• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2010

Purpose: We investigated the motivation of selecting major, the satisfaction of major and the view on occupation of emergency medical technology (EMT) students. The results of study will be used to increase the satisfaction of major of university students. Also, it can be used to support decision of major for high school students. Method: We conducted 1,586 surveys from 665 students at six four-year colleges and 921 students at seven three-year colleges. Our research period was from Aug. 27th to Oct. 31st in 2010. The surveys were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 using description statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe and Pearson correlation coefficient. Result: In our study, the motivation of selecting major is 35.8% of students selected 'good employment prospects', satisfaction of major's $M{\pm}SD$ is $3.15{\pm}.486$, adaptation of major's $M{\pm}SD$ is $3.11{\pm}.472$. The satisfaction of major show difference (t = 4.548 p = .000) by sex, also the adaptation of major show difference (t = 2.279, p = .023) by sex. The satisfaction of major show first grade students higher (F = 3.605, p = .013) than fourth grade students at four-year colleges. If satisfaction of major is high, accumulation evaluation score is high (F = 3.276, p = .011), too. Clinical practice experienced students was higher (t = -2.878, p = .004) than non experienced it satisfaction. In view of occupation, ideal job's factors and actual job's factors a lot of students selected 'aptitude'. Also, there is a statistically significant correlation (r = .618, p = .000) between the satisfaction of major and the adaptation of major. High satisfaction indicates high adaptation of major. Conclusion: In our study satisfaction of major and adaptation of major was very high score. EMT students concern about employment prospects at most. It is inferred that they select job which match with one's aptitude. We can suppose that students select major as a tool for employment by seeing result that a lot of students consider employment prospects at most when they select major. A method to improve the satisfaction and adaptation of major should be developed by realizing problems which occur the dissatisfaction of major. Also, there as on why students conflict between ideal and actual job should be revealed. There as on seems students want stable occupation in unstable job market situation. Therefore, the expansion of job matching aptitude and being stable should be processed. Finally, university should actively support the method that help to finding jobs for student by identifying job preparation of students.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2015

목적: 최근 일개 고등학교(S 고등학교)에서 유행성이하선염이 집단발병 하였기에 본 연구에서는 S 고등학교의 발생 현황을 알아보고 진단을 위해 시행한 PCR 검사의 역학적 유용성에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 방법: 2013년 4-7월 유행성이하선염이 의심되어 의료기관을 방문한 S 고등학교 학생들의 월별 분포와 학년별 수를 조사 하였고 이중 일부 학생에게 PCR 검사를 시행하였다. 결과: 총 77명이 의료기관을 방문하였고 월별로 4월 1명, 5월 17명, 6월 45명, 7월 5명, 학년별로 1학년 26명, 2학년 28명, 3학년 23명이었다. 볼점막도찰 PCR 검사를 받은 18명 중 15명은 증상 발생 3일 이내에 검체를 채취하여 그 중 5명(33.3%)이 양성이었고 나머지 3명은 3일 이후에 검체를 채취하여 모두 음성이었다(P=0.24). 결론: 본 저자들은 S 고등학교의 유행성이하선염의 집단발병 양상을 조사하였다. PCR 검사는 증상 발생 후 3일 이내 시행하면 역학 조사시 도움이 될 가능성이 있겠다.

• 한국정보컨버전스학회논문지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2008

본 연구는 대학생의 중도탈락에 대한 현황과 요인을 분석한 연구로서 D대학의 2001년부터 2005년에 입학한 학생 중에서 정원 외 전형으로 입학한 학생을 제외한 14,210명을 대상으로 하였다. 일반적 특성의 모든 항목에서 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 남학생이 여학생보다, 특별전형으로 입학한 학생이 일반전형으로 입학한 학생보다, 기타계열의 고교 출신자가 일반계 고등학교 졸업자보다 중도탈락률이 높게 나타났다. 중도탈락 학생들에 대한 분석에서는 미복학(40.16%)으로 인한 중도탈락이 가장 많았으며 다음으로 미등록(32.98%), 자퇴(25.05%), 학사제적(0.81%)으로 인한 중도탈락 순이었다. 전체 대상자의 중심경향 값에 따른 분포를 보면 학생부 성적과 결석일수는 정적편포이며 대학 성적은 부적편포로 낮은 점수를 받은 학생은 일부이고 대부분 높은 점수가 집중된 경향임을 나타내었다. 표준편차를 보면 학업지속자 보다 중도탈락자의 성적이 크게 나타나 비교적 학업지속자의 성적이 비슷한 것으로 보여 학생부성적과 결석일수 모두가 중도탈락에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 학생부성적이 낮을수록, 결석일수가 많을수록 중도탈락에 더 많은 영향을 미침을 알 수 있다. 대학 1학년1학기 성적을 제외한 나머지 성적이 낮을수록 중도탈락에 더 많은 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었고, 1학년 전체 성적이 제일 많은 영향을 미치고 다음이 1-2학기학점, 1-1학기 성적, 1-2학기성적, 그리고 1-1학기 학점 순으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 일반적 특성 항목에서는 수업년한이 제일 큰 영향을 미치고 다음이 성별이 미치며 나머지 항목들은 영향의 수준이 미미한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2002

The purpose of this study came to start to be helpful in that the teachers in field produced evaluation subject about the mathematics and applied by analyzing the performance capacity for the students about the subject developed through the application of subject about the teaching-learning model that can utilize the learners' learning experience and the development of items that can evaluate it by utilizing various and concrete operational materials as an object of the first year at the middle schools. The concrete purpose of realizing it is as follows. 1. This study is to develop the teaching-learning model centered on activities adequate to utilize various and concrete operational materials. 2. This study is to develop evaluation data for utilizing the concrete operational materials by making construction through the application of developed teaching-learning model as possible. 3. This study is to present standards initiative for reliable and fair marking about the evaluation data and to analyze the students' practice capacity by using it effectively. For accomplishing the purpose of this research, this study is the work-oriented teaching and learning model using learning data that can be easily found around the surroundings and 8 evaluation programs in order that the experience-oriented learning based on circumstances learning among the learning models of constructivism. Also, it is to examine the result after applying that on a basis of 25 students, consisted of only on class in a year, in the first year at the small size of agricultural middle schools. The result of this study from this research is as follows. First, as a result of frequency survey, of response about the developed evaluation data it showed positive response more than 80% of all the items. The atmosphere of self-directed learning was produced because the developed evaluation data could induce activity-based learning naturally by stimulating the students' curiosity and promoting interest. Second, this study executed t-test for the result of questionnaire about the mathematics propensity, and there were significant differences in 19 items among 25 items. It presented that the application of data about the teaching-learning and evaluation directly using concrete operational materials to the constructional learning by level might have desirable affect on the students' mathematical propensity. It came to be a motive that could increase value recognition and interest on the subject of mathematics by investigating a mathematical principle rule and confirming it through activity learning using the concrete operational materials.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7533-7537
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• 2014

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer type, and the leading cause of death from cancer among women in Israel. The Bedouin-Arab (BA) population in southern Israel is characterized by a high rate of consanguinity, common hereditary disorders, and transition from a semi-nomadic, traditional society to a more sedentary and urbanized society. In this hospital-based study, the demographic and the clinicopathological characteristics of BC in BA were compared with Jewish patients. Materials and Methods: 85 BA patients treated at the Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheba, during the years 2004-2012, were studied and compared with 180 consecutive Jewish patients treated during the year 2007. Clinicopathological features compared included age, menopausal state, number of births, a history of BC in first-degree relatives, tumor size (T), extent of lymph-node involvement (N), distant metastases (M), stage, grade, estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER/PR), and Her2 status. Types of treatment, relapse rate and site, as well as outcome were also studied. Cox's regression models were applied for studying disease-free, and overall survival. Results: Compared with Jewish patients, BA patients were younger (average age $49{\pm}12$ yrs vs $59{\pm}13$, p<0.001), had a lower rate of BC in first-degree relatives (p<0.001), and a larger number of births ($6{\pm}4.2$ vs $2.5{\pm}1.9$, p<0.001). BA patients had larger tumors (p=0.02), more extensive lymph-node involvement (p=0.002), and more advanced stage (p=0.003). Grade, ER, PR, and Her2 status were similar in the two ethnic groups. Relapse type was most commonly systemic in BA patients (p=0.05), and loco-regional in Jewish patients (p=0.02). Median survival was 63, and 35 months for Jewish and BA patients, respectively (log-rank test, p=0.02). In Cox multivariate analysis, stage and PR status (HR-0.14, p<0.0001; HR-3.11, p=0.046), but not ethnicity, influenced overall survival. Conclusions: BC presents a decade earlier, and with more advanced disease in BA compared with Jewish patients. Biologic parameters including grade, ER, PR, and Her2 status were similar in both groups. Although prognosis was worse in BA than in Jewish patients, it was affected only by stage and PR status, but not by ethnicity.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권
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• pp.63-94
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• 2002

On the purpose to suggest an advanced scheme in assessing the domestic wheat quality, this paper reviewed the inspection systems of wheat in major wheat producing countries as well as the quality criteria which are being used in wheat grading and classification. Most wheat producing countries are adopting both classifications of class and grade to provide an objective evaluation and an official certification to their wheat. There are two main purposes in the wheat classification. The first objectives of classification is to match the wheat with market requirements to maximize market opportunities and returns to growers. The second is to ensure that payments to glowers aye made on the basis of the quality and condition of the grain delivered. Wheat classes has been assigned based on the combination of cultivation area, seed-coat color, kernel and varietal characteristics that are distinctive. Most reputable wheat marketers also employ a similar approach, whereby varieties of a particular type are grouped together, designed by seed coat colour, grain hardness, physical dough properties, and sometimes more precise specification such as starch quality, all of which are genetically inherited characteristics. This classification in simplistic terms is the categorization of a wheat variety into a commercial type or style of wheat that is recognizable for its end use capabilities. All varieties registered in a class are required to have a similar end-use performance that the shipment be consistent in processing quality, cargo to cargo and year to year, Grain inspectors have historically determined wheat classes according to visual kernel characteristics associated with traditional wheat varieties. As well, any new wheat variety must not conflict with the visual distinguishability rule that is used to separate wheats of different classes. Some varieties may possess characteristics of two or more classes. Therefore, knowledge of distinct varietal characteristics is necessary in making class determinations. The grading system sets maximum tolerance levels for a range of characteristics that ensure functionality and freedom from deleterious factors. Tests for the grading of wheat include such factors as plumpness, soundness, cleanliness, purity of type and general condition. Plumpness is measured by test weight. Soundness is indicated by the absence or presence of musty, sour or commercially objectionable foreign odors and by the percentage of damaged kernels that ave present in the wheat. Cleanliness is measured by determining the presence of foreign material after dockage has been removed. Purity of class is measured by classification of wheats in the test sample and by limitation for admixtures of different classes of wheat. Moisture does not influence the numerical grade. However, it is determined on all shipments and reported on the official certificate. U.S. wheat is divided into eight classes based on color, kernel Hardness and varietal characteristics. The classes are Durum, Hard Red Spring, Hard Red Winter, Soft Red Winter, Hard White, soft White, Unclassed and Mixed. Among them, Hard Red Spring wheat, Durum wheat, and Soft White wheat are further divided into three subclasses, respectively. Each class or subclass is divided into five U.S. numerical grades and U.S. Sample grade. Special grades are provided to emphasize special qualities or conditions affecting the value of wheat and are added to and made a part of the grade designation. Canadian wheat is also divided into fourteen classes based on cultivation area, color, kernel hardness and varietal characteristics. The classes have 2-5 numerical grades, a feed grade and sample grades depending on class and grading tolerance. The Canadian grading system is based mainly on visual evaluation, and it works based on the kernel visual distinguishability concept. The Australian wheat is classified based on geographical and quality differentiation. The wheat grown in Australia is predominantly white grained. There are commonly up to 20 different segregations of wheat in a given season. Each variety grown is assigned a category and a growing areas. The state governments in Australia, in cooperation with the Australian Wheat Board(AWB), issue receival standards and dockage schedules annually that list grade specifications and tolerances for Australian wheat. AWB is managing "Golden Rewards" which is designed to provide pricing accuracy and market signals for Australia's grain growers. Continuous payment scales for protein content from 6 to 16% and screenings levels from 0 to 10% based on varietal classification are presented by the Golden Rewards, and the active payment scales and prices can change with market movements.movements.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.49-59
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• 1981

This is one case report of surgically treated partial atrioventricular canal. The 22 year-old male patient had no definitive history of frequent respiratory infection and cyanosis in his early childhood. Since his age of 7 years, dyspnea was manifested on exertion. First appearance of congestive heart failure was at his age of 16 years old. The physical examination revealed that the neck veins were distended and heaving of precordium. A thrill was palpable on the left 3rd-4th intercostal space extending from the sternal border toward the apex and Grade IV/VI systolic ejection murmur was audible on it. Neither cyanosis nor clubbing was noted. Liver was palpable about 5 finger breadths. Chest X-ray revealed increased pulmonary vascularity and severe cardiomegaly (C-T ratio = 74%). EKG revealed LAD, clockwise rotation, LVH and trifascicular block. Echocardiogram showed paradoxical ventricular septal movement, narrowed left ventricular outflow tract and abnormal diastolic movement of the anterior leaflet of mitral valve. Right heart catheterization resulted in large left to right shunt (Qp : Qs = 5.7: 1), ASD and moderate pulfllonary hypertension. Finally, left ventriculogram revealed typical goose neck appearance of left ventrlcalar outflow tract. On Oct. 10, 1980, open heart surgery was performed. Operative findings were: 1. Large primum defect ($6{\times}5$ Cm in diameter) 2. Cleft on the anterior leaflet of mitral valve. 3. The upper portion of ventricular septum was descent but no interventricular communication. 4. Downward attachment of the atrioventricular valves on the ventricular muscular septum. 5. Medium sized secumdum defect ($2{\times}1$ Cm in diameter). The cleft was repaired with 4 interrupted sutures. The primum defect was closed with Teflon patch and the secundum defect was closed with direct suture closure. Postoperatively atrial flutter-fibrillation in EKG and Grade U/VI apical systolic murmur were found. The postoperative course was uneventful and discharged on 29th postoperative day in good general conditions.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.166-170
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and radiologic results of the Ludloff osteotomy for moderate to severe hallux valgus deformity retrospectively. Materials and Methods: Between January 2003 and October 2006, 33 patients (42 feet) who had undergone with Ludloff osteotomy combined with distal soft tissue procedure were followed up for more than one year. The average follow-up period was 14.6 months and the average age at the time of surgery was 47.7 years (26-70 years). The American Othopeaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score was used for clinical outcome assessments. We analyzed the hallux valgus angle (HVA), the first-second intermetatarsal angle (IMA) and the degrees of the tibial sesamoid subluxation in preoperative and the last follow-up radiographs. Results: The AOFAS score improved from a preoperative average of 45.6 points to an average 84.3 points at the last follow-up. HVA and IMA were 34.8 and 14.5 degrees preoperatively, 17.2 and 5.9 degrees at the last follow-up. The tibial sesamoid position improved from a preoperative average of grade 2.5 to the last follow-up average of grade 1.2. Conclusion: Ludloff osteotomy produced satisfactory results for moderate to severe hallux valgus deformity.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.109-125
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the understanding level of the Korean traditional seasonal customs during summer (i.e. Buddha's birthday, Dano festival, Yudu festival and Chilseok) before and after the execution of a educational program concerning seasonal customs and determine if elementary school teachers recognize a need for this kind of educational program. The subjects of this study were 168 students in the 4th grade at two elementary schools (84 students each for the experiment group and the control group) and 249 teachers at the elementary schools in Yangju city. The major results of this study are as follows : First, it was shown that there is no significant difference in the understanding level of seasonal customs between the experiment group and the control group in the pre-test, but after carrying out the educational program, it was indicated that there is a statistically significant difference between the experiment group and the control group in the post-test. Second, in addition to strongly pointing out the necessity of seasonal customs education, the teachers recognized that it is desirable to teach seasonal customs to students through the discretionary activity class corresponding to the seasonal divisions in the year and that it is especially important to perform the educational activity through traditional plays and to utilize audio-visual media. Also, teachers hoped that a seasonal customs program suitable for elementary school students would be required, along with the development of instructional materials, and finally that the schools need to further develop teacher training through field inspections and practice.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.219-232
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• 2002

This study was conducted to identify the relationship between the perceived family support and mental health of middle school students and provide basic data to develop a nursing program for prevention of mental disease and mental health promotion in adolescent. The subjects for this study were 427 students in their first, second and third year of two middle school in K city. The data were collected from December 12th to 19th, 2001. The instruments used for this study were the family support scale by Kang and the mental health assessment scale was the Symptom Check List-90-R. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, ANOVA, and Duncan test with SPSS program. The results were as follows: The mean score of the perceived family support was 42.26 and the mean score of mental health was 52.24. As a subarea of mental health was analyses, the scores of obsessive-compulsive reaction and hostility were respectively higher but the scores of phobia were lower than others. Family support was significantly different according to student's grade, religion and economic status, and educational level, the relationship between them, and living in parents. the characteristic influence on the level of mental health were sex, grade, and economic status of students and the relationship between them of parents. There was a significant correlation between the perceived family support and the level of mental health was revealed a significant correlation(r=-.35(P=0.001)). In conclusion, this study was found that family support was an important factor for promoting mental health of middle school students. In order to increase mental health of middle school students effectively, family support must be increased. Efforts to promote mental health of students are required in home and school. School authorities have to search a plans like "family support-class program" as one countermeasure to increase family support. teachers have to make educational programs to promote mental health constantly with participating parents.