• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1975-1981
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• 2019

Recently, outbreaks of food-borne diseases linked to fresh produce have been an emerging public health concern worldwide. Previous research has shown that when human pathogens co-exist with plant pathogens, they have improved growth and survival rates. In this study, we have assessed whether Escherichia coli O157:H7 benefits from the existence of a phytopathogenic bacterium and the underlying mechanisms were further investigated. When Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) and E. coli O157:H7 were co-inoculated by either dipping or infiltration methods, the populations of E. coli O157:H7 increased; however, no effect was observed when type three secretion system (T3SS) mutants were used instead, suggesting that E. coli O157:H7 benefits from the presence of Pst DC3000. In addition, this study confirmed that the E. coli O157:H7 populations increased when they occupied the tomato leaf intercellular space; this colonization of the interior of the leaves was possible due to the suppression of the PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) by Pst DC3000, in particular with the AvrPto effector. In conclusion, our data support a plausible model that E. coli O157:H7 benefits from the presence of Pst DC3000 via AvrPto suppression of the PTI resistance.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.287-294
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• 2013

Purpose: Greenhouses for a protected horticulture covered with a plastic or glass are easy to have weakness in a heat loss by deterioration, damage, poor construction, and so on. To grasp the vulnerable points of heat loss of the greenhouses is important for heating energy saving. In this study, an on-site heat loss audit and energy consulting system were developed for an efficient energy usage of a greenhouse. Method: Developed system was mounted with infrared thermal and visual cameras to grasp the heat loss from the greenhouse quickly and exactly, and a trial calculation program of heating load of greenhouse to provide farmers with the information of heating energy usage. Results: Developed system could print out the reports about the locations and causes of the heat losses and improvement methods made up by an operator. The mounted trial calculation program could print out the information of the period heating load and fuel cost according to the conditions of greenhouse and cultivation. The program also mounted the databases of the information on the 13 horticultural energy saving technologies developed by the Korea Rural Development Administration and simple economic analysis sub-program to predict the payback period of the technologies. Conclusion: The developed system was expected to be used as the basic equipment for an instructors of district Agricultural Technology and Extension Centers to conduct the energy consulting service for the farmers within the jurisdiction.

• The Journal of the Korean Institute of Forest Recreation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.49-58
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of weekend forest healing programs using urban forest on family cohesion and family relationship improvement and parental satisfaction with programs. 21 families (65 people)participated in the weekend forest healing program in Incheon Grand Park from April to August 2018. The program using family forest experience activity and forest healing therapy was newly constructed and implemented with 4 times 8 hours for 2 hours each week. The results of this study is that weekend forest healing programs for family gave a positive effect on family cohesion and family relationship, and parents' satisfaction showed high satisfaction in most items. Therefore, we concluded that forest healing activities are suitable for effective healing activities in modern society where functions such as family cohesion and emotional bond are recognized as important by improving family cohesion and family relationship. Further research should be extended to different types of families, and the development of diverse and interesting family-experience forest healing programs that reflect family needs should continue.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.871-879
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• 2012

Polyploids are a potentially important germplasm source in seedless citrus breeding program. Seedlessness is one of the most promising traits of commercial mandarin breeds that mandarin triploid hybrids possess permanently. The formation of new constant triploid hybrids can be recovered through diploid species hybridization from the fusion of divalent gametes at low frequencyor intra-and inter-ploidy crosses. However, extensive breeding work based on small $F_1$ hybrid seeds developed is impossible without a very effective aseptic methodology and ploidy event. In this study, in vitro embryo culture was employed to recover natural hybrids from monoembryonic diploid, open-pollinated mandarin. Flow cytometry was used to determine ploidy level. A total of 10,289 seeds were extracted from 792 fruits having approximately 13 seeds per fruit. Average frequency of small seeds developed was 7.1%, while the average frequency of small seeds per fruit were: 8.9% for 'Clementine' 10.2% for 'Harehime' 2.6% for 'Kamja' 3.1% for 'Pyunkyool' 2.8% for 'Sadookam' and 7.0% for 'Wilking' mandarin. Average size of a perfect seed was $49.52{\pm}0.07mm^2$ ('Clementine') while the small seed measured $7.95{\pm}0.04mm^2$ ('Clementine'), which was about 1/6 smaller than the perfect seed. In total, 731 small seeds were obtained and all of them contained only one embryo per seed. The efficiency of 'Clementine' was 14 times higher than 'Wilking' and more than 109 times higher than 'Pyunkyool'. The basic information on spontaneous polyploidy provides for the hybridization of constant triploids and increases the efficiency of conventional cross.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1025-1038
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• 2010

Carrot ($Daucus$ $carota$ L. var. $sativa$) is one of the most widely used crops in the world. Moreover it is an important crop because of its high content of ${\beta}$-carotene, well-known as the precursor of vitamin A carotenoid. However, seed-hair which is generated in epidermal cell of seeds inhibits absorption and germination. For that reason, carrot seeds are commercialized after mechanical hair removal process. To overcome such cumbersome weaknesses, new breeding program for developing hairless-seed carrot cultivar has been needed. Therefore, in this study, cDNA libraries from seeds of short-hair seed phenotype CT-ATR615 OP 666-13line and hairy seed CT-ATR615 OP-CK1-9 line were constructed and expression patterns related to generation of seed-hair were analyzed by comparison of EST sequences. Differential EST sequence results between two lines were classified into FunCat functional categories based on the results of BlastX search. Higher expression quantities belonging to metabolic category were shown on short-hair seed line than hairy-seed one. Differential expression quantities between those two lines in the protein folding and stabilization, subcellular localization categories were supposed to contribute variously on the generation of seed-hair. We confirmed 50 and 59 SSR sites, and 2 SNP sites by analyzing EST sequences in two lines; thereafter, we designed SNP and SSR primer sets from these EST sequence information as a molecular marker. These markers are thought to be used in research of molecular markers for classification of carrot family and related to various traits, as well as seed-hair characteristic.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.756-763
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• 2013

Mechanical hair removal of carrot seed causes seed injuries and suppresses the germination in carrot cultivation. This study was performed to develop molecular markers for breeding high quality cultivars with short-hair seed. To meet this objective, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers specifically linked to seed-hair characteristic were identified using CT-SMR 616 OP 389-1 line with short-haired seed and CT-SMR 616 OP 616-33 line with long-haired seed, bred by self-pollination for 6 years from 2008 to 2013, as parents. After seed hair lengths of these lines were analyzed using microscope, next generations were advanced and compared with the molecular markers polymorphism. From RAPD analysis using fixed lines in 2011, twelve RAPD primers showing polymorphic bands specific between the two lines were identified from 80 random primers. To develop RAPD-SACR marker, SCAR primers were designed based on sequence analysis of these specific RAPD bands and more than three combinations of primers were tested. As a result, it was found that the $SCA2_{1.2}$ amplified single polymorphic band from short-haired seed line. To confirm this result, $SCA2_{1.2}$ marker was retested by applying to the 2012 and 2013 progenies. Finally, it was concluded that the developed $SCA2_{1.2}$ marker distinguished short-haired line from long-haired seed line. Therefore, SCAR marker, $SCA2_{1.2}$ is expected to be utilized for breeding of the short-haired seed cultivars.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.276-276
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• 2017

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.869-876
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• 2015

Wild relative species of domesticated crops are useful genetic resources for improving agronomic traits. Cytogenetic investigations based on chromosome composition provide insight into basic genetic and genomic characteristics of a species that can be exploited in a breeding program. Here, we used FISH analysis to characterize the ploidy level, chromosome constitution, and genomic distribution o f 5S and 4 5S r ibosomal DNA (rDNA) in four wild Cucurbitaceae species, namely, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf. var. citroides L. H. Bailey (2n = 22), Melothria japonica Maxim. (2n = 22), Sicyos angulatus L. (2n = 24), and Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. (2n = 66, 88, 110 cytotypes), collected in different areas of Korea. All species were diploids, except for T. kirilowii, which included hexa-, octa-, and decaploid cytotypes (2n = 6x = 66, 8x = 88, and 10x = 110). All species have small metaphase chromosomes in the range of $2-5{\mu}m$. The 45S rDNA signals were localized distally compared to the 5S rDNA. C. lanatus var. citroides and M. japonica showed one and two loci of 45S and 5S rDNA, respectively, with co-localization of rDNA signals in one M. japonica chromosome. S. angulatus showed two co-localized signals of 5S and 45S rDNA loci. The hexaploid T. kirilowii cytotype showed five signals each for 45S and 5S rDNA, with three being co-localized. This is the first report of hexaploid and decaploid cytotypes in T. kirilowii. These results will be useful in future Cucurbitaceae breeding programs.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.507-509
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• 2011

'Heukisul' (3x) a cross made in 2000 between 'Kyoho' (4x, Vitis sp.) and 'Thompson Seedless' (2x, Vitis vinifera L.) in a seedless grape breeding program, was preliminarily selected in 2004. After regional adaptation testing under the name of 'KTS014' at two sites during 2004-2005, it was finally selected in 2006. 'Heukisul' showed low incidence of berry shattering, resulting in a good berry set compared to 'King Dela'. 'Heukisul' had budburst on April 23, flowering on in June 9, and fruit maturation in September 29 (almost the same as 'King Dela' at Chuncheon), and it was considered a midseason cultivar. The mean berry weight was 4.0 g, about 0.7 g heavier than 'King Dela', and mean soluble solids were $21.9\;^{\circ}Brix$, about $2.7\;^{\circ}Brix$ higher than 'King Dela'. The skin color was dark violet with abundant bloom and the flesh was very firm. Although the cluster was compact, it required no cluster thinning. Also the incidence of berry cracking was very low.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.298-311
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• 2015

Grape is one of the important fruit crops around the world, and exposed to disease and pests, and internal or environmental stresses in the vineyards. Breeding and cultivation of new varieties of high quality-grapes resistant to diseases and pests and tolerant to stresses are the most important steps in the grape production. However, conventional breeding has laborious and time-consuming procedures in maintaining and selecting seedlings in the fields. Development of molecular breeding technology through understanding of molecular mechanism of useful traits can be used as an alternative strategy to improve the efficiency of grape breeding program by cross hybridization in grape development programs. The completion of the grape genome sequencing project provided the way to discover the novel genes and to analyze their functions. Comparative genomics, transcriptomic analysis, and the genome-wide identification and analysis of useful genes as well as development of molecular marker for valuable traits could provide novel insights into fruit quality and the responses to diseases and stresses, and can be used as important information in molecular breeding programs for grape development.