Journal of Life Science (생명과학회지)

Korean Society of Life Science (한국생명과학회)
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Frequency of Spontaneous Polyploids in Monoembryonic Jeju Native Citrus Species and Some Mandarin Cultivars

단배성 제주 재래귤 및 만다린잡종에서 자연 발생적인 배수체의 발생 빈도

  • Chae, Chi-Won (Citrus Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Yun, Su-Hyun (Citrus Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Park, Jae-Ho (Citrus Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Min-Ju (Citrus Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Koh, Sang-Wook (Citrus Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Song, Kwan-Jeong (Faculty of Bioscience and Industry, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University) ;
  • Lee, Dong-Hun (Planning and Coordination Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 채치원 (국립원예특작과학원 감귤시험장) ;
  • 윤수현 (국립원예특작과학원 감귤시험장) ;
  • 박재호 (국립원예특작과학원 감귤시험장) ;
  • 김민주 (국립원예특작과학원 감귤시험장) ;
  • 고상욱 (국립원예특작과학원 감귤시험장) ;
  • 송관정 (제주대학교 생물산업학부) ;
  • 이동훈 (국립원예특작과학원 기획조정과)
  • Received : 2012.06.11
  • Accepted : 2012.07.27
  • Published : 2012.07.30
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Abstract

Polyploids are a potentially important germplasm source in seedless citrus breeding program. Seedlessness is one of the most promising traits of commercial mandarin breeds that mandarin triploid hybrids possess permanently. The formation of new constant triploid hybrids can be recovered through diploid species hybridization from the fusion of divalent gametes at low frequencyor intra-and inter-ploidy crosses. However, extensive breeding work based on small $F_1$ hybrid seeds developed is impossible without a very effective aseptic methodology and ploidy event. In this study, in vitro embryo culture was employed to recover natural hybrids from monoembryonic diploid, open-pollinated mandarin. Flow cytometry was used to determine ploidy level. A total of 10,289 seeds were extracted from 792 fruits having approximately 13 seeds per fruit. Average frequency of small seeds developed was 7.1%, while the average frequency of small seeds per fruit were: 8.9% for 'Clementine' 10.2% for 'Harehime' 2.6% for 'Kamja' 3.1% for 'Pyunkyool' 2.8% for 'Sadookam' and 7.0% for 'Wilking' mandarin. Average size of a perfect seed was $49.52{\pm}0.07mm^2$ ('Clementine') while the small seed measured $7.95{\pm}0.04mm^2$ ('Clementine'), which was about 1/6 smaller than the perfect seed. In total, 731 small seeds were obtained and all of them contained only one embryo per seed. The efficiency of 'Clementine' was 14 times higher than 'Wilking' and more than 109 times higher than 'Pyunkyool'. The basic information on spontaneous polyploidy provides for the hybridization of constant triploids and increases the efficiency of conventional cross.

배수체는 무핵 감귤 육종 프로그램 있어서 잠재적으로 매우 중요한 유전자원이다. 무핵성은 만다린 품종이 갖추어야 할 가장 유망한 형질 중 하나이고 3배체는 영구적으로 무핵이다. 새로운 3배체 잡종은 이종속간 배수체의 교배 또는 저빈도의 2배성 배우체 형성과 합성 같은 행동에 기인된 2배체 이종간 교배로도 이룰 수 있다. 그러나 소립의 $F_1$ 합성 종자로 발달된 이 같은 형태에 기초한 육종은 효과적인 무균적 배 적출 및 배양법 없이는 불가능하다. 본 연구에서, 무균의 배배양을 이용하여 단배의 2배체 제주 재래귤과 만다린잡종에서 방임 수분되어 자연적으로 발생한 소립종자로부터 유묘를 얻었고 배수 검정기를 이용하여 배수 정도를 검정하여 다양한 수준의 배수체를 획득하였다. 총 792 과실을 이용하여 10,289 개의 획득된 종자를 분석하여 과실당 평균 13개의 종자가 함유됨을 알 수 있었다. 정상종자와 유사한 형태로 발달된 소립종자의 과실 내 평균 함유율은 7.1%였다. 과실당 소립종자의 평균 출현 빈도는 '클레멘타인', '하레히메', '감자', '편귤', '사두감' 그리고 '윌킹' 순으로 각각 8.9, 10.2, 2.6, 3.1, 2.8, 그리고 7.0%였다. 종자 크기가 조사된 '클레멘타인' 품종 내 정상 종자의 평균 크기는 $49.52{\pm}0.07mm^2$ 였고 반면에 소립종자는 $7.95{\pm}0.04mm^2$로 전자보다 1/6배 더 작았다. 이러한 분류 기준으로 총 731개의 소립종자를 획득하였다. 이들 소립종자 중 일부는 무균의 배 배양이 수행되었고 기내 발아되어 회복된 모든 개체들은 단 하나의 배가 확인되었고 건전하게 발육하였다. 3배체 발생 빈도 비교에 있어서, '클레멘타인'은 '윌킹'과 제주 재래귤인 '편귤' 품종에 비해 각각 14배와 109배 높게 나타난 바 전자는 3배체 발생이 높음을 알 수 있었다. 자연 발생적인 배수체에 관한 기초 정보는 무핵 감귤 개발을 위해 3배체 고정종 합성에 활용될 수 있으며 그 효율 증진에도 기여할 것이라 여겨진다.

Keywords

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