• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2007

Madhuca indica has been used ethnomedically in Indian folks. In the present study we have investigated anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and hypoglycaemic effect of ethanolic extract (EE) and crude alkaloid extract of Madhuca indica seed cake on albino rats. The study showed that the EE had a significant, dose dependent anti-edematogenic, anti-ulcerogenic and hypoglycaemic activity, whereas the crude alkaloid extract exhibited a significant only. Both the extracts possess dose dependent inhibitory activity on carrageenan-induced edema, inhibiting prostaglandins or mediators involved in prostaglandin synthesis, the second phase of inflammation. The EE was significantly effective in protecting pylorus-ligation-induced gastric ulcers at a higher dose level. The active principle of EE seems to be a selective inhibitor of the COX II (prostaglandin synthesis) without important effect on COX I since, EE exhibited both anti-edematogenic and anti-ulcerogenic effect. The EE was effective in reducing the plasma glucose level in normal albino rats in a dose dependent manner, producing hypoglycaemic effect by stimulating the release of insulin from the ${\beta}-cells$ and/or increasing the uptake of glucose from the plasma.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1995

Pharmacognostic study was carried out on the seeds of Trigonella foenumgraecum L. (fenugreek) in order to establish its pharmacognostic characteristics. In view of its renewed interest as a dietary supplement among the local inhabitants afflicted with diabetes, its hypoglycaemic activity in normal as well as diabetic rats was also investigated. Oral glucose tolerance test showed that a suspension of the powdered trigonella seed inhibited the increase in blood glucose levels in normal rats that had been treated with an oral glucose load prior to the test. A reduction in the blood glucose levels was also observed when a suspension of the powdered seed was given by gastric intubation to the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. These findings suggested that trigonella seeds possessed some hypoglycaemic activities that might be useful to the diabetics.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.166-168
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• 1988

The effects of aglycones moring and quercetin and their corresponding glycosides quercitrin and rutin were studied on the blood glucose levels of rats. Quercetin and quercetrin caused hypoglycaemia in rats while rutin and morin showed almost no difference. Quercetin, which showed 50% pronounced hypoglycaemic effects, reduced significantly the blood glucose level of alloxan diabetic rats.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.202-208
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• 2004

Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic derangement with hyperglycaemia being the most characteristic symptom of diabetes. Hyperglycaemia can be caused by an increase in the rate of glucose production by the liver or by a decrease in the rate of glucose use by peripheral tissues. Impaired glucose transport is one of the major factors contributing to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. The ability of insulin to mediate tissue glucose uptake is a critical step in maintaining glucose homeostasis and in clearing the post-prandial glucose load. Glucose transport is mediated by specific carriers called glucose transporters (GLUTs). In this article, the functional importance and molecular mechanisms of insulin-induced glucose transport and development of hypoglycaemic agents which increase glucose transport are reviewed.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.144-149
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• 2005

The present study was designed to investigate the hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic activities of Qurs-e-Ziabetus 16 (QZ-16) in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. QZ-16, a polypharmaceutical herbomineral formulation developed on the principles of Unani medicine is used for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The elevated levels of fasting blood glucose, serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and urea observed in rats treated with STZ (55 mg/kg body wt.) were significantly reduced by the treatment of QZ-16 (240 mg/kg, p.o.) and gliclazide (30 mg/kg, p.o.). The reduced HDL cholesterol levels were also increased by the QZ-16 and gliclazide treatments in the STZ induced diabetic rats. These data show that QZ-16 has hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic properties in STZ induced diabetic rats.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.363-371
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• 2007

The methanol extract of the seed of Swietenia macrophylla (Meliaceae) seeds were investigated for its hypoglycaemic activity in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Seed extract suspended in aqueous Tween 80 solution, the graded doses were administered to normal and experimental diabetic rats for 10 days. Fasting blood glucose levels, serum lipid profiles and changes in body weight were evaluated in normal rats while the hepatic marker enzymes and liver glycogen levels were evaluated additionally in diabetic rats. The diabetic groups treated with the seed extract were compared with standard drug glibenclamide. The findings showed the significant antidiabetic potential of the extract in ameliorating the diabetic conditions in diabetic rats. The extract also has hypoglycaemic action in normal rats. A toxicity study has been performed for the extract, which revealed that the extract is safe to use even at the doses of 3.2 mg/kg of body weight orally. The result from the present investigation indicates good correlation between the folk use and scientific investigation.

• CELLMED
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.13.1-13.7
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• 2020

Arusa (Adhatoda vasica) is an important medicinal plant widely used in Unani system of medicine of (Family-Acanthaceae). The leaves of Adhatoda vasica contain several biologically active phytochemicals such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenolics and flavonoids. It mainly consists of pyrroquinazoline, alkaloids, viz. vasicine, vasicol, vasicinone, peganine along with other minor constituents. The plant possesses diverse pharmacological activities, In Unani system of medicine, the drug is described as having dafa-e-tashannuj (anti-spasmodic), qatil-e-jarasim (antibiotic), mukhrij-e-balgham (expectorant), dafa-e-humma (antipyretic) properties due to which it is prescribed in a wide range of ailments like influenza, tuberculosis, bronchitis, gastric ulcers etc. Leaf juice is beneficial in the treatment of dysentery and diarrhoea. Various other activities like radio modulation, hypoglycaemic effect, cardiovascular protection, antitubercular, antiviral, hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity have also been reported.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.391.2-391.2
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• 2002

The inhibitory activity of several crude drugs on $\alpha$-glucosidase, which are the key enzyme for carbohydrate digestion and the prevention of diabetic complications. was investigated. This experiment was designed to examine the hypoglycaemic effect of four water extracts crude drugs. We found two drugs. Mori radicis Cortex and Cudraniae radicis Cortex in several crude drugs remarkably inhibited $\alpha$-glucosidase. Two crude drugs were examined in streptozotocin induced high blood glucose mice. (omitted)

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8053-8058
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• 2016

Metformin is known as a hypoglycaemic agent that regulates glucose homeostasis by inhibiting liver glucose production and increasing muscle glucose uptake. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with about a million new cases diagnosed each year. The risk factors for CRC include advanced age, smoking, black race, obesity, low fibre diet, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome. We have searched Medline for the metabolic syndrome and its relation to CRC, and metformin as a potential treatment of colorectal cancer. Administration of metformin alone or in combination with chemotherapy has been shown to suppress CRC. The mechanism that explains how insulin resistance is associated with CRC is complex and not fully understood. In this review we have summarised studies which showed an association with the metabolic syndrome as well as studies which tackled metformin as a potential treatment of CRC. In addition, we have also provided a summary of how metformin at the cellular level can induce changes that suppress the activity of cancer cells.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 2005

The present study was carried out to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of a polyherbal aqueous extract (Curcuma longa Linn., Emblica officinalis Gaertn., Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn., Enicostemma littorale Blume) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Short term experiments showed a decrease in blood glucose levels at $2^{nd}\;hr$ of administration of the aqueous extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats with increase in serum insulin levels. The extract did not show any effect on blood glucose or serum insulin levels in normoglycaemic rats. Treatment with the extract (1.5 g dry plant equivalent extarct/100 g body weight/day) for 20 days in diabetic rats showed a significant decrease in blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels and an increase in serum insulin levels. The aqueous extract also showed an enhanced glucose-induced insulin release at 11.1 mM glucose from isolated rat pancreatic islets. The extract did not show any toxicity at the particular dose used.