• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제3권
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• pp.47-82
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• 1973

In this study, I have tried to examine the movable type font called 'Chwijinja' (聚珍字) as hitherto and the book printed in Chwijinia for the first time. In order to illustrate the orgin of it more clearly, I introduced Bubyeogru-jungsugi(浮碧樓重修記.) which has been believed the first printed edition of this book and also some other books printed in the same movable type font. By the way, I introduced some views of other bibliographers on Chwijinja. I refuted the views that Chwijinja is metal type and then I substantiated it is wooden type. I also presented three hypotheses on the formation of Chwijinja. I described the reason why we had better change the name of that printing type into 'Bang-Chwijin-pansig Pilseoche Wooden Type'(倣聚珍版式筆書木活字) on the basis of that its name is common noun. I also explained about 'Yeonmu Wooden Type'(燕貿木(唐)字, Wooden Type font imported from China) which is relevant to my description.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.613-618
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• 1989

한국산 미곡 통일계 및 일반계 품종들의 미질특성을 구명하기 위하여 1985년에 3개 작물시험장(수원작물시험장, 영남작물시험장 및 호남작물시험장)에서 생산된 통일계 13품종과 일반계 10품종을 재료로 하여 백미의 취반특성 및 밥의 texture 특성을 조사하였다. 취반특성 중 흡수율 및 취반시 사용한 용액 중 용출고형물은 각각 $p<2.172^*$ 및 $p<2.419^*$로 계통간에 유의차를 보였는데 흡수율은 일반계가 통일계보다 높았으며, 용출고형물은 통일계가 일반계보다 높았다. 밥의 texture 특성에서 hardness와 cohesiveness는 $p<4.370^{***}$ 및 $p<2.371^*$로 계통간에 유의성이 인정되었으며, hardness는 일반계가, cohesiveness는 통일계가 높았다. Amylose 함량과 adhesiveness 사이에는 통일계에서 $r=-0.922^{**}$ 일반계에서 $r=-0.915^{**}$으로 역상관을 이루었으며, 단백질 함량과 hardness 사이에는 통일계에서 $r=0.954^{**}$, 일반계에서 $r=0.915^{**}$로 정상관을 이루었다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.8-17
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to classify the tobacco names in the world, to investigate the regional distribution of the classified type, and to show origin of names according to the type. The names of tobacco used in this study was 50. The type of tobacco names was classified by the presence or absence of nasal sound(morn) on the first syllable, the Number of syllable, and the structure of consonants and vowels of tobacco names. Type I (Dambago) has the nasal sound on the first syllable. The proportion of Type I(Dambago) was 28%. And the rest(Type I~Type V ; 72%) has no nasal sound. Type II(Tabaco) has three syllables, and its proportion was 20%. Type III(Tabac) has the two syllables and the structure of T+vowels+B+vowels. And its proportion was 30%. Type IV(Tutun) has the two syllables and the structure of T+vowels+T+vowels. And its proportion was 12%. Type V(Duhan) has the two syllables and the structure of D+vowels+H(V)+vowels. And its proportion was 10%. The world's most widely distributed type was Type I(Dambago). regional distribution of the world's tobacco names were clustered by the type. 72% of Type I(Dambago) was distributed in Asia. The etymology of Type I(Dambago) was only 14% Tambaku and the other is not yet known. The etymology of Type I(Dambago) seems to be derived from the Haitian Tambaku(meaning a tobacco pipe). 88% of Type II(Tabaco) and III(Tabac) were distributed in Europe. The etymology of Type II(Tabaco) and Type III(Tabac) were 84% Spanish "Tabaco". 100% of Type IV(Tutun) and V(Duhan) were distributed in Europe. The etymology of Type IV(Tutun) and Type V(Duhan) were 100% Turkish tutun and duhan, respectively. This finding suggests that the etymology of Type I(Dambago) is certainly may be Haitian "Tambaku(meaning a tobacco pipe)".

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1908-1915
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• 2018

Upon viral infection, the host cell recognizes the invasion through a number of pattern recognition receptors. Melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (MDA5) and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) recognize RNA molecules derived from invading viruses, activating down-stream signaling cascades, culminating in the induction of the type I interferon. On the other hand, viruses have evolved to evade type I interferon-mediated inhibition. Hepatitis E virus has been shown to encode a few antagonists of type I interferon and it is not surprising that viruses encode multiple mechanisms of viral evasion. In the present study, we demonstrated that HEV PCP strongly down-regulates MDA5-mediated activation of interferon ${\beta}$ induction in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, MDA5 protein expression was almost completely abolished. In addition, polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C))- and Sendai virus-mediated activation of type I interferon responses were similarly abrogated in the presence of HEV PCP. Furthermore, HEV PCP down-regulates several molecules that play critical roles in the induction of type I IFN expression. Taken together, these data collectively suggest that HEV-encoded PCP is a strong antagonist of type I interferon.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.67-72
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• 1997

As a condition for obtaining the silk I type crystal that has stability and high reproducibility, after dissolving silk fibroin crystalline part (Fcp), the changes of recrystallized crystal structure according to dialytic pH were examined by x-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. The Fcp was obtained from the aqueous solution of silk fibroin enzymatic proteolyzed by chymotrypsin. The crystal structure of Fcp showed silk II type. When the Fcp was dissolved by 10M LiBr aqueous solution, the Fcp1 showed the silk II type at pH 9. However, besides the silk II type, the silk I type structure begins to appear at pH 8 and only the silk I type structure was found below pH 6. On the other hand, the Fcp2 that calcium chloride was used in the dissolution found only the silk I type crystal structure below pH8.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.179-196
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• 2004

Mond-Weir type duals for multiobjective variational problems are formulated. Under generalized vector variational type I invexity assumptions on the functions involved, sufficient optimality conditions, weak and strong duality theorems are proved efficient and properly efficient solutions of the primal and dual problems.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.699-705
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• 2005

폐광된 장풍광산의 풍화된 폐광석에 함유된 중금속의 존재형태를 규명하기 위해 5단계 연속추출법을 수행하였다. 각 단계에서 용출된 용액은 ICP-AES로 분석하였다. XRD로 풍화된 폐광석 시료들의 광물조성을 파악한 결과, 시료는 산성 환경에서 pH에 대한 완충작용을 할 수 있는 방해석의 유무에 따라 두 유형(type I and type II)으로 나눌 수 있었다. Type I 시료의 주 구성광물은 석영으로 방해석이 산출되지 않으며, type II 시료의 주 구성광물은 방해석이었다. 모든 시료에서 비소, 코발트, 철은 잔류형태로 존재하는 것이 가장 우세하였다. 카드뮴, 망간, 아연의 경우 type I 시료에서는 잔류형태가, type II 시료에서는 산화철망간형태가 우세하였다. 구리는 type I 시료의 경우 잔류형태가 가장 우세하였고, type II의 경우 황화광물형태가 우세하였다. 납은 type I시료에서는 잔류형태가 가장 우세하였고, type II시료에서 산화철망간 형태가 우세하였다. pH 4-7 사이에서 중금속의 상대적인 이동성은 type I시료의 경우 아연>구리>카드뮴>납>코발트>비소의 순서였으며, type II시료에서는 카드뮴>구리>아연>납>비소>코발트의 순서로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제9권3_4호
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• pp.7-13
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• 1966

The investigation on the grassland type was conducted by the data in the previous these (Park 1963, '64, '65, '66). The results obtained are as follows; 1) I defined that the relationship between the valves of DS and the main species of the grass in Korea(Table Ⅰ) Grassland Stage ; Waste type………6 community-types Short grass type………3 community-types Pteridium type………1 community-types Tall grass type………4 community-types Sasamorpha type………1 community-types Shrubby Stage; Lespedeza type Pioneer tree type………6 species Forest Stage; Deciduous broad leave tree type………6 species Evergreen broad leaved tree type………3 species Evergreen needle leaved tree type………7 species 2) I defined; that the relationship between the valves of DS and the grassland type in Korea(Table 2). Of grassnland type, the range of valves of DS, 50-220 belongs to waste type; 130-310 short grass type; 230-640 tall grass type; 210-450 pteridium type; 510-970 sasamorpha type; 730-1450 shrubby type; 3) I decided; The succession stage centering on the Sasamorpha purpuracens in Korea(Table 3). 4) I decided the climate type and the grassland succession in Korea(Table 4).

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제30권1_2호
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• pp.111-125
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• 2012

In this paper, we introduce new classes of generalized convex n-set functions called $d$-weak strictly pseudo-quasi type-I univex, $d$-strong pseudo-quasi type-I univex and $d$-weak strictly pseudo type-I univex functions and focus our study on multiobjective subset programming problem. Sufficient optimality conditions are obtained under the assumptions of aforesaid functions. Duality results are also established for Mond-Weir and general Mond-Weir type dual problems in which the involved functions satisfy appropriate generalized $d$-type-I univexity conditions.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2013

Various voltage-gated $K^+$ currents were recently described in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. However, the characterization and diversity of voltage-gated $K^+$ currents have not been well studied in trigeminal root ganglion (TRG) neurons, which are similar to the DRG neurons in terms of physiological roles and anatomy. This study was aimed to investigate the characteristics and diversity of voltage-gated $K^+$ currents in acutely isolated TRG neurons of rat using whole cell patch clamp techniques. The first type (type I) had a rapid, transient outward current ($I_A$) with the largest current size having a slow inactivation rate and a sustained delayed rectifier outward current ($I_K$) that was small in size having a fast inactivation rate. The $I_A$ currents of this type were mostly blocked by TEA and 4-AP, K channel blockers whereas the $I_K$ current was inhibited by TEA but not by 4-AP. The second type had a large $I_A$ current with a slow inactivation rate and a medium size-sustained delayed $I_K$ current with a slow inactivation rate. In this second type (type II), the sensitivities of the $I_A$ or $I_K$ current by TEA and 4-AP were similar to those of the type I. The third type (type III) had a medium sized $I_A$ current with a fast inactivation rate and a large sustained $I_K$ current with the slow inactivation rate. In type III current, TEA decreased both $I_A$ and $I_K$ but 4-AP only blocked $I_A$ current. The fourth type (type IV) had a smallest $I_A$ with a fast inactivation rate and a large $I_K$ current with a slow inactivation rate. TEA or 4-AP similarly decreased the $I_A$ but the $I_K$ was only blocked by 4-AP. These findings suggest that at least four different voltage-gated $K^+$ currents in biophysical and pharmacological properties exist in the TRG neurons of rats.