Economic and Environmental Geology (자원환경지질)

The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental Geology (대한자원환경지질학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Concentration of Radioactive Materials for the Phanerozoic Plutonic Rocks in Korea and Its Implication

국내 현생 심성암류의 방사성 물질의 농도 및 의미

  • Kim, Sung Won (Geological Research Center, Geology Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources)
  • 김성원 (한국 지질자원연구원 국토연구본부 지질연구센터)
  • Received : 2020.08.04
  • Accepted : 2020.09.01
  • Published : 2020.10.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In recent years, various social issues related to the natural radioactive elements detected in household goods and building materials are addressed, and should be solved promptly. In Korea, for more than 20 years, the Ministry of Environment has investigated the natural radioactive materials such as heavy metals, uranium, and radon in soil or groundwater. The origins of natural radioactive materials in them may have a close correlation with the geological factors including classification of rocks, petrogenetic origins, and deformation characteristics, but the exact geological correlations are not clarified because of the absence of the government policy preserved in the basement rocks, soils as well as groundwater in fault-related reservoirs. This study aims to perform a research on the correlation between the petrogeneses of the Phanerozoic plutonic rocks and natural radioactive concentrations in rocks (radon, uranium, thorium, potassium etc.) in Korea. Among the Phanerozoic plutonic rocks, alkaline plutonic rocks (syenite, monzonite and monzodiorite and alkali granite) show high U and Th concentrations by high solubilities of U, Th, Zr, REE, and Nb until the most extreme stages of magmatic fractionation (viz. crystal fractionation) due to high magma temperature and high alkalinity tendency. The highly fractionated high-K calalkaline and peraluminous granitic rocks (leucogranite, two-mica granite and leucocratic pegmatite are also U and Th concentrations compared with other less or medium fractionated granitic rocks (diorite, granodiorite and granite). The alkaline plutonic rocks are associated with intracontinental rifting and extensional environment after crustal thickening by collisional and subductional processes. In contrast, the dominant calc-alkaline granitic rocks in Korea are related to the arc environment of the subduction zone. In summary, the trends of the U, Th and K concentration from the Phanerozoic plutonic rocks in Korea are closely linked to the petrogenesis of the rocks in tectonic environment. The preliminary data for gamma-spectrometric mesurments of natural radionuclide contents (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) in the Phanerozoic plutonic rocks show high values in the alkaline and highly fractionated granitic rocks.

최근 생활용품 및 건축자재 등에서 검출된 자연 방사성 물질로 인해 사회적으로 다양한 문제가 발생하고 있으며, 이는 조속히 해결해야 될 사회현안으로 대두되고 있다. 우리나라에서도 토양이나 지하수 내 중금속 및 우라늄, 라돈 등의 자연방사성 물질에 대해서 환경부에 의해 지난 20년 이상 장기간 조사된 바 있고, 토양과 지하수 내 자연방사성 물질의 기원이 암석-성인-변형적 특성 등의 지질학적 요인들과 밀접한 상관관계를 보여주는 것으로 추정되고 있지만, 기반암, 기반암 상부토양 및 지하수가 발달한 단층계 내 자연방사성 물질의 국가배경농도가 수립되어 있지 않아 정확한 지질학적 상관관계 규명이 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 현생 심성암류의 성인과 천연 방사성(라돈, 우라늄, 토륨 등)물질 농도와의 상관관계에 대한 예비 연구를 수행하였다. 현생 심성암류 중 알칼리 화강암류(섬장암, 몬조니암, 몬조섬록암 및 알칼리화강암)는 높은 마그마 온도와 고알칼리성의 경향 때문에 U, Th, Zr, REE 및 Nb 등이 부화되는 특징을 보여주어 높은 U과 Th 농도를 가진다. 지각물질의 혼합에 의해 고분화된 화강암류(우백질 화강암, 복운모화강암, 고알루미형질 S-type 화강암 및 페그마타이트)는 고분화되지 않은 일반 화강암류(섬록암, 화강섬록암 및 화강암)보다 U, Th 및 K+Na이 더욱 부화되는 경향을 보여준다. 고알칼리성 화강암류들은 주로 판내부의 열개환경, 대륙충돌 조산작용과 해양판의 대륙판 아래 섭입 이후에 일어나는 확장환경에서 생성된다. 반면에 우리나라에서 주로 산출되는 아알칼리성 캘크알칼리 화강암류는 해양판의 대륙판 밑으로의 섭입에 의한 호환경에서 주로 생성된다. 결과적으로 국내 현생 심성암류의 U, Th 및 K 함량변화는 지구조 환경에 의한 암석성인과 밀접한 연관성을 가지는 것으로 추정되며, 현생화강암류 대한 감마분석 자연방사성 핵종(226Ra, 232Th 및 40K) 예비 결과들은 고알칼리성과 고분화된 화강암류에서 높은 값을 보여준다.

Keywords

References

  1. Cheong, A.C.S., Jo, H.J., Jeong, Y.-J. and Li, X.H. (2019) Magmatic response to the interplay of collisional and accretionary orogenies in the Korean Peninsula: Geochronological, geochemical, and O-Hf isotopic perspectives from Triassic plutons. Geologcal Society of America Bulletin, v.131, p.609-634. https://doi.org/10.1130/B32021.1
  2. Cho, D.-L. and Lee, S.-B. (2017) 1:100,000 tectonostratigraphic map of the Gimpo-Incheon area. Korea Institution of Geoscience and Mineral Resources.
  3. Cho, D.L., Lee, S.R. and Armstrong, R. (2008) Termination of the Permo-Triassic Songrim (Indosinian) orogeny in the Ogcheon belt, South Korea: Occurrence of ca. 220 Ma post-orogenic alkali granites and their tectonic implications. Lithos, v.105, p.191-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2008.03.007
  4. Cuney, M. (2012) Uranium and Thorium: the extreme diversity of the resources of the World's energy minerals. In: Non-Renewable Resource Issues, pp.91-129.
  5. Cuney, M. (2014) Felsic magmatism and uranium deposits. Bulletin-Societe geologique de France, v.185(2), p.75-92. https://doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.185.2.75
  6. Frost, B.R., Barnes, C.G., Collins,W.J., Arculus, R.J., Ellis, D.J. and Frost, C.D. (2001) A geochemical classification for granitic rocks. Journal of Petrology, v.42, p.2033-2048. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/42.11.2033
  7. Harris, N.B.W., Perce, J.A. and Tindle, A.G. (1986) Geochemical characteristics of collision-zone magmatism. In: Coward, M.P., Reis, A.C. (Eds.), Collision Tectonics. Blackwell, Oxford.
  8. Hwang, S.K., An, Y.M., Yi, K., 2011. SHRIMP age dating and volcanism times of the igneous rocks in the Cheolwon Basin, Korea. Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea. v.20, p.231-241 (in Korean with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.7854/JPSK.2011.20.4.231
  9. Hwang, J. (2013) Occurrence of U-minerals and source of U in Groundwater in Daebo granite, Daejeon area. The Journal of Engineering Geology, v.23(4), p.399-407 (in Korean with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2013.4.399
  10. Hwang, J. (2018) Geological Review on the distribution and source of uraniferous groundwater in South Korea. The Journal of Engineering Geology, v.28(4), p.593-603 (in Korean with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.9720/KSEG.2018.4.593
  11. Hwang, J.H. and Kihm, Y.H. (2007) Geological Report of the Jipori Sheet (1:50,000). Daejon, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, p.54 (in Korean with English abstract).
  12. Hwang, J. and Moon, S.-H. (2018) Geochemical evidence for K-metasomatism related to uranium enrichment in Daejeon granitic rocks near the central Ogcheon Metamorphic Belt, Korea. Geosciences Journal, v.22(6), p.1001-1013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12303-018-0053-9
  13. Hwang, S.K., An, Y.M. and Yi, K. (2011) SHRIMP age dating and volcanism times of the igneous rocks in the Cheolwon Basin, Korea. Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea, v. 20, p.231-241 (in Korean with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.7854/JPSK.2011.20.4.231
  14. Jeong, C.H., Kim, M.S., Lee, Y.J., Han, J.S., Jang, H.G. and Joe, B.U. (2011) Hydrochemistry and occurrence of natural radioactive materials within borehole groundwater in the Cheongwon area, The Journal of Engineering Geology, v.21, p.163-178. (in Korean with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2011.21.2.163
  15. Jo, H.J., Cheong, A.C.S., Ryu, J.S., Kim, N., Yi, K., Jung, H. and Li, X.H. (2016) In situ oxygen isotope records of crustal self-cannibalization selectively captured by zircon crystals from high ?$^{26}Mg$ granitoids. Geology, v.44, p.339-342. https://doi.org/10.1130/G37725.1
  16. Jo, H.J., Cheong, A.C.S., Yi, K. and Li, X.H, (2018) Juxtaposition of allochthonous terranes in the central Korean Peninsula: Evidence from zircon U-Pb ages and O-Hf isotopes in Jurassic granitoids. Chemical Geology, v.484, p.136-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.10.006
  17. Kee, W.S., Kim, S.W., Hong P.S., Lee B.C., Cho, D.R., Byun, U.H., Ko, K., Kwon, C.W., Kim, H.C., Jang, Y., Song, K.Y., Koh, H.J. and Lee, H.J. (2020) 1:1,000,000 Geological map of Korea. Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources.
  18. Kee, W.-S., Kim, H., Kim, B.C., Choi, S.-J., Park, S.-I. and Hwang, S.K. (2010a) Geological Report of the Seoraksan Sheet (1:50,000). Daejon, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, p.94 (in Korean with English abstract).
  19. Kee, W.S., Kim, S.W., Jeong, Y.J. and Kwon, S. (2010b) Characteristics of Jurassic continental arc magmatism in South Korea: Tectonic implications. The Journal of Geology, v.118, p.305-323. https://doi.org/10.1086/651503
  20. Kim, J., Yi, K., Jeong, Y.-J. and Cheong, C.-S. (2011) Geochronological and geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of Mesozoic high-K granitoids in the central Korean peninsula. Gondwana Research, v.20, p.608-620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2010.12.005
  21. Kim, K.-K., Jwa, Y.-J., Hong. S.-S. and Lee, K.-Y. (2015) A Comparative Study on the Whole Rock Magnetic Susceptibility and SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb Geochronology of the Domestic Dimension Stone and Chinese similar Dimension Stone. Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea, v.24(3), p.273-289 (in Korean with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.7854/JPSK.2015.24.3.273
  22. Kim, M.S., Kim, T.S., Kim. H.K., Kim, D.S., Jeong, D.H., Ju, B.K., Hong, J.K., Kim, H.J., Park, S.H., Jeong, C.H., Cho, B.W. and Han, J.S. (2013) Study on temporal decay characteristics of naturally occurring radionuclides in groudwater in two mica granite area. Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment, v.18(4), p.19-31. (in Korean with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.7857/JSGE.2013.18.4.019
  23. Kim, S.W., Kwon, S., Jeong, Y.-J., Kee, W.-S., Lee, B.C., Byun, U.H., Ko, K., Cho, D.-L., Hong, P.S., Park, S.-I., Santosh, M. and Williams, I.S. (2020) The Middle Permian to Triassic tectono-magmatic systems in the southern Korean Peninsula. Gondwana Research, submitted.
  24. Kim, S.W., Kwon, S., Koh, K., Yi, K., Cho, D.-L., Kee, W.-S. and Kim, B.C. (2015) Geochronological and geochemical implications of Early to Middle Jurassic continental adakitic arc magmatism in the Korean Peninsula. Lithos, v.227, p.225-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2015.04.012
  25. Kim, S.W., Kwon, S., Park, S.-I., Lee, C., Cho, D.-L., Lee, H.-J., Ko, K. and Kim, S.J. (2016) SHRIMP U-Pb dating and geochemistry of the Cretaceous plutonic rocks in the Korean Peninsula: A new tectonic model of the Cretaceous Korean Peninsula. Lithos, v.262, p.88-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2016.06.027
  26. Kim, S.W., Kwon, S., Park, S.-I., Yi, K., Santosh, M. and Ryu, I.-C. (2015) Early to Middle Paleozoic arc magmatism in the Korean Peninsula: constraints from zircon geochronology and geochemistry. Journal of Asian Earth and Sciences, v.113(2), p.866-882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.09.017
  27. Kim, S.W., Kwon, S., Ryu, I.-C., Jeong, Y.-J., Choi, S.J., Kee, W.-S., Yi, K., Lee, Y.S., Kim, B.C. and Park, D.W. (2012) Characteristics of the Early Cretaceous igneous activity in the Korean Peninsula and tectonic implications. Journal of Geology, v.120(6), p.625-646. https://doi.org/10.1086/667811
  28. Kim, S.W., Kwon, S. and Ryu, I.-C. (2009) Geochronological constraints on multiple deformations of the Honam Shear Zone, South Korea. Gondwana Research, v.16, p.82-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2008.12.004
  29. Kim, S.W., Kwon, S., Koh, H.J., Yi, K., Jeong, Y. and Santosh, M. (2011) Geotectonic framework of Permo- Triassic magmatism within the Korean Peninsula. Gondwana Research, v.20(4), p.865-889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2011.05.005
  30. Kim, S.W., Oh, C.W., Choi, S.G., Ryu, I.-C. and Itaya, T. (2005) Ridge subduction-related Jurassic plutonism in and around the Okcheon Metamorphic belt, South Korea, and implications for Northeast Asian tectonics. International Geology Review, v.47(3), p.248-269. https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.47.3.248
  31. Kim, S.W., Park, S.-I., Jang, Y., Kwon, S., Kim, S.J. and Santosh, M. (2017). Tracking Paleozoic evolution of the South Korean Peninsula from detrital zircon records: implications for the tectonic history of east Asia. Gondwana Research, v.50, p.195-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2017.05.009
  32. Linnen, R.L. and Cuney, M. (2005) Granite-related rareelementdeposits and experimental constraints on Ta-Nb-WSn- Zr-Hf mineralization. In: Linnen RL, Samson IM (eds) Rare-element geochemistry and mineral deposits. Geological association of Canada, short course notes 17. Geological Association of Canada, St. John's, pp.45-67.
  33. Middlemost, E.A.K. (1994) Naming materials in the magma/igneous rock system. Earth-Science Reviews, v.37, p.215-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(94)90029-9
  34. NIER (2009) Occurrences of radionuclides in groundwater of the 4 high potential areas (II), NIER Report (in Korean).
  35. NIER (2010) Occurrences of radionuclides in groundwater of the 4 high potential areas ('10), NIER Report (in Korean).
  36. Oh, J.-H. and Kim, S.W. (2013) Geochronological and Geochemical Studies for Triassic Plutons from the Wolhyeonri Complex in the Hongseong Area, Korea. Economic and Environmental Geology, v.46(5), p.391-409. https://doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2013.46.5.391
  37. Park, S.-I., Kim, S.W., Kwon, S., Thanh, N.X., Yi, K. and Santosh, M. (2014a) Paleozoic tectonics of the southwestern Gyeonggi massif, South Korea: insight from geochemistry, chromian-spinel chemistry and SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology. Gondwana Research, v.26, p.684-698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2013.07.015
  38. Park, Y.S., Kim, S.W., Kee, W., Jeong, Y., Yi, K. and Kim, J. (2009). Middle Jurassic tectonomagmatic evolution in the southwestern margin of the Gyeonggi Massif, South Korea. Geosciences Journal, v.13, p.217-231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12303-009-0022-4
  39. Pearce, J.A. (1996) Sources and settings of granitic rocks. Episodes, v.19, p.120-125. https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/1996/v19i4/005
  40. Pearce, J.A., Harris, N.B.W. and Tindle, A.G. (1984) Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. Journal of Petrology, v.25, p.956-983. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/25.4.956
  41. Rodriguez-Lado, L., Sun, G., Berg, M., Zhang, Q., Xue, H., Zheng, Q. and Johnson, C.A. (2013) Groundwater arsenic contamination throughout China. Science, v.341(6148), p.866-868. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1237484
  42. Seo, J., Choi, S.-G. and Oh, C.W. (2010) Petrology, geochemistry, and geochronology of the post-collisional Triassic mangerite and syenite in the Gwangcheon area, Hongseong Belt, South Korea. Gondwana Research, v.18, p.479-496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2009.12.009
  43. Wee, S.M., Choi, S.G., Ryu, I.C. and Shin, H.J. (2006) Geochemical characteristics of the Cretaceous Jindong granites in the southwestern part of the Gyeongsang basin, Korea: focussed on Adakitic signatures. Korea Society of Economic and Environmental Geology, v.39, p.555-566.
  44. Wee, S.M., Kim, Y.J., Choi, S.G., Park, J.W. and Ryu, I.-C. (2007) Adakitic signatures of the Jindong granitoids. Economic and Environmental Geology, v.40, p.223-236 (in Korean with English abstract).
  45. Williams, I.S., Cho, D.-L. and Kim, S.W. (2009) Geochronology, and geochemical and Nd-Sr isotopic characteristics, of Triassic plutonic rocks in the Gyeonggi Massif, South Korea: constraints on Triassic postcollisional magmatism. Lithos, v.107, p.239-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2008.10.017
  46. Yang, Q., Smitherman, P., Hess, C.T., Culbertson, C.W., Marvinney, R.G., Smith, A.E. and Zheng, Y. (2014). Uranium and Radon in Private Bedrock Well Water in Maine. Geospatial Analysis at Two Scales. Environmental Science and Technology, v.48(8), p.4298-4306. https://doi.org/10.1021/es405020k
  47. Yi, K., Cheong, C.S., Kim, J., Kim, N., Jeong, Y.J. and Cho, M. (2012) Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic arcrelated magmatism in southeastern Korea: SHRIMP zircon geochronology and geochemistry. Lithos, v.153, p.129-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2012.02.007
  48. Yun, H.S. (1995) Occurrence and petrochemistry of the granites in the Pocheon-Euijeongbu area. The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea, v.4(2), p.91-103.
  49. Yun, H.Y. and Hong, S.S. (2004) Petrochemical and physical characteristics of the Cretaceous pink granites in the Jinan area. Journal of Petrological Society of Korea, v.13(3), p.166-177 (in Korean with English abstract).
  50. Yun, H.S., Hong, S.S. and Lee, Y.S. (2002) Petrology and petrochemistry of the Jurassic Daebo granites in the Pocheon-Gisanri area. The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea, v.11(1), p.1-16.
  51. Yun, S.W., Lee, J. and Park, Y. (2016) Occurrence of radionuclides in groundwater of Korea according to geologic condition. The Journal of Engineering Geology, v.26(1), p.71-78. (in Korean with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2016.1.71