• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.36-41
• /
• 2010

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological characteristics of the thalamoperforating arteries that arise from the P1 segment of the posterior cerebral artery. Methods: Thalamoperforating arteries located in the interpeduncular fossa were dissected in 26 formalin-fixed human cadaver brains. We investigated the origin site of thalamoperforating arteries from the P1 segment, number and diameter. and variations in their origin. Results: Thalamoperforating arteries arose from the superior, posterior or posterosuperior surfaces of the P1 segment at the mean 1.93 mm (range, 0.41-4.71 mm) distance from the basilar apex and entered the brain through the posterior perforated substance. The average number was 3.6 (range 1-8) and mean diameter was 0.70 mm (range 0.24-1.18 mm). Thalamoperforating arteries could be classified into five different types according to their origin at the P1 segment: Type I (bilateral multiple), 38.5%; Type II (unilateral single, unilateral multiple), 26.9%; Type III (bilateral single), 19.2%; Type IV (unilateral single), 11.5%; Type V (unilateral multiple), 3.8%. In 15.4% of all specimens. thalamoperforating arteries arose from the only one side of P1 segment and were not noted in the other side. In such cases, the branches arising from the one side of P1 segment supplied the opposite side. Conclusion: Variations in the origin of the thalamoperforating arteries should be keep in mind to perform the surgical clipping, endovascular treatment or operation involving the interpeduncular fossa. In particular, unilateral single branch seems to be very risky and significant for surgical technique or endovascular treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.440-455
• /
• 2002

The final goal for an orthognathic surgery is a functional and esthetic achievement based on occlusion theory. All the dental treatment should be done with the occlusion in mind, though, they tend to be ignored with no good reason. We cannot think of occlusion without temporomandibular joint because it is the first clue to define an occlusion. As normal occlusion comes from the central tendency of distribution of population, we can get it by examining the population that closely meet the criteria of ideal occlusion. To perform proper occlusal function and to maintain the stability after treatment, the case must be finished in normal occlusion closer to ideal one. Our aim is to achieve the ideal occlusal scheme like the mutually protected occlusion with the best masticatory efficiency and the stability. The facial esthetics are influened by culture, race and the time in which human live. While the occlusal function rarely changes as time goes by, esthetics tend to do from one country to another. Orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons should have solid sets of treatment goals to achieve the best facial esthetics and the ideal occlusion dictated by the joint. Doing orthognathic surgery, two factors aforementioned should be taken into account to establish the Surgical Treatment Objectives(STO). The doctors who are planning orthognathic surgery need to have a very logical and systematic thought process to make STO. The author examined 28 selected beautiful Korean female adults with normal skeleton with normal occlusion and analyzed the hard and the soft tissue relationship into five parts : dentomaxillary relationship, intermaxillary relationship, posture to hard tissue relationship, facial balance, and posture to soft tissue relationship. This study presents a sequential flow of diagnosis and treatment planning especially for surgical patients and it also can be applied to the nonsurgical patients.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.118-132
• /
• 2017

This study developed key elements of dental service guidelines for the disabled patients. In order to provide consumer-oriented service guidelines for the dental patients with disability, service design method was applied. Using service design method guided by the double diamond design process, this study implemented consumer survey, observation, and contextual interviews for consumers' needs assessment. And customer journey map, mind maps, and blueprints were utilized to visualize consumer needs and guidelines for dental care services for the disabled. According to the study, disabled consumers have needs for expertise of the medical staff, dental care institutions specialized on the disabled, financial support, establishment of the facilities for the disabled, comfortable atmosphere in the institutions, and communication with medical staffs. Based on the needs of the disabled, 5 key elements of the dental care services were developed: convenience, expertise, empathy, financial support, and education and management. And service design guidelines were proposed to implement key elements of dental care services for the patients with disability. This study is significant in that it is the first attempt to apply the service design technique from the consumer perspectives in the field of dental care for the disabled. Furthermore the process of this study has become a reference that can be utilized and applied to other medical institution.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.15 no.6 s.59
• /
• pp.213-220
• /
• 2006

Le Corbusier (1887-1965) is known as a great architect ranking with such master architects as Frank Lloyd Wright and Mies van der Rohe who produced great architectural achievements in an era from the dawning to the maturity of the modem architecture. His works are marked for their peculiarity in expressing his architectural concept as perceived through his artistic sensibility. He has brought the form of his architecture to perfect through the influence of Purism. His architectural concept has instigated him to construct the relations between structure, form and the notion of space through the 'Dom-ino' structural system and the 'Five Principles of the Modem Architecture.' As a result, he has become such an architect as has ripened his works by adopting the 'Modulor' for human measurement. During the decade from 1929 to 1939, he made public the 'Museum of Unlimited Growth' programs in an attempt to give a concrete form to his concept of 'unlimited space' spreading to all directions, which was actually visualized by the constructions of three art museums, located Ahmedabad and Chandigarh in India and Tokyo in Japan. Although a number of researches have so far been publicized on the works and the architectural ideas of Le Corbusier, no systematic research has yet been released on the idea of 'Museum of Unlimited Growth' as a matter of fact. Therefore, this study has set its purpose to grasp the peculiarities of his exhibition space design through an analysis on the characteristics of the 'Museum of Unlimited Growth' so designed as to reflect the concept of a space, which is centrifugally growing. With this purpose in mind, this research is also to suggest how the design of the 'Museum of Unlimited Growth' would influence the modem museum exhibit space. The contents of this study comprise the consideration on the early ideas of Le Corbusier, the typical features of the growing museum and the analysis as well as the integration of his works.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.60 no.9
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2010

Fashion designer Jean Paul Gaultier incorporated his own boundless and unique artistic Into his design of dance costumes, presenting an unobstructed imaginary world that was filled with freedom, which is no less than one would expect from the one-time enfant t${\'{e}}$rrible of Paris fashion. This creativity of Gaultier was made possible only through the fantastic partnership he formed with the French modern dancer, R${\'{e}}$gine Chopinot. Gaultier and Chopinot shared a deep-rooted sympathy that enabled their own artistic worlds to fully mingle and cross over, resulting in a doubled synergy of their talent and their fame. This study analyzed 11 dancing costumes created through the collaborated efforts of those two enfants t${\'{e}}$rribles, one from the fashion industry and the other from the world of dance. The following are the results of my analysis. Gaultier's dance costumes served as a artistic venue for experimenting with a number of creative inspirations lurking in his mind, which were sometimes expressed in pr${\^{e}}$t-${\`{a}}$-porter collections. Instead of the decorative and expressive features of conventional dance costumes, his was the revival of the dancer's persona as a human being, ablaze with individuality and uniqueness. He pointed out that there is no good in the distorted turturro's fixed point of view, and the great joy of an opposing way of thinking that overturned the established. Leotard material was used as a second skin by transforming it into various styles and delivering his message. In addition, obscene and sexual expressions were delivered in a direct narrative. His eccentric ideas provided entertainment while showing his oppositional way of thinking. In the dance, the effect of the costumes was doubled by the use of cumbersome and exaggerated accessories, which is generally forbidden in modern dance.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.373-380
• /
• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to analyze the history of nursing and medicine as phenomena of knowledge/power from the viewpoint of Foucault. Method : The present study adopts the genealogical method by Foucault, which tries to unite languages and knowledge. Foucault who attempted to show that the basic ideas which people normally take to be permanent truths about human nature and society change in the course of history. Results : It has been emphasized that the development of modern health care has been due to the progressive efforts of medicine and to medical discoveries. Foucault examines the institutionalization of knowledge and the power exerted thereby, with special reference to the devices of social regulation and their function over the madness, the disease, the crime, and the sexuality. The concept of power is that it is exerted spontaneously in verbal behaviors of individuals through knowledge of everyday life such as definition of body or mind. Therefore as to the problem of knowledge/power, this study tries to understand the meaning of history of nursing and medicine through an analysis of the formation of text of history. In order to have authority in a power relation, the medical professional asserts that medical discourse is the most scientific knowledge. Conclusion : According to the above findings, it can be concluded that the body is also directly invested in a political field: power relations have an immediate hold upon it; they invest it, mark it, train it, torture it, force it to carry out tasks, to perform ceremonies, to emit signs. Therefore the devaluation of nursing care is reinforced by the medicine which has the legitimate authority through use of the political skills about the body.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.48 no.5
• /
• pp.601-621
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to synthesize the caring experiences of Korean family members of patients with dementia through a qualitative meta-synthesis method. Methods: By searching through nine Korean and English databases, we compared 37 qualitative studies on caring experiences of family members of patients with dementia. The selected studies were synthesized through meta-synthesis, proposed by Sandelowski and Barroso (2007). Results: The meta-synthesis elicited four themes: tough life due to care for patients, changes in relationships, adaptation to caregiver's roles, and new perspectives of life through personal growth. Caregivers were shocked when a sudden diagnosis of dementia was made prior to any preparation on their part. They were tied to their patients all the time and their mind and body got exhausted. Their relationship with patients began to change and they looked at them differently. They experienced conflicts with the other non-caring family members and were alienated from them. They were also socially isolated. However, by building their own care strategies and utilizing social resources, they gradually adapted to their caregiver roles. Finally, they experienced personal growth and acquired a new perspective toward life by accepting their roles and finding meaning in their lives. Shifting the caregiver's centricity from themselves to the patient was the process of becoming human beings who actively constructed their realities while giving meaning to their painful lives and interacting with the environment. Conclusion: The results of the study can be useful for nurses in understanding the experiences of caregivers of the patients with dementia and in providing them with practical interventions.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.82-86
• /
• 2011

Objective: To evaluate sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation and chromatin structure after 18 hours' incubation at room temperature. Methods: Twenty-eight male partners who participating IVF treatment were prospectively included in this study. Ejaculated sperm count and motility were assessed. The sperm was then immediately processed by the conventional swim-up method. After utilization of some of the sample for routine clinical use, the remainder of each of the samples was divided into two aliquots. One aliquot was immediately assessed for sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation (TUNEL assay) and chromatin structure (toluidine blue [TB] staining). The other aliquot was incubated at room temperature for 18 hours and then assessed by two methods. Only dark-TB sperms were considered as having abnormal chromatin structure. Data before and after extended incubation were compared using a paired Student's $t$-test. Results: Before and after extended culture, nuclear DNA fragmentation assessed by TUNEL was $4.9{\pm}4.7%$ and $7.0{\pm}6.4%$, respectively ($p$=0.008). The proportion of abnormal chromatin structure (dark-TB sperm) was $8.2{\pm}5.6%$ and $10.3{\pm}6.5%$ ($p$ <0.001), before and after incubation, respectively. Conclusion: After 18 hours' incubation at room temperature, sperm nuclear DNA and chromatin structure were significantly affected. The IVF practitioner should bear this information in mind when performing delayed insemination, especially for $in$ $vitro$ maturation cycles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.1035-1038
• /
• 2007

Just as social welfare facilities and system are the barometers of a nation's quality & standard of living, the facilities of student's union building symbolizes level of welfare facilities and systems of a university. A university is a group of individuals searching for and studying the truth, so it is the highest of all education centers. At the same time, a university builds one's character. this infers that leisure activity in a university is a condition that facilitates the ability to create a healthy body and healthy soul. Additionally, active experiences for a human social life take people away from daily stresses and release the tensions of university studies. Therefore, a university campus should be built not only for students researching and studying, but also to aid in the growth of a students body, soul and mind. When creating a university master plan, increasing the number of students, promotion of a good educational environment and preparation of students for future development should be of primary consideration. There are several factors to aid this. The factors are; the academic plan, leisure activity, the belief system of university student and physical and environmental factors. The research presented here tells us the most important factor for developing the master plan of a student's union building

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.1-19
• /
• 2012

Kant defines mathematical cognition as the cognition by reason from the construction of concepts. In this paper, I inquire the meaning and the characteristics of the construction of concepts based on Kant's theory on the sensibility and the understanding. To construct a concept is to exhibit or represent the object which corresponds to the concept in pure intuition apriori. The construction of a mathematical concept includes a dynamic synthesis of the pure imagination to produce a schema of a concept rather than its image. Kant's transcendental explanation on the sensibility and the understanding can be regarded as an epistemological theory that supports the necessity of arithmetic and geometry as common core in human education. And his views on mathematical cognition implies that we should pay more attention to how to have students get deeper understanding of a mathematical concept through the construction of it beyond mere abstraction from sensible experience and how to guide students to cultivate the habit of mind to refer to given figures or symbols as schemata of mathematical concepts rather than mere images of them.