• Archives of design research
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.231-241
• /
• 1999

This study propose to analyze the design method and the form elements of museums, of works by Richard Meier, and through the analysis, spacial characteristics of museums will be understood. The museum works of Richard Meier, as an exhibition space, not only display the art works efficiently, but they also offer visitors the opportunity to experience the art of architecture, as a cultural space. Richard Meier, when working on the projects, has utilized the design methods and the architectural language, learned from Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier, resourcefully. Having the structural grid as basis, the rational rectangular forms were intended for exhibition space, while the circular and partial circular forms of geometry were utilized in formative space. This was able to maintain the balance between functional and formative space. In the museums of his works, the ramp and the glass wall separated from the structure become very important means of expression. The ramps, not only make people to enjoy the interior and exterior of museum, but also able them to see the works of art from different distances and angles repeatedly and the large glass wall reveals the various shapes of interior to exterior. In comparing with the design method and language of two masters mentioned, the design principles and elements, developed by Meier were applied to the site plans, exhibition space planning and elevations to manifest its originality. The design concept, derived from the urban fabric and historical buildings around, gave harmony to the museum with its surroundings, and employing the deformed axis brought variation and the effect of diversion to the site plan. The exhibition space is much vitalized by the well arrangement of various exhibition fixtures in the museum. The exhibion fixtures, which the partitions, shelves, miches, and stages were put together in flexibility, play multiple roles as partitions dividing spaces, as furniture displaying art works, and as elements creating forms. The systematically arranged fixtures, also produce several visual axes and centers, which have visitors appreciate the works of art in various perspectives, hence create a unique environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.38-47
• /
• 2013

This study was performed in order to preserve and protect the scenic sites and surrounding environment is located in the Urban Residential Area. After classifying the type of area surrounding parcels of Seongbuk-dong is located in Seongragwon, Satisfaction Survey, scenic sites designated areas for residents living near the analyzed. Research methods, Cadastral research, literature survey, field survey, and the survey was conducted. Cultural heritage awareness about the collected questionnaires of frequency analysis, and reliability analysis for cultural heritages around satisfaction, satisfaction analysis by parcel area, parcel area for the verification of specific differences regression analysis for the full-on relationship satisfaction, one-way ANOVA was conducted for each. Overall Cultural awareness analysis results, the residence is located close to the Seoul Seonjamdanji, Seongragwon, Simujang, Sanghoe Lee Tae-Joon's houses, Seoul Hanyang castle showed that cultural heritage were know unfulfilled cultural heritage. The purpose of cultural heritage visit was to break/walks. Preservation was usually level and there is no inconvenience caused as a cultural heritage. Regulatory intensity level was usually level and showed a positive reaction to the impact of cultural heritage in Seongbuk-dong image mostly. cultural heritage have a positive impact on the image of the town. but access to cultural heritage is not easy and doesn't affect the life is expected. Overall satisfaction for cultural heritages in the surrounding space, the larger the size of the lot, and higher satisfaction. Seongbuk-dong most of the residents satisfaction was higher. Small lots of residents showed low satisfaction for safety when walking at night, heritage value rise, private ownership of heritage use, harmony with surrounding environment, Building exterior, non-physical uniqueness like culture art mental. It can be interpreted that small lots of residential environment quality is low compared to the large lots, influx of residents in other regions due to the redevelopment of one of Seongbuk-dong, private ownership of heritage use. And generally lower satisfaction on the harmonization of the facility(street lights, signs, etc.). Therefore cultural heritage signs for facility expansion, cultural educational programs, will be needed to maintain the uniqueness village when scenic sites in the city center around the area of management strategy.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.40-45
• /
• 2014

The ventilation frequency of 0.5 times in residential facilities is applied mandatorily to the housing facilities containing more than 100 house units to improve the indoor air quality and create comfortable interior conditions and pleasantness for residents. The Building Energy Efficiency Rating system requires the implementation of leakage test based on ventilation frequency with the test results being reflected in the efficiency ratings, thereby stimulating the precise construction of the fittings in the periphery of windows and savings of energy that can be lost due to the infiltration air. The inspection results of the Building Energy Efficiency Rating at the site showed that the ventilation frequency was in the range between 0.63 and 0.71 and that the difference was found to have a significant effect on the amount of energy reduction. It is urgent to conduct the study on highly leakage-proof buildings and construction methods, along with the expansion of mandatory leakage-proof diagnosis of non-residential buildings, considering the mandatory ventilation frequency below 0.6 for passive houses under the European standards and the target set by Korea to introduce the passive house, the rigorous standard for energy efficiency in buildings and mitigating their ecological footprint, by 2017 and achieve the zero house by 2025.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.655-666
• /
• 2014

Recently, as the appearance and exterior design of the construction structure are highlighted, the irregularly shaped structures are increasing in a construction facility. Many softwares provide a quantity take-off function of 3D object under BIM environment, however, they are focused on the limited function based on the solid modeling method. Because the vast geometric information of the curved surface is difficult to extract in the 3D objects that consist of major changes in vertical section shape as the irregularly shaped structures, it is difficult to express a 3D object as a solid model. On the other hand, the irregularly shaped structures can be expressed in relatively free in the surface model because the surface model consists of points, lines and surfaces. Accordingly, the surface modeling method is suitable for the modeling of large irregularly shaped structures. This study suggests a quantity take-off algorithm for the irregularly shaped structures using the surface modeling approach that is beneficial in the design work of structures. Some case projects are used for verifying the accuracy of the proposed method.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.1002-1011
• /
• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the composition and diversity of the fungal flora at various control points in cheese ripening rooms of 10 dairy farms from six different provinces in the Republic of Korea. Methods: Floor, wall, cheese board, room air, cheese rind and core were sampled from cheese ripening rooms of ten different dairy farms. The molds were enumerated using YM petrifilm, while isolation was done on yeast extract glucose chloramphenicol agar plates. Morphologically distinct isolates were identified using sequencing of internal transcribed spacer region. Results: The fungal counts in 8 out of 10 dairy farms were out of acceptable range, as per hazard analysis critical control point regulation. A total of 986 fungal isolates identified and assigned to the phyla Ascomycota (14 genera) and Basidiomycota (3 genera). Of these Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium were the most diverse and predominant. The cheese ripening rooms was overrepresented in 9 farms by Penicillium (76%), while Aspergillus in a single farm. Among 39 species, the prominent members were Penicillium commune, P. oxalicum, P. echinulatum, and Aspergillus versicolor. Most of the mold species detected on surfaces were the same found in the indoor air of cheese ripening rooms. Conclusion: The environment of cheese ripening rooms persuades a favourable niche for mold growth. The fungal diversity in the dairy farms were greatly influenced by several factors (exterior atmosphere, working personnel etc.,) and their proportion varied from one to another. Proper management of hygienic and production practices and air filtration system would be effective to eradicate contamination in cheese processing industries.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.329-337
• /
• 2017

In USA and UK, the standards of both reverberation time and background noise level have been established for the appropriate aural environment in classrooms. In order to realize this, guidelines for architectural planning and interior finishing have been also suggested. However, in Korea, there has hardly been any guidelines for satisfying background noise criteria and investigation about sound insulation performance of current walls of classrooms. The present study investigates the structure of outer wall and walls between classrooms of two middle schools in order to analyze the sound insulation performance against both exterior and interior noises. Acoustic parameters including transmission loss, standardized sound level difference, and signal to noise ratio have been measured and analyzed for sound insulation performance of walls and flanking noises. As a result, concerning the walls in between classrooms, it was found that walls of dry construction have greater sound insulation performance rather than the walls of wet construction especially in mid and high frequency bands. Also, It was revealed that thermopane, insulated pair glass, of outer walls, has greater sound insulation performance than the double window consisted of two single pane glass. Regarding flanking noises, the standards were exceeded when all windows, or windows and doors front onto corridor were opened. It denotes that students could be disturbed with the sound transmission by the interior noises.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.59-65
• /
• 2018

RC(Reinforced Concrete) structures are exposed to various exterior conditions, and the performances of both chloride resistance and freezing/thawing action are evaluated for those exposed to corrosive environment-sea shore. Recently developed FRP Hybrid Bars which is coated with glass fiber and epoxy with core steel has an engineering advantage of higher Elasticity than FRP rod. In this work, corrosion resistance, weight loss, and bond strength are evaluated for the FRP Hybrid Bar tested through freezing/thawing action for 300cycles. The double coated FRP Hybrid Bar shows the least weight loss without defection due to freezing/thawing action. Bond strength in FRP Hybrid Bar increases to 120% of normal steel through torturity effect with Si-coating. Bond strength in normal steel shows 0.86~0.89times in 3-day corrosion acceleration and 0.35~0.38times in 5-day corrosion acceleration, however, that in FRP Hybrid Bar shows little changes in bond strength before and after freezing/thawing action.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.173-182
• /
• 2020

Since 2000, Korea has seen a big trend in the market, as the EU tightened regulations on environment due to global warming, high oil prices and aging rural population distribution, strengthening the need for multi-purpose electric moto vehicles for small farmers based on eco-friendly energy. Multi-purpose electric motor vehicles for rural small businesses will be a very innovative means of transportation, not only maintained at a low cost and to reduce greenhouse gases through the activation of eco-friendly energy, but also be a very innovative means of transportation for reducing the labor intensity of the aging farming industry and transporting night work and logistics. In this paper, with the implementation of eco-friendly energy policies, small and medium-sized rural small business owners can easily operate on unpaved roads and well-drawn farming environments, while the intensity of labor can be reduced when transporting crops also can simply replace parts at a low cost in the event of an accident. To propose rural multi-purpose modular electric vehicles, the existing literature is reviewed and 12 modular parts are presented by benchmarking electric vehicles at home and abroad. This paper is thought to be helpful for the research of the industry as well as the design industry of modular electric vehicles.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.215-224
• /
• 2011

Throughout the world, interest in issues relevant to energy, resources, environment, etc, is ever soaring. Therefore, the restoration of modern architecture that fulfilled its epochal function is working as a cultural, historic medium. In addition, it also plays its role in the side of environmental approach and so on. Moreover, the museum, which was only used for the possession of art collections and exhibition purposes, is currently expanding its scale and range as the center of culture and education. Also in reality, with the use of various programs, it is globally pursuing urban vitalizations. This study looks at the meaning of modem architecture restoration as well as its relationship with urban area. Furthermore, the purpose of this study is to look for design method's direction by finding the relevance between modem architecture restoration and museum during the restoration. This study is based on transformation and preservation scale during the restoration of modern architecture. It analyzed plane and design direction. Additionally, this study analyzed the architectural and regional effect caused by restoration. As a result, in accordance with the direction of museum and the usage, scale, structure as well as superficial aging condition of previous architecture, it shows difference in design methods in the process of restoration. The exterior of architecture was restored and preserved to its original form in order to show the symbolical form through historical value. This is essential to the modern museum. On the other hand, the interior of architecture put more value on utilization concept that its preservation and thus was restored accordingly. However, in all the cases, previous architecture were commonly used and even when alterations and additions were made due to aging and their change in usage, they were restored in a way that preserved and harmonized previous architecture. If the design method for restoration of modern architecture selects the restoration method by considering problems related to location, building value, structure, if it is studied from various angles and is restored after considering its usage as a museum, then we will be able to generate cultural and historical synergy effect. Furthermore, apart from architecture, it will have great impact on urban vitalizations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.908-913
• /
• 1999

This experiment was conducted in three trials to evaluate optimal ambient temperature for a novel milk replacer feeding system designed for early-weaned pigs, compared to commercial dry diets fed within a conventional hot nursery. A total of 165 PIC genotype pigs were weaned at $13.89{\pm}0.7$ days of age and allotted to one of two dietary treatments in three trials based on weight and litter origin. Each trial consisted of pigs fed dry diets (DD) and pigs fed milk replacer (MR) which was offered in one of 3 different ambient temperatures. Pigs fed milk replacer were housed in a specialized nursery building in which one half of each pen contained an enclosed hover that was thermostatically maintained at $32^{\circ}C$ while the exterior ambient temperature (where milk was fed) was set at either 17 (trial 1), 24 (trial 2) or $32^{\circ}C$ (trial 3). Pigs fed dry diets with the conventional nursery were maintained at $30^{\circ}C$ for each trial. From d 21 to d 49, all pigs were fed DD within a standardized hot nursery environment. During the first week (d 14-21), pigs fed MR showed increased ADG from 214% to 228% over control pigs fed DD (p<0.001), regardless of ambient temperature. As ambient temperature was increased from 17 to 24 to $32^{\circ}C$, ADG of MR-fed pigs was increased by 214%, 220% and 228% over those of pigs fed DD, respectively. ADFIs of MR-fed pigs at $17^{\circ}C$, $24^{\circ}C$, and $32^{\circ}C$ compared with pigs fed DD were increased by 108%, 139% and 164% from d 14 to d 21, respectively. Fed efficiency (G/F) of MR-fed pigs at $17^{\circ}C$, $24^{\circ}C$, and $32^{\circ}C$ compared with pigs fed DD were 199%, 162% and 139% of those of pigs fed DD, respectively. As ambient temperature increased, diarrhea scores showed a slight tendency to increase. The advantage of MR feeding was greater when the ambient temperature was higher, but G/F was impaired with increased ambient temperature. We conclude that ambient temperature within the specialized nursery influenced behavior, MR feed intake, and probably piglet energy expenditure. There were no differences between MR-fed and DD-fed pigs for ADG, ADFI and G/F in the subsequent growth period (d 21 to d 49, p>0.05). Maximal advantage of MR feeding was obtained at the intermediate ($24^{\circ}C$) ambient temperature during the overall period (p<0.05). Results from this experiment indicate that a milk replacer feeding system utilized in the early postweaning period can maximize pig growth performance, and that ADG, ADFI and G/F were affected by different ambient temperatures within MR-fed pigs. The high or low temperatures could not support the maximal growth of pigs fed MR.