• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.54
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• pp.203-220
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to identify and empirically study the factors that significantly influence amount and types of Informal caregiving to severely disabled elderly who have functional limitations. For this research, a set of caregivers living with the severely elderly were surveyed. Among collected data, data for 211 caregivers were used for this study. The results suggest that a variety of factors determine informal caregivers do systematically determine their allocation of time to the provision of elderly care. The results of four OLS regressions using data surveyed are as follows. First, The hypothesized role of income is supported in model 1 of the four regression models. Second, the technological components of informal care production significantly influences caregiving hours include the number of ADLs and IADLS needs help, the number of caregivers in the team, the utilization of formal services. Third, any component of production technology of household goods do not significantly influence caregiving hours. Fourth, the components of preferences significantly influence caregiving hours include caregiver's participation in market work, willingness money to pay market-purchased care for the elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.12-21
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• 2009

This study focused on the estimation of econcmic value and the evaluation of attitudes toward plans for the establishment of a walking tour as a public service in the city of Gwacheon. A value analysis based upon 152 questionnaires returned by the residents of Gwacheon and 175 questionnaires from the users of Seoul Race Park in Gwacheon utilized a CVM(Contingent Valuation Method) approach to estimate use value, non-use value, and potential value. The results show that 69.8% of residents and 60.0% of Seoul Race Park users had an interest, 81.6% of residents and 89.7% of Seoul Race Park users agreed to the proposed plan, and 67.8% of residents and 69.7% of Seoul Race Park users expressed a willingness to pay an additional tax or admission fee. The estimated WTP for an additional resident tax per household/year is 11,721 won while it was an additional 750 won per admission for the Seoul Race Park user group. Based on these results, the estimated total economic value of all households/year and the user group over a period of 5 years is 9,997 hundred million won, which was a doubling of the 1.4 in value of total construction costs. The results of this study strongly support the establishment of a walking tour street plan as a public service commodity.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.101-134
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• 2005

Economic feasibility analysis for the public projects such as sewer improvement project differs from the one for the project by profit organization in that the former has to take into consideration the public benefit that cannot be priced in the market. This study presents a model case study for the economic feasibility analysis for the sewer improvement project by the City of Gumi, Korea. The project is planned for the period of 2003~2021. It utilized Contingent Valuation Method(CVM) to assess the public benefits such as improvement of environmental quality and quality of life that can not be priced in the market. WTP(Willing-to-pay) of a household of the Gumi was estimated at 2,865 Korean Won on average. The result of an economic feasibility test including the estimated WTP indicates that B/C ratio of the project turned out to be 0.97, slightly less than 1. This study is the first application of WTP estimated by CVM to the economic feasibility analysis of public project in Korea. It is expected to contribute to the decision makings in the public policy domain as well as academic development.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.573-579
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• 1994

1-O-oleoyl glycerol, 2-O-oleoyl myo-inositol and methyl 2-O-oleoyl-${\alpha}$-D-glucopyranoside were used as surfactants in this study. The solution properties and solubilization process of those nonionic surfactants were examined by the phase equilibria. As a result of this study, we have found that phase behavior of two component systems of surfactants/$H_2O$/cyclohexane depends on temperature respectively. The three phase regions of three component systems appeared in the temperature range of $27^{\circ}C{\sim}32^{\circ}C$, $36^{\circ}C{\sim}45^{\circ}C$ and $38^{\circ}C{\sim}52^{\circ}C$ and solubilization of water and oil was high in those three phase ranged As the temperature was varied in the two component systems, liquid crystals of hexagonal were observed to in the case of 1-O-oleoyl glycerol, and liquid crystal of lamella types were observed in the case of 2-O-oleoyl myo-inositol and methyl 2-O-oleoyl-${\alpha}$-D-glucopyranoside.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.645-654
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• 2015

This paper attempts to quantitatively assess the conservation value of Ellobium chinense (EC), which belongs to the endangered marine species designated by Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries. To this end, we apply the contingent valuation (CV) method, an economic technique of valuing a non-market goods such as EC. A national survey of randomly selected 1,000 households was administered in order to derive the public's willingness to pay (WTP) for conserving EC. One-and-one-half-bound model was adopted to elicit the WTP responses and a spike model was employed to deal with the zero WTP responses. The results show that the conservation value of EC is estimated to be 2,346 won per household per year that is statistically significant at the 1% level. Expanding the value to the national population gives us an annual value of 43.8 billion won. We can judge that the Korean people are willing to pay a significant amount to conserve EC.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.115-130
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• 2004

Plant-based cultural assets using straw and grass as household goods of our people's have been used as indispensable tools for practical living for a very long time. However, only a limited number of artifacts were unearthed so far due to tile fragility of the material. For this reason, research on plant-based cultural properties had close to no progress, and the appropriateness of the PEG method, high-grade alcohol method, alcohol--ether-resin method, and Paraloid B-72 used in preserving plant-based cultural properties has not been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, this study examined the weight change rate by applying the methods of Primal MC-76 and vacuum freeze-drying used mostly as a earth-layer hardening material among PEG and acrylic resin, which are applied widely for preservation of waterlogged archaeological wood, as a means to preserve plant-based cultural properties along with the examination of the subject material, and an experiment was also performed on moisture absorption. The findings as a result were, first, the plant-based material being studied was found to be Typha (Typha orientalis Presl). Secondly, the weight change experiment applying $PEG\#400$ and $PEG\#4000$ confirmed a steady increase of weight if PEG -2Step is used for treatment. Third, in preserving all subject materials with soil, treatment with $PEG\#4000$, Primal MC-76, and vacuum freeze-drying showed that tile vacuum freeze-drying method resulted in the largest or $20\%$ reduction in weight, while Primal MC-76 resulted in $18\%$ and $PEG\#4000$ in $8\%$ of weight reduction. It was concluded that, considering the stability of soil measurement, this came to be because resin permeation was carried out along with tile drying process. Fourth, the weight changes were found to be around $10\%$ in various humidity conditions after the preservation treatment. The greatest weight change rate was seen in the case of $PEG\#4000$, particularly having chemicals gush out in a high humidity (RH $84\%$ or higher) environment. In the case of Primal MC-76 and vacuum freeze-drying methods, $6\~8\%$ weight changes were detected, and the lowest weight change was found in the case of the vacuum freeze-drying method. Fifth, as for color changes after treatment, blackening occurred most strongly with $PEG\#4000$, while Primal MC-76 and vacuum freeze-drying manifested colors closest to dry straw or grass. However, the texture of straw was not very evident in the case of Primal MC-76, due to a glossy surface, but vacuum freeze-drying was found to offer tile best result in terms of texture. Putting together the results of the above experiments, vacuum freeze-drying presented after being treated with PEG2-Step the most stabilized changes in weight, while it offered the smallest change in color as well.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.97-115
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial pattern of retail services and the consumer behaviors. For the purpose we select Jeju Island as the study area, because it retains relatively little distorted retail service systems by it's locational isolation. The retail service systems comprise three types: large-scale modern marts, conventional markets, and periodic markets. This study attempts to examine the interrelationships between these three different types, of retail services, and to figure out the spatial characteristics of consumer behaviors for each of them. We performed questionnaire surveys for getting the data of consumer behaviors. We applied several statistical methods to analyze the survey data. Most of retail services are located in two urban centers, Jeju City and Seoguipo City. We found that the locations of retail services are determined strongly by population size. The selection of market type and the location to go for shopping are related strongly with the types of goods. However, there is a wide difference in the consumer behaviors according to the consumer's socio-economic characteristics. Young wives tend to go shopping to large-scale marts in Jeju City which is the higher level central place, while old wives go shopping to conventional markets and periodic markets. They also show different shopping behaviors according to the household income levels. Low income groups prefer to go conventional markets located near to their residence, middle income groups go to large-scale marts in Jeju, and high income group go out of the Jeju Island. However, the consumer behavior does not show big difference according to the size of family. There are also no difference in the selection for shopping location according to the consumer's resident locations.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.395-433
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• 2021

This paper aims to examine the effects of homeownership and residential types on the economic values of urban green spaces. Green open spaces as public goods provide positive externalities that are comprised of pecuniary and technological externalities. Seoul, South Korea, is used as a case study using choice experiments, with split-sample online respondents of 1,000. The study results evidenced that the differentiation between the two types of externalities is imperative for equitable provisions and efficient management of various urban open spaces. There is a positively significant and substantial impact of homeownership for apartment dwellers, ceteris paribus, but not for house dwellers. For apartments, the efficiency loss can be reduced by increasing green spaces up to the critical point where the marginal cost is at equilibrium with tenants' marginal values. For non-apartment houses, it is not homeownership but the monthly household income that has a significant impact on the amenity value. In general, public benefits from green spaces are equivalent to 16% to 33% of the current residential prices on average for a view or access. Different residential types do not cause a significant impact on the access values. Residential profiles for green spaces were developed, together with tailor-made policy suggestions.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.882-889
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to improve fire safety in Gosiwon, a residential space for the low-income class. Method: Problems appearing in the process of fire occurrence and damage were verified once again. In addition, we would like to suggest improvement measures through systematic discussions on blind spots. Results: As a result of examining the risk of cool fire, the causes of fire occurred in various ways. In addition, the possibility of radiant heat due to heat accumulation due to narrow rooms inside the Gosiwon was high. Also, it was found that the possibility of fire spread was high due to clothing and household goods. It was reconfirmed that the poor internal structure of a narrow indoor space had a significant effect on the spread of fire and the scale of damage as it tried to accommodate as many people as possible inside. Conclusion: It is necessary to complete the installation as soon as possible for Gosiwon where the simple sprinkler is not installed. For this, a stronger driving force from the government and local governments is needed. In addition, it will be necessary to discuss how to improve the spatial and structural fire vulnerabilities that appear due to the structural characteristics of the Gosiwon.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.565-583
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• 2020

In recent years, various social issues related to the natural radioactive elements detected in household goods and building materials are addressed, and should be solved promptly. In Korea, for more than 20 years, the Ministry of Environment has investigated the natural radioactive materials such as heavy metals, uranium, and radon in soil or groundwater. The origins of natural radioactive materials in them may have a close correlation with the geological factors including classification of rocks, petrogenetic origins, and deformation characteristics, but the exact geological correlations are not clarified because of the absence of the government policy preserved in the basement rocks, soils as well as groundwater in fault-related reservoirs. This study aims to perform a research on the correlation between the petrogeneses of the Phanerozoic plutonic rocks and natural radioactive concentrations in rocks (radon, uranium, thorium, potassium etc.) in Korea. Among the Phanerozoic plutonic rocks, alkaline plutonic rocks (syenite, monzonite and monzodiorite and alkali granite) show high U and Th concentrations by high solubilities of U, Th, Zr, REE, and Nb until the most extreme stages of magmatic fractionation (viz. crystal fractionation) due to high magma temperature and high alkalinity tendency. The highly fractionated high-K calalkaline and peraluminous granitic rocks (leucogranite, two-mica granite and leucocratic pegmatite are also U and Th concentrations compared with other less or medium fractionated granitic rocks (diorite, granodiorite and granite). The alkaline plutonic rocks are associated with intracontinental rifting and extensional environment after crustal thickening by collisional and subductional processes. In contrast, the dominant calc-alkaline granitic rocks in Korea are related to the arc environment of the subduction zone. In summary, the trends of the U, Th and K concentration from the Phanerozoic plutonic rocks in Korea are closely linked to the petrogenesis of the rocks in tectonic environment. The preliminary data for gamma-spectrometric mesurments of natural radionuclide contents (²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K) in the Phanerozoic plutonic rocks show high values in the alkaline and highly fractionated granitic rocks.