• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.76.1-76.14
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• 2022

Background: Clinical dexamethasone (DEX) treatment or stress in bovines results in extensive physiological changes with prominent hyperglycemia and neutrophils dysfunction. Objectives: To elucidate the effects of DEX treatment in vivo on cellular energy status and the underlying mechanism in circulating neutrophils. Methods: We selected eight-month-old male bovines and injected DEX for 3 consecutive days (1 time/d). The levels of glucose, total protein (TP), total cholesterol (TC), and the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in blood were examined, and we then detected glycogen and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, phosphofructosekinase-1 (PFK1) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity, glucose transporter (GLUT)1, GLUT4, sodium/glucose cotransporter (SGLT)1 and citrate synthase (CS) protein expression and autophagy levels in circulating neutrophils. Results: DEX injection markedly increased blood glucose, TP and TC levels, the Ca²⁺/P⁵⁺ ratio and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and significantly decreased blood IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels. Particularly in neutrophils, DEX injection inhibited p65-NFκB activation and elevated glycogen and ATP contents and SGLT1, GLUT1 and GR expression while inhibiting PFK1 activity, enhancing G6PDH activity and CS expression and lowering cell autophagy levels. Conclusions: DEX induced neutrophils glucose uptake by enhancing SGLT1 and GLUT1 expression and the transformation of energy metabolism from glycolysis to pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)-tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. This finding gives us a new perspective on deeper understanding of clinical anti-inflammatory effects of DEX on bovine.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2012

The inhibitory activities of a water extract of Sanghwang mushroom(Phellinus linteusau)(SWE) against ${\alpha}$-glucosidases were evaluated in this study. Inhibiting these enzymes involved in the absorption of disaccharides significantly decreases the postprandial increase in blood glucose level after a mixed carbohydrate diet. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl scavenging activities of the SWE were evaluated to investigate the antioxidant activity of the SWE associated with complications of long-term diabetes. Furthermore, the postprandial blood glucose lowering effect of SWE was compared to a known type 2 diabetes drug($Acarbose^{(R)}$) in a Sprague-Dawley rat model. SWE significantly reduced the blood glucose increase after sucrose loading. These results suggest that SWE, which has high ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity and high antioxidant activities, has the potential to contribute to a useful dietary strategy for controlling postprandial hyperglycemia.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.74-78
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• 2004

Paecilomyces tenuipes, a caterpillar fungus, contains many health-promoting ingredients. Recent reports indicate that consumption of P. tenuipes helps reducing blood sugar content for diabetes. Mechanism for reduction in the circulatory sugar content, however, still remains least understood. Methanolic extraction of P. tenuipes (MPT) was prepared and acetoxyscirpendiol (ASD) was subsequently purified limn MPT. Glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) was expressed in the Xenopus oocytes and the effect of MPT or ASD on the expressed GLUT-1 was analyzed according to the uptake of 2-dideoxy-D-glucose (2-DOG). MPT was shown to inhibit GLUT-1 activity significant1y compared to the non-treated control. In the presence of ASD and its derivatives, GLUT-1 activity was greatly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Among ASD and its derivatives, AS-1 showed most significant inhibition. Taken together, these results strongly indicate that ASD in P. tenuipes may serve as a functional substance in lowering blood sugar in the circulatory system. ASD and its derivatives can be utilized as inhibitors of GLUT-1.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1188-1194
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• 2005

Streptozotocin으로 당뇨를 유발시킨 생쥐에서 fructan(치커리이뉼린과 치커리이뉼린올리고당, 프럭토올리고당)이 혈당, 인슐린과 소장 및 신장의 이당류분해효소 활성 및 면역능에 미 치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 혈당은 당뇨군들이 정상군보다 유의하게 높았으며, 치커리이뉼린군의 혈당이 당뇨대조군에 비하여 유의하게 낮았다. Fructan은 혈장 인슐린 농도에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 소장점막의 maltase와 sucrase활성은 당뇨군들이 정상군에 비하여 유의적으로 높았으나, 당뇨군 중에서 치커리이뉼린군이 가장 낮은 경향을 보였다. 신장 maltase 활성은 정상군과 당뇨군이 유사한 수준이었으나, 신장 sucrase와 lactase 활성은 정상군에 비하여 당뇨군에서 유의하게 높은 수준을 보였으며, 치커리이뉼린군이 당뇨대조군에 비하여 유의하게 낮은 수준을 보였다. LPS에 의한 비장세포증식에서는 당뇨대조군에 비하여 치커리이뉼린올리고당군이 유의 적으로 증가하여 정상군과 비슷한 수준을 보였다. ConA에의한 비장세포증식은 군간 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나 LPS에 의한 증식 결과와 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 비장세포로부터의 IL-2의 분비는 당뇨군들이 정상군에 비하여 낮았으나, 당뇨군간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 당뇨 생쥐에서 프럭토올리고당, 치커리이뉼린올리고당, 치커리이뉼린을 비교한 결과, 혈당 강하에 미치는 효과가 치커리이뉼린에서 유의하게 나타났으며, 비장세포 증식능은 정상군에 비하여 당뇨군에서 감소하는 경향을 보였으나, 치커리이뉼린올리고당 섭취군이 당뇨대조군에 비해 비장세포 증식능이 유의하게 증가하여 면역능이 개선되는 효과를 보였다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.250-256
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• 2004

Cordyceps possesses numerous health-promoting ingredients including hypoglycemic agents. The mechanism for the reduction of circulatory sugar content, however, is still not fully understand. In this study, 4-beta acetoxyscirpendiol (ASD) was purified from the methanolic extracts from fruiting bodies of Paecilomyces tenuipes. Na+/Glucose transporter-1 (SGLT-1) was expressed in the Xenopus oocytes. The effect of ASD on the oocyte expressed SGLT-1 was analyzed utilizing the voltage clamp and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DOG) uptake studies. ASD was shown to significantly inhibit SGLT-1 activity compared to the non-treated control in a dose- dependent manner. In the presense of its two derivatives (diacetoxyscirpenol or 15-acetoxyscirpendiol), SGLT-1 activity was greatly inhibited similarly as ASD. Between ASD derivatives, 15-acetoxyscirepenol showed inhibition equivalent to that of ASD while diacetoxyscirpenol did less degree of inhibition. Insummary , these results strongly indicate that ASD in P. tenuipes may serve as a functional substance in lowering blood sugar in the circulatory system. ASD and its derivatives can be utilized as inhibitors of SGLT-1.

• 생약학회지
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• 제32권3호통권126호
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• pp.248-252
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• 2001

The present study was undertaken to elucidate the hypoglycemic effect and inhibitory effect of Cudrania tricuspidata root bark on aldose reductase activity. C. tricuspidata MeOH ext. 1,000 mg/kg showed a significant blood glucose lowering effect on alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats and increasing body weight. C. tricuspidata MeOH ext. showed a potent inhibitory effect on bovine lens aldose reductase.

• 생약학회지
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• 제32권4호통권127호
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• pp.327-329
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• 2001

Cordyceps militaris (CM) has been used as a tonics in the traditional medicine. To investigate the anti-diabetic principle of CM, activity guided fractionation was conducted. Hot water extract of CM was fractionated into 3 parts: above 100,000(A), $100,000{\sim}20,000(B)$, below 20,000(C) in molecular weight using in membrane filter system. All fractions showed mild hypoglycemic activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by oral administration (300 mg/kg). The fraction C which was most active among them was fractionated again into two parts, C-1 and C-2 by Sephadex LH 20 column chromatography. The fraction C-1 showed hypoglycemic activity but C-2 did not show activity compared with control in STZ mice. In glucose-fed hyperglycemic mice, fraction C, C-1 and C-2 also showed significant glucose lowering activity. Their decreasing rates of plasma glucose level after 1 hours administrations of fraction C, C-1 and C-2 were 24.5%, 29.3% and 22.0%, respectively (Tolbutamide: 48.4%). These results suggested that CM has both insulin like and insulin release promoting activity and could be developed as an antidiabetic agent.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2004

The current study examined the effects of freeze-dried mulberry fruit on disaccharidase activity in the small intestine and the lowering of blood glucose in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to one normal and three streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic groups. The diabetic groups were fed a mulberry fruit-free diet (DM-group), 0.3% mulberry fruit diet (DM-F group) or 0.6% mulberry fruit diet (DM-2F group). After they were fed the experimental diets for three weeks, diabetes was induced with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 50 mg/kg b.w before sacrificing 9 days later using the same experimental treatments. Analyses of anthocyanins, flavonoid and 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) of lyophilized mulberry fruit were carried out and the major anthocyanins were rutin (142.5 mg), isoquercitrin (10.3 mg), quercetin (5.8 mg), morin (1.6 mg) dihydroquercetin (3.83 mg), cy-3-O-glucopyranoside (230.45 mg) and cy-3-O-rutinoside (131.5 mg) on the basis of 100 g dry weight. Total DNJ content was 2.39 mg/g dry weight of lyophilized mulberry fruit. Blood glucose level decreased in the diabetic mts fed the mulberry fruit supplement. The content of the liver glycogen increased in the diabetic mts fed the mulberry fruit supplement. Disaccharidase activity in the proximal part of the intestine, such as that of maltase, sucrase and lactase in the mulberry fruit supplementation groups, were lower than that of the DM group. These results suggest that mulberry fruit possess a suppressive effect on hyperglycemia, possibly by inhibiting the activity of disaccharidase in the small intestine of rats.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.487-492
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• 2005

The baculovirus/insect cell expression system is of great value in the study of structure-function relationships in mammalian glucose-transport proteins by site-directed mutagenesis and for the large-scale production of these proteins for mechanistic and biochemical studies. Spodoptera frugiperda Clone 21 (Sf2l) cells grow well on TC-100 medium that contains $0.1\%$ D-glucose as the major carbon source, strongly suggesting the presence of endogenous glucose transporters. However, very little is known about the properties of the endogenous sugar transporter(s) in Sf2l cells, although a saturable transport system for hexose uptake has been previously revealed in the Sf cells. In order to further examine the substrate and inhibitor recognition properties of the Sf2l cell transporter, the ability of hexoses to inhibit 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2dGlc) transport was investigated by measuring inhibition constants $(K_i)$. The $K_i's$ for reversible inhibitors were determined from plots of uptake versus inhibitor concentration. Transport was effectively inhibited by D-mannose and D-glucose. Of the hexoses tested, L-glucose had the least effect on 2dGlc transport in the Sf2l cells, indicating that the transport is stereoselective. Unlike the human HepG2 type glucose transport system, D-mannose had a somewhat greater affinity for the Sf2l cell transporter than D-glucose, implying that the hydroxyl group at the C-2 position is not necessary for strong binding. However, epimerization at the C-4 position of D-glucose (D-galactose) resulted in a dramatic decrease in affinity of the hexose for the Sf2l cell transporter. Such a lowering of affinity might be the result of the involvement of the C-4 hydroxyl in hydrogen bonding. It is therefore suggested that Sf2l cells were found to contain an endogenous sugar transport activity that in several aspects resembles the human HepG2 type glucose transporter, although the insect and human transporters do differ in their affinity for cytochalasin B.

• 생약학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.228-232
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• 2008

Antidiabetic effects of an aqueous and solvent extract prepared from the root, stem and fruit parts of Acanthopanax senticosus, were investigated in experimental Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats model. The n-butanol and water extracts of A. senticosus were orally administrated once a day for 6 days. The n-butanol extracts of fruit (FB) showed highest efficiency than other groups (water extracts of stem, root and fruit; butanol extracts of stem, root) on serum glucose values in the STZ-induced diabetic rats. We have studied gene expression of glucose transporter genes in C2C12 skeletal muscle cell line during differentiation treated by the n-butanol and water extracts of A. senticosus, SW, RW, FW, SB, RB and FB. The GLUT4 gene was high expressed by FB treatment. These findings suggest that FB of A. senticosus have GLUT4 gene expression activity for glucose homeostasis and may have beneficial effects on blood glucose lowering in the diabetic patients.