• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.333-345
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• 2007

As analyzed the estimated values of the daily delivery loads from thirteen major side streams such as Naesung-river, Keumho-river, Hwang-river, Nam-river during five years (from 1999 to 2003), the daily BOD inflow into the main stream of Nakdong river in 2003 shows the highest quantity as 31.1 ton and the daily BOD inflows in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002 are 26.7 ton, 22.5 ton, 21.0 ton, 25.8 ton, respectively. The daily TN in-flow into the main stream of Nakdong river in 2003 shows also the highest quantity as 64.9 ton and the daily TN inflows in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002 are 55.19 ton, 46.27 ton, 39.5 ton, 53.38 ton, respectively. The daily TP inflow into the main stream of Nakdong river in 2003 shows the highest quantity as 2.70 ton likewise and the daily TP inflows in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002 are 2.17 ton, 1.87 ton, 1.60 ton, 2.10 ton, respectively The rate of BOD loads from each side main stream into the main stream of Nakdong river shows that the BOD loads of Keumho-river are the highest as the values range from 32.8 % (2002) ${\sim}$ 35.1 % (2003) and the BOD loads of Nam-river, Naesung-river, Hwang-river are high in the order named. The rate of TN loads to the main stream is also similar to the trend of BOD loads. The contribution of the TN loads of Geumho-river to the contamination of the main stream is also the highest having a range from 27.0 % (2002) to 28.8 % (1999) among the main side streams and the TN loads of Naesung-river, Nam-river, and Heachun-river are high in the order named. The rate of TP loads is quite different from the trend of BOD and TN loads. The TP rate of Keumho-river, however, is still the highest as ranging 58.6 % (2002) to 61.7 % (2003) and the river has the biggest portion (over 50%) of the entire pollution to the main stream of Nakdong river.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.6-7
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• 1999

The water quality at Mankyeong River was surveyed 13 sites of main stream for 6 months from April to September in 1995 and 1997. The monthly average value of $NH_4-N$, $SO_4^{2-}$ and $Cl^-$ showed the highest peak in April while that of $NO_3-N$ showed the highest peak in August. The monthly average value of COD showed the highest peak in September at high temperature season. Concentrations of $NH_4-N$ and $SO_4^{2-}$ in Mankyeong River stream exceeded the standard water quality criteria in many sites. The water quality of Mankyeong River stream was not suitable for the irrigation source excepted the sites such as Hari, Gosan stream and Soyang stream. The floodgate of Mokcheon, Yocheon, Jeonju and Samcheon stream were rapidly polluted by the sewage of city, otherwise the Iksan stream was rapidly polluted by the sewage of swine. The sum of ionic concentrations in Mankyeong River stream was the highest at floodgate of Yocheon by influence of the sewage from city and industry. The order of the major anions and cations concentration in Mankyeong River stream were $SO_4^{2-}$ > $Cl^-$ > $NO_3-N$ > $SO_4^{3-}$ and $Na^+$ > $Ca^{2+}$ > $NH_4^+$ > $Mg^{2+}$ > $K^+$, respectively.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.302-313
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• 2014

모래형 하천과 자갈형 하천의 어류군집 특성을 비교하기 위해 4개의 하천을 선정하여 계절별 조사를 실시하였으며, 출현한 어종 중 한국고유종은 Acheilognathus gracilis 외 24종으로 확인되었다. 홍천강과 무주남대천의 우점종은 Zacco koreanus로 각각 39.9%, 28.4%를 차지하였으며, 양화천은 Rhodeus notatus가 13.6%, 갑천은 Z. platypus가 26.0%로 우점하였다. 군집분석 결과 우점도지수는 0.27~0.63, 다양도지수는 1.92~2.67, 균등도지수는 0.6~0.79, 풍부도지수는 3.09~3.53의 범위로 나타났으며, 우점도지수는 홍천강에서 가장 높고, 다양도, 균등도, 풍부도지수는 양화천에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 내성도 길드 분석 결과 하상구조물이 다양한 홍천강과 무주남대천은 민감종이 각각 50.1%와 46.4%로 비교적 높은 비율을 차지하였고, 모래 하상이 높은 양화천과 갑천은 민감종이 각각 0.5%와 5.3%의 희소한 비율을 차지하였다. 하천별 출현한 어류의 종별 개체수와 하상구조를 이용하여 유사도를 분석한 결과 자갈형 하천인 홍천강과 무주남대천이 종과 개체수는 50.4%, 하상구조는 95.2%로 가장 유사하였다. IBI 분석결과 홍천강과 무주남대천이 'A등급', 양화천과 갑천이 'B등급'으로 나타났고, 주성분 분석결과 자갈형 하천과 모래형 하천의 2개의 그룹으로 구분되었다.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2011

RV-GIUH는 Horton의 차수법칙을 따르는 유역에 대하여 유도되었으며, 소유역의 출구부분, 또는 대상유역의 최고차 하천이 본류에 합류하는 지점에서 RV-GIUH를 적용하여 단위도를 산정하는 것이 바람직하다. 그러나 현실적으로는 유출량 산정지점이 다양한 지점에서 결정되며, 이런 지점들은 반드시 소유역의 출구부분과 일치하지는 않는다. 따라서 실무적인 필요에 의하여 결정된 유출량 산정지점에서 RV-GIUH를 적용하기 위한 최소한의 가이드라인이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 미계측 유역에 RVGIUH를 적용하는데 있어 유역 출구를 적절하게 결정하기 위한 기준을 제시하고자 하였다. 평창강의 상안미 유역의 출구지점으로부터 상류로 이동하며 유출량 산정지점을 선정하였으며, 각 소유역에 대하여 RV-GIUH 유도식과 간략식을 사용하여 단위도를 산정하고 소유역의 출구에서 산정한 단위도와 비교하였다. 그 결과 상류로 이동할수록 단위도의 첨두가 증가하는 양상을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 길이비의 왜곡에 의한 총 유하길이의 차이 때문에 발생하는 오차이다. 이러한 오차를 피하기 위해서는 최고차 하천의 시작지점에서 총 길이의 60% 지점보다 하류에서 단위도를 산정해야 할 것으로 분석되었다. RV-GIUH를 좀 더 다양한 지점에 적용할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 총 유하길이의 차이를 보정할 수 있는 보정식을 제안하였다. 제안된 보정식을 사용하면, 최고차 하천의 시작지점에서 총 길이의 20% 지점부터 RV-GIUH를 적용할 수 있는 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구를 통하여 RV-GIUH를 적용성 및 정확성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.14-24
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• 1993

The present study was accomplished from October, 1992 to June, 1993 in order to examine the seasonal community structure of aquatic insects and the biological estimation of water quality by the aquatic insects of the Jungneung and Gokneung streams in the Mt. Bukhan. The obtained results are as follows: 1. The total taxa of aquatic insects appeared as 77 species, 45 genera, 28 families in 7 orders. 2. Seasonal occurrence species numbers showed the highest in the autumn of the Jungneung stream (19 species) and in the spring of the Gokneung stream (41 species). Seasonal occurrence individual numbers showed the highest in the summer of the Jungneung and Gokneung streams (5,901, 3,180 individuals) and the lowest in the autumn of Jungneung stream (612 individuals) and in the winter of the Gokneung stream (1,764 individuals). 3. Annual dominance indices showed 0.52 (stJ1)~1.00 (st.J3) range in the Jungneung stream, and 0.47 (st. G1)~0.76 (G2) range in the Gokneung stream. 4. Seasonal species diversity indices showed 0.00 (st J3, whole seasons)~3.12 (st.J1, Spring) range in the Jungneung stream and 0.69 (st. G2, summer) ~3.10 (st. G4, spring) in the Gokneung stream. 5. Biological saprobic system based on species diversity indices of aquatic insects appeared as oligosaprobic area: site J3, $\alpha$-mesosaprobic area: site J2, G2, G3 and $\beta$-mesosaprobic area: site J1, G1, G4.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.185-196
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• 2010

The distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in Daecheon stream, an urban stream of Busan, was investigated to analyze the community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates. The collection was performed monthly at five(A~E) sites divided into three parts, upper, middle and lower, of stream from January to November, 2004. In physicochemical analysis of environmental factors, water quality parameters such as BOD, COD, conductivity and ABS were relatively increased in sites B and C. Whereas sites A, D and E showed little variations with good water quality parameters. However, water quality parameters in all surveyed sites showed gradual decrease with time toward improvement of water quality. A total of 8,226 individuals including 4 phyla, 6 classes, 9 orders, 302 families and 44 species were identified from five sites. The most dominant group was insect(class Insecta), and order Ephemeroptera and Diptera among insect was the largest member in species(30.6%) and individuals(75.0%) of benthic macroinvertebrates, respectively. The primary dominant species were Gammarus sp. and Ephemera strigata in site A, whereas Chironomus sp. and Brenchiura sowerbyi were dominated commonly in the other sites. In community analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates of Daecheon stream diversity index showed relatively low values, whereas dominance index was significantly high. Diversity index was the highest in site A, whereas the dominance index was the highest in site B. However, diversity index showed gradual increase with time showing adverse mode in dominance index. From these results, it can be suggested that long-term ecological monitoring of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna is needed for sustainable management of Daecheon stream.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.216-225
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• 2017

We assessed the microhabitat conditions of three fish species (black shinner Pseudopungtungia nigra, striped shinner Pungtungia herzi, Korean shinner Coreoleuciscus splendidus) considering various stream order in the Geumgang River Basin. A total of 1,275 individuals were collected from 19 sites. And the microhabitat condition was assessed measuring flow velocity, water depth and substrate size at each site. The highest relative frequencies for P. herzi, C. splendidus and P. nigra were calculated 100% (n = 310), 78.9% (n = 784) and 47.3% (n = 181) respectively. P. herzi appeared in all streams, irrespective of their stream order; however, appearance in streams with the $2^{nd}$ order or lower was found to be scarcer than in the ones with the $3^{rd}$ order or higher. On the other hand, P. nigra and C. splendidus didn't appear in streams with the $2^{nd}$ order or lower. When it comes to P. nigra, the ones with 7 to 8 cm in length most frequently appeared. They inhabited streams, mainly, with 0.2 to $0.4m\;s^{-1}$ and 0.5 m in velocity and water depth, respectively. The three species all preferred runs as types of habitats with lots of coarse gravels-cobbles. P. herzi, the ones with 5 cm or shorter in length most frequently appeared. They inhabited streams, mainly, with 0 to $0.3m\;s^{-1}$ and 0.4 m in velocity and water depth, respectively. C. splendidus with 7 to 8 cm in length occupied the majority of them. They appeared in streams, mainly, with $0.9m\;s^{-1}$or higher and 0.3 m in velocity and water depth.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.19-35
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• 1997

본 연구는 최근 지리학에서 많이 이용되고 있는 GIS를 지형분석에 적응하기 위하여 한반도의 남해안에 위치하는 거제도를 해상으로 지형 및 하계망의 특성 및 지질과 지형, 지질과 하계망, 지형과 하계망과의 관련성을 GIS를 이용하여 분석한 것으로 상용 Data인 DTED와 지형도상의 Data를 같이 사용하고 이를 비교하여 봄으로써 장차 지형분석에 GIS의 이용 가능성과 DTED를 이용한 지형 및 하계분석의 가능성을 평가하고자 한다. 거제도의 자연 환경을 지형도 Data와 DTED를 이용 GIS Tool로 분석하여 그 결과를 비교한 결과 GIS Tool로 지형분석에는 문제가 없었으나 GIS자체가 지형분석을 위해 만들어진 Tool이 아니기 때문에 방법상의 문제가 제기되었다. 또한 지형도상의 Data와 DTED의 분석결과를 비교한 결과 DTED가 지형도 Data에 비해 정밀도가 떨어지고 좌표상의 오차가 발생하였다. 이러한 문제가 있기는 하나 접근이 불가능한 지역이나 넓은 지역을 대상으로 한 분석에서는 DTED가 유용한 자료로 사용될 수 있다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.235-244
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to offer information about the current river conditions and basic data of streams in Busan city, by selecting 20 underground streams and evaluating their multilateral stream assessment. Concerning the evaluation of streams, 4 sections including the general index, the bank index, the river characteristic index, and the ecological environment characteristic index were evaluated. Ahead of the evaluation, the study divided Busan city into 4 zone for a systematic river investigation. Then, the study allocated code names to each river, and conducted literature research and a field survey of streams. Based on this, the study applied the evaluation of multilateral stream assessment. As a result, out of 4 entire grades, there was no grade 1 or grade 2. Instead, 35% were grade 3, 60% were grade 4, and 5% were grade 5. When looking into the evaluation results by Zone, the Dongbusan Zone showed the highest index, and the Suyeonggang Zone, the Jungbusan Zone, and the Nakdonggang Zone followed, in order.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.155-160
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• 1994

A study of stream pollution caused by construction of the Industrial Complex in Agricultural Area of Chung Chong Nam Do were descrived here. The five main results of this studies are summerized. First, since 1988, among the companies moved in the industrial complex area, the number of electric and electronic companies have increased compared with food companies requiring much BOD. This Is very desirable to reduce the water pollution. Second, the average Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD) of Masan stream was the highest and it was decreased in the order of Yudug, Jo and Jungan stream. Third, although the concentration of heavy metals such as Cd and C $r^{6+}$ are not off the limit and the amount of it is small, it is desirable to introduce a chemical process to remove these metals. Fourth, since the wastewater from industrial complex area is the major factor in stream pollution, the laws associated with environmental protection should be enforced even then if the Industrial complex area with food and chemical companies produce wastewater less than 500ton/day. Fifth, it is required to improve a facilities which separete living wastewater from inderstrial wastewater In Kaya-gok and Nojang industrial complex areas.