• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.451-455
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• 2011

Proximate compositions, fatty acid profiles, and total amino acid compositions of the muscle and liver of Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides were studied. Lipid contents of the muscle and liver of the fish were 22.3% and 35.3%, respectively. Protein content was higher in the fish muscle (12.8%) than in the liver (8.7%). Moisture content was also higher in the muscle (63.6%) than in the liver (49.8%). The prominent fatty acids in the total lipids of the fish muscle and liver were 18:1n-9, 16:0, 20:1n-9, 16:1n-7, 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), 18:1n-7, 22:1n-11, 18:0, and 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA). The fish muscle and liver contained approximately 1,000 to 2,500 mg of DHA and 400 to 600 mg of EPA per 100 g of tissue. Therefore, the fish muscle and liver are good sources of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. On the other hand, the total amino acid content of the fish was 11.7 g/100 g muscle and 6.53 g/100 g liver. The prominent total amino acids profiles in the fish muscle and liver were glutamic acid, lysine, aspartic acid, leucine, and alanine, which are similar to those in other fishes.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 1992

We analysed 398 kinds of processed foods sold on market - 43 kinds of ramyun, 67 kinds of bread, 104 kinds of cookies, 5 kinds of pizza, 28 kinds of sausage, 31 kinds of steamed fish cake, 4 kinds of tomato ketchup, 30 kinds of canned goods, 82 kinds of beverage and 4 kinds of danmoogi- to know mineral content such as p, Ca, Mg, Na and K. We used atomic absorption spectrophotometry for this study and the results were as follows; 1) P content was 204.24mg% in sausages, 101.80mg% in pizza, 671mg% in canned fish, 44.50mg in canned vegetable, 38.62 mg% in ramyun and 32.10mg% in steamed fish cake. Sausage had the highest P content showing almost 6 times as much as steamed fish cake. There was little difference between ramyun and steamed fish cake. 2) Ca content was 115.00 mg% in pizza, 106.94 mg% in steamed fish cake, 100.59 mg% in sausage, 91.25 mg% in canned vegetable, 79.84 mg% in bread and 78.97 mg% in ramyun, 3) Mg content was 555.16 mg% in steamed fish cake, 476.14 mg% in cookies, 436.75mg% in ketchup, 394.00mg% in canned vegetables 346.95mg% in ramyun and 341.40mg% in canned fish. Steamed fish cake was highest in Mg content and there was little difference between ramyun and canned fish. 4) Na content was 730.49mg% in ramyun, 680.25 mg% in danmoogi, 548.43 mg% sausage, 463.50mg% in canned vegetable, 449.25 mg% in ketchup, 401.29 mg% in steamed fish cake and 366.00 mg% in pizza. Ramyun had the highest Na content 5) K content was 302.30 mg% in pizza, 280.25 mg% in ketchup, 219.68 mg% in sausage, 219.2 mg% in canned fish, 183.75 mg% in canned vegetable, 166.49 mg% in ramyun and 122.77 mg% in cookies. Pizza had the highest K content.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2008

To improve the utilization of fish processing by-products, fish oils were extracted from hoki, yellowfin sole, mackerel, and horse mackerel, and their compositions were examined. The proximate compositions obtained for these 4 species of by-product revealed they were composed of 68.1$\sim$78.1% moisture, 1.2$\sim$1.6% ash, and 13.8$\sim$18.8% protein. Fish oils extracted from the hoki, yellowfin sole, mackerel, and horse mackerel were 5.5, 9.4, 13.4, and 10.3%, respectively. The total lipids extracted from the by-products of the 4 species were 6.21, 10.43, 12.81 and 10.06%, of which neutral lipids accounted for 77.38, 77.46, 87.21 and 86.79%, respectively. Neutral lipid analysis by TLC showed that triacylglycerol was the major component, while 1,3- and 1,2-diacylglycerols, free fatty acids, free sterols, and sterol esters were present as minor components. The major fatty acids were palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid. DHA and EPA were contained at levels of 0.2$\sim$4.7% and 3.7$\sim$9.5%, respectively, in the 4 types of fish oil. The fish oils extracted from the dark muscle fish, mackerel and horse mackerel, had greater polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents than those of the white muscle fish species, hoki and yellowfin sole.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.843-849
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the effect of n-3 fatty acids and dietary protein levels on renal function. Fifteen-month old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 diet groups. Two-month old rats were used as a control group. The experimental diets contained either a% or 25% casein and lipid levels of the diets were 20% by weight. For the control group, the lipid was composed of beef tallow and corn oil on a 1:1 basis, and fish oil was comprised 75% of the fat mixture for the fish oil group. Rats were fed the diets ad libitum for 8 weeks. GFR and urinary protein excretion were higher in high protein groups, while fish oil exhibited no effects. Renal medulla TXB$_2$and PGE$_2$ concentrations tended to be higher in high protein groups and lower in fish oil groups. Light microscopic examinations showed that glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, tubular cast, interstitial inflammation and interstitial fibrosis fended to be higher in aged rats and in high protein groups and lower in fish oil groups. Serum levels of total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol were higher in aged rats and lower in fish oil groups while serum HDL-cholesterol level was higher in young rats and in fish oil groups. However, dietary protein level had no effect on serum lipid levels. Serum TBARS concentration was higher in aged rats and in fish oil groups. In conclusion, fish oil caused changes in serum lipid concentrations and eicosanoids metabolism. The effect of fish oil on renal function was less obvious than dietary protein. However, fish oil seemed to be effective in lessening deterioration of renal function due to aging and/or high protein diets through changes in lipid and eicosanoids metabolism.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.177-187
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• 1996

We studied the effects of fish oil supplementation with low does on the lipid concentration and fatty acid of plasma and the fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipid and erythrocyte of lactating women. The subjects, 18 lactating women, who were exclusively breast-fed their babies were classifed into a control group and 2 fish oil groups according to dose; the subjects of fish oil groups were supplemented with 1.96g/d or 3.92g/d of fish oil, respectively for 2 weeks from 10 to 12 weeks postpartum. All subjects consumed their usual diet at home. Blood sample were collected at the final day of experiment. The plasma HDL-cholesterol level increased significantly by fish oil supplementation. The concentrations of DHA (docesahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) in the plasma PC(phosphatidylcholine) and PE (phosphatidylethanolamine)of fish oil groups tended to increase, but not significant. However, the concentrations of DHA and EPA of PC and PE in erythrocyte were not affected by fish oil supplementation. These results demonstrate that fish oil supplementation with low dose does not change the concentration of plasma lipid as well as fatty acid composition in plasma PC and PE and red blood cell obviously. However the increase of plasma HDL-cholesterol level, the reduction of atherogenic index(AI) and the tendency of increase of DHA and EPA concentrations in plasma PC and PE indicate that there may be some beneficial effects on maternal lipid metabolism if fish oil intakes were increased.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.455-462
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• 2003

Biotechnological research and development are moving at a very fast rate. The subject has assumed greatest importance in recent years in the development of agriculture and human health. The science of biotechnology has endowed us with new tools and tremendous power to create novel genes and genotypes of plants, animals and fish. The application of biotechnology in the fisheries sector is a relatively recent practice. Nevertheless, it is a promising area to enhance fish production. The increased application of biotechnological tools can certainly revolutionise our fish farming besides its role in biodiversity conservation. The paper briefly reports the current progress and thrust areas in the use of synthetic hormones in fish breeding, production of monosex, uniparental and polyploid individuals, molecular biology and transgenesis, biotechnology in aquaculture nutrition and health management, gene banking and the marine natural products.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.122-128
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• 1988

This nutritional survey was conducted from September 17 to October 6, 1984, in order to investigate the state of the nutritional intakes of perple living Gapoe-Dong, coastal area of Korea. This survey covered a total of forty houses. The method of this research was based on the interiview-survey with questinaires. All of the food taken daily by the people are all weighed before cooking ; the rest of food after mealing are also weighed. Thus the amount of food taken by people can be come out. The results were summarized as follows; 1) The average intake of all nutrients were below the RDA, especially calorie, vitamin B2, calcium and iron were insufficient. The protein intake was only 55.2g but the contribution of animal protein to total protein was adequate(38%). It was provided mostly by fish and shell-fish. 2) Chief food sources were rice, vegetables, fish and shell-fish, and milk, eggs, oil, potato, and fruits were insufficient. 3) The level of education and the number of family were significantly correlated to the nutrientintake, especially correlation between family-size and colorie, calcium intake were significant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.851-859
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• 1997

This study was perfomed to investigate the contamination level of harmful heavy metals and the level of trace elements in 15 kinds of fish collected at the western coast in Korea from July to December in 1996. The levels of total lead, cadmium, mercury, iron, copper and zinc were determined and the results were summarized as follows: The minimum and maximum values(ppm) of fish, mean value bracketed, were ; Pb : 0.02~4.80(2.26), Cd: 0.001~0.54(0.04), Hg: 0.007~1.08(0.52), Fe: 7.76~66.39(25.70), Cu; 0.37~121.6(1.90), Zn:12.01~112.10(54.78). The results show that mean contents of Pb, Cd and Hg in 15 species fish were not yet dangerous levels enough to cause a health problem. But the contents of Pb and Hg tend to increase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 1998

In order to improve the functional properties of several fish meat extracts as an alternate protein source, theri basic plastein reactions were evaluated. The UV absorption at 270 and 290 nm indicated that plasteins had higher amount of hydrophobic peptide or amino acid than the fish meat extracts. The water solubilities of the extracts were reduced at acidic pH. Values for the emulsifying capacity of the extracts and plasteins were over 30% although the latter showed the higher ones than the former. The osmolalities of the extracts at 1.0% concentration were 39(loach), 33(bastard halibut), 30(jacopever) and 24(crucan carp) milliosmole. Generally the slightly higher osmolalities were noted in the plasteins to be compared with the extracts. Both the extracts and plasteins exhibited a higher antioxidative effect than tocopherol. The hydrophobic amino acid which had been introduced at plastein reaction attributed the stronger antionxidative effect of its product than the extracts.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.103-106
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• 1999

Fish sauce is a liquid form of salt-fermented fish and has played an important role in Korean dietary life. Fish sauce was manufactured by utilizing Alaska pollack scrap from Himedara(seasoned and dried Alaska pollack tail) processing . In addition, the effects of squid viscera as a fermentation enhancer were also evaluate.Ph of Alaska plllack scrap sauce with squid viscera was lower than that of control over the entire fermentation process. Squid viscera acceleraged the production of amino-nitrogen, VBN , TBA and free amino acids, and the degradation of IMP and Inosine. The addition of squid viscera and koji at 5% concentration, respectively , also accelerated the digestion of Alaska pollack scrap and was similar to the results of squid viscera at 10% concentration.