DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of QZ-16 on blood glucose and lipids in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

  • Najmi, Abul K. (Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University)) ;
  • Pillai, K.K. (Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University)) ;
  • Ahmad, Aftab (Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University)) ;
  • Aqil, M. (Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University))
  • Published : 2005.06.30

Abstract

The present study was designed to investigate the hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic activities of Qurs-e-Ziabetus 16 (QZ-16) in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. QZ-16, a polypharmaceutical herbomineral formulation developed on the principles of Unani medicine is used for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The elevated levels of fasting blood glucose, serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and urea observed in rats treated with STZ (55 mg/kg body wt.) were significantly reduced by the treatment of QZ-16 (240 mg/kg, p.o.) and gliclazide (30 mg/kg, p.o.). The reduced HDL cholesterol levels were also increased by the QZ-16 and gliclazide treatments in the STZ induced diabetic rats. These data show that QZ-16 has hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic properties in STZ induced diabetic rats.

Keywords

References

  1. Arivazhagan S, Balasenthil S, Nagini S. (2000) Garlic and neem extracts enhance glutathione and glutathione dependent enzymes during MNNG induced gastric carcinogenesis in rats. Phytother. Res. 14, 291-293. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1573(200006)14:4<291::AID-PTR570>3.0.CO;2-Y
  2. AttaurRehman, Zaman K. (1989) Medicinal plants with hypoglycaernic activity. J. Ethnopharmacol. 26, 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(89)90112-8
  3. Bailey CJ, Caroline D. (1989) Traditional plant medicines as treatment for diabetes. Diab. Care 12, 553-564. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.12.8.553
  4. Baskaran K, Ahamath AB, Shanmugasundaram RK, Shanmugasundaram ER. (1990) Anti diabetic effect of a leaf extract from Gymnema sylvestre in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients. J. Ethnopharmacol. 30, 295-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(90)90108-6
  5. Baydas G, Canatan H, Turkoglu A. (2002) Comparative analysis of the protective effects of melatonin and vitamin E on streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus. J. Pineal Res. 32, 225-230. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-079X.2002.01856.x
  6. Bhandari U, Grover JK. (1998) A reappraisal of clinical studies on the comparative influence of three indigenous plant drugs in diabetes mellitus. Hamdard Medicus XLI, 9-15.
  7. Bolwell GP, Davies DR, Gerrish C, Auh CK, Murphy TM. (1998) Comparative biochemistry of the oxidative burst produced by rose and French bean cells reveals two distinct mechanisms. Plant Physiol. 116, 1379-1385. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.116.4.1379
  8. Bombolkar S, Sainani GS. (1995) Evaluation of oxidative stress in diabetes with or without vascular complications. J. Assoc. Physicians India 43, 10-12.
  9. Bopanna KN, Kannan J, Sushma G, Balaram R, Rathod SP. (1997) Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidaemic effects of neem seed kernel powder on alloxan induced diabetic rabbits. Indian J. Pharmacol. 29, 162-167.
  10. Braham D, Trinder P. (1972) An improved colour reagent for the determination of blood glucose by the oxidase method. Analyst 97, 142-145. https://doi.org/10.1039/an9729700142
  11. Cam MC, Cros GH, Serrano JJ, Lazarok McNeil JH. (1993) In-vivo antidiabetic action of naglivan, an organic vanadyl compound in STZ-induced diabetes. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pr. 20, 111-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-8227(93)90004-O
  12. Degenhardt TP, Alderson NL, Arrington DD, Beattie RJ, Basken JM, Steffes MW. (2002) Pyrodaxamine inhibits early renal disease and dyslipidaemia in the STZ-daibetic rat. Kidney Int. 61, 939-950. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00207.x
  13. Demacher PNM, Hijmaus AGM. (1980) A study of the use of polyethylene glycol in estimating cholesterol. Clin. Chem. 26, 1775-1776.
  14. Desco MC, Asensi M, Marquez R, Martinez-Valls J, Vento M, Pallardo FV, Sastre J, Vina J. (2002) Xanthine oxidase is involved in free radical production in diabetes: protection by allopurinol. Diabetes 51, 1118-1124. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.4.1118
  15. Fossati P, Prendpe L. (1982) Triglyceride estimations. Clin. Chem. 28, 2077.
  16. Ganong F. (1991) Review of Medical Physiology, pp.318, 15th ed., Prentice Hall (UK), London.
  17. Gupta SS, Variyar MC. (1961) Inhibitory effects of Gymnema sylvestre on adreno hypophysial activity in rats. Indian J. Med. Sci. 15, 656-659.
  18. Handa SS, Chawla AS, Maninder. (1989) Hypoglycaemic plants- A review. Fitoterapia 60, 195-223.
  19. Ignacimuthu S, Amalraj T. (1998) Effect of leaf extract of Zizhyphus jujuba on diabetic rats. Indian J. Pharmacol. 30, 107-108.
  20. Khosla P, Bhanwra S, Singh J, Seth S, Srivastava RK. (2000) A study of hypoglycaemic effects of Azadirachta indica (neem) in normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits. Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 44, 69-74.
  21. Maxwell SR, Thomson H, Sandler D, Leguen C, Baxter MA, Thorpe GH. (1997) Anti-oxidant status in patients with uncomplicated insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 27, 484-490. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2362.1997.1390687.x
  22. Mukhopadhyay S. (1995) Free radicals and diabetesrole in etiology and pathogenesis. J. Diab. Assoc. India 34, 5-7.
  23. Murshed S, Sarkar S, Rokeya B, Banik NG, Ali L, Azad AK. (1996) Effects of Gymnema sylvestre and Memordica charantia on serum lipid levels of IDDM and NIDDM model rats. Diabetologia 39, 236.
  24. Nadkarni KM. (1979) Indian Materia Medica, pp. 516-595, Vol. I, Bombay Popular Parkashan, Bombay.
  25. Najmi AK, Shah S, Bhandari U, Pillai KK. (1999) Effect of Qurs-e-Ziabetus 16 in neonatally streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Indian J. Pharmacol. 31, 237.
  26. National Formulary of Unani Medicine. (1983) pp. 69, Part I, First Ed., Department of health, Ministry of health and family welfare, Govt. of India.
  27. Patel KP, Zhang PL, Zeigler W, Kaukar ML. (1997) Renal response to volume expansion in STZ induced diabetes. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pr. 35, 69-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8227(97)01376-4
  28. Persaud SJ, Al-Majed H, Raman A, Jones PM. (1999) Gymnema sylvestre stimulates insulin release in vitro by increased membrane permeability. J. Endocrinol. 163, 207-212. https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1630207
  29. Pickup J, Milan G. (1990). Text Book of Diabetes. pp. 25, Vol. I. Blackwell Publications, London.
  30. Prince PS, Menon VP, Pari L. (1998) Hypoglycaemic activity of Syzigium cumini seeds: effect on lipid peroxidation in auoxan diabetic rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 61, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00002-6
  31. Rafiquddin M. (1980) Minhaj-us-saidla-wal-keemiya (Urdu), pp.214-215, Publication Division, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh.
  32. Rizvi SNA, Rizvi SSA. (1987) Comparative clinical evaluation of the effectiveness and tolerability of a new Unani oral hypoglycaemic agent- Kushta Hartal and chlorpropamide in the treatment of maturity onset diabetes mellitus. First International Seminar on Unani Medicne, WHO, Delhi, Abstracts, p. 30.
  33. Shanmugasundaram KR, Panneerselvam C, Samudram P, Shanmugasundaram ERB. (1983) Enzyme changes and glucose utilization in diabetic rabbits: the effect of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. J. Ethnopharmacol. 7, 205-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(83)90021-1
  34. Shanmugasundaram KR, Panneerselvam C, Samudram P, Shanmugasundaram ER. (1981) The insulinotropic activity of Gymnema sylvestre R.Br., an Indian medical herb used in controlling diabetes mellitus. Pharmacol. Res. Comm. 13, 475-486. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-6989(81)80074-4
  35. Shigematsu N, Asano R, Shimosaka M, Okazaki M. (2001) Effect of long term administration with Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. on plasma liver lipid in rats. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 24, 643-649. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.24.643
  36. Shimizu K, Lino A, Nakajima J, Tanaka K, Nakajyo S, Urukawa N. (1997) Suppression of glucose absorption by some fractions extracted from Gymnema sylvestre leaves. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 59, 245-251. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.59.245
  37. Silva RM, Santos FA, Rao VS, Maciel MA, Pinto AC. (2001) Blood glucose and triglyceride lowering effect of trans-dehydrocrotonin, a diterpene from Croton cajucara Benth., in rats. Diab. Obesity Metab. 3, 452-456. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-1326.2001.00167.x
  38. Stephen N, Granner DK. (1996) Oral hypoglycaemic agents and the pharmacology of endocrine pancreas. In: Goodman's and Gilman's The pharmacological basis of therapeutics, Edited by Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Molinoff PB, Ruddon RW, Gilman AG, pp. 1487-1519., 9th ed, Mc Grawhill, New York.
  39. Sugihara Y, Nojima H, Matsuda H, Murakami T, Yoshikawa M, Kimura T. (2000) Antihyperglycaemic effects of gymnemic acid IV, a compound derived from Gymnema sylvestre leaves in streptozotocindiabetic mice. J. Asian Nat. Products Res. 2, 321-327. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020008041372
  40. Teitz NW. (1976) Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, pp.238, W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.
  41. Umrani DN, Goyal RK. (2002) Beneficial effects of fenoldopam treatment on renal function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Clin. Exp. Hypertens. 24, 207-219. https://doi.org/10.1081/CEH-120003201
  42. Uzel N, Sivas A, Uysal M, Oz H. (1987) Erythrocyte lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase activities in patients with diabetes mellitus. Horm. Metab. Res. 19, 89-90. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1011748
  43. Vohora SB. (1990) Elementology of diabetes mellitus. Am. J. Chinese Med. 18, 131-138. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X90000174
  44. Vohora SB. (1983) Medical Elementology, pp.43-51, Institute of Medicine and Medical Research, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India.
  45. Warnick GR, Nguyen T, Albers AA. (1985) Comparison of improved method for quantification of HDL cholesterol. Clin. Chem. 31, 217.
  46. Ye W, Liu X, Zhang Q, Che CT, Zhao S. (2001) Antisweet saponins from Gymnema sylvestre. J. Nat. Prod. 64, 232-235. https://doi.org/10.1021/np0004451
  47. Zargar AM, Majaaz BM, Masoodi SR, Laway BA, Dar FA. (1997) Serum cholesterol triglycerides and total lipids in well controlled non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. J. Diab. Assoc. India 37, 37-40.
  48. Zobali F, Besler T, Ari N, Karasu C. (2002) Hydrogen peroxide induced inhibition of vasomotor activity: evaluation of single and combined treatments with vitamin A and insulin in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Int. J. Exp. Diab. Res. 3, 119-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/15604280214484