의 차압과 Cross√er leg의 차압이 개선되었으며, 증기발생기 외측 열전달계수를 증가시킴으로써 중기발생기의 압력변화를 개선할 수 있었다. RELAP5의 경우는 어떤 하나의 입력변수를 변화시켜서 과도기의 결과를 개선할 수 없었으며 다만, 계면 마찰력 모델링에 여전히 많은 불화실성이 내포되어 있음을 확인했다.확인했다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.223-231
• /
• 2003

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical efficiency of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in the prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal aneuploidy. Methods: We reviewed data of 268 cases to identify women undergoing genetic amniocentesis at cytogenetic laboratory, from January 2000 to December 2002. Amniotic fluid was submitted for both rapid FISH on uncultured interphase amniocytes using a commercially available DNA probe for chromosome 13, 18, 21, X, Y and standard karyotyping on cultured metaphase amniocytes. Results from FISH and full karyotype were compared. Results: There were 251 cases (84%) normal and 17 cases (16%) abnormal in FISH results. All 17 cases of trisomy 13, 18, 21 including two cases of mosaicism and sex chromosome aneuploidies which are detected by FISH were confirmed with conventional cytogenetics and there was no false positive result. Twenty two cases had karyotypically proven abnormalities that could not have been detected by the targeted FISH. Conclusion: Interphase FISH analysis of uncultured amniotic fluid cells has been shown to be an effective and reliable technique for rapid fetal aneuploidy screening during pregnancy as an adjunctive test to conventional cytogenetics.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2011

[ $^7Li$ ]Magic Angle Spinning(MAS) NMR Spectroscopy를 활용하여 $Li_4P_2O_7$와 $LiFePO_4$ 물질에서 $^7Li$ 핵의 NMR 특성 및 화합물 분자내의 국부적 구조 연구를 수행하였다. $Li_4P_2O_7$와 $LiFePO_4$ 물질 연구는 리튬이온전지에서 고체-전해질 경계상(SEI, solid-electrolyte interphase) 물질 연구를 위한 것이다. $Li_4P_2O_7$와 $LiFePO_4$ 분말은 고상합성법으로 제조하였다.$^7Li$MAS NMR 실험은 $27^{\circ}C$에서 $97^{\circ}C$의 영역에서 변온 실험을 수행하였으며 이는 주변 온도 변화 환경에서 $Li_4P_2O_7$ 물질 내의 Li 핵의 구조 변화를 관찰하기 위한 것이다. $^7Li$ MAS NMR 측정 결과 시료 온도가 $27^{\circ}C$에서 $97^{\circ}C$의 온도 분포 영역에서는 $Li_4P_2O_7$ 물질 내부의 Li 핵은 구조적으로 변화하지 않는 것이 확인되었다. 금번 실험을 통하여 $LiFePO_4$ 분말에 5.0 wt%이내로 포함되어있는 $Li_4P_2O_7$ 물질의 $^7Li$ MAS NMR 신호를 측정할 수 있는 측정 조건을 알았다.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.436-444
• /
• 2005

We describe the morphology and molecular organization of heterochromatin domains in the interphase nuclei, and mitotic and meiotic chromosomes, of Brassica rapa, using DAPI staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of rDNA and pericentromere tandem repeats. We have developed a simple method to distinguish the centromeric regions of mitotic metaphase chromosomes by prolonged irradiation with UV light at the DAPI excitation wavelength. Application of this bleached DAPI band (BDB) karyotyping method to the 45S and 5S rDNAs and 176 bp centromere satellite repeats distinguished the 10 B. rapa chromosomes. We further characterized the centromeric repeat sequences in BAC end sequences. These fell into two classes, CentBr1 and CentBr2, occupying the centromeres of eight and two chromosomes, respectively. The centromere satellites encompassed about 30% of the total chromosomes, particularly in the core centromere blocks of all the chromosomes. Interestingly, centromere length was inversely correlated with chromosome length. The morphology and molecular organization of heterochromatin domains in interphase nuclei, and in mitotic and meiotic chromosomes, were further characterized by DAPI staining and FISH of rDNA and CentBr. The DAPI fluorescence of interphase nuclei revealed ten to twenty conspicuous chromocenters, each composed of the heterochromatin of up to four chromosomes and/or nucleolar organizing regions.