• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.40.1-40.12
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to critically evaluate the quality, reliability and educational content of the information of vital pulp treatment videos available on YouTube. Materials and Methods: The keywords "pulpotomy" and "pulp capping" were searched on YouTube on 5th July 2020, until 60 English language videos of each search term with a duration shorter than 15 minutes were acquired. Video characteristics were recorded and Video Power Index (VPI) was calculated. Reliability and educational quality of videos were evaluated using the Modified DISCERN score, the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria and Global Quality Scores (GQS). Videos were categorized by uploading source. Results: Regarding pulpotomy, 31.7% of the videos were uploaded by specialists and 68.3% were directed by non-specialists. In the case of pulp capping, the corresponding percentages were 45% and 55%, respectively. Videos uploaded by specialists had significantly higher modified DISCERN, JAMA and GQS scores compared to those uploaded by non-specialists. Endodontists tended to have the highest reliability and VPI scores. Conclusions: YouTube videos on vital pulp treatment contain low educational quality or incomplete information. Low popularity of dental pulp capping and pulpotomy videos may be attributed to the specialized nature of these procedures. As YouTube represents an important source for patient information about different health topics, reliable informative videos should be uploaded by specialized dental professionals.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2012

Objectives: Although chuna medicine has progressed distinguishingly, yet chuna medical terminology hasn't been standardized. So there are a lot of difficulties in translating chuna related book and their meaning cannot be conveyed properly. For this reason, we could say standardization of chuna medical terminology is very essential. Purpose of our study was to develope a standard database of concept terms for chuna medicine, in addition, we considered establishing fundamental principles of chuna medical terminology. Methods: To select standard chuna medical terms, we sorted important chuna medical index words. Then we sorted those words into a group that has same meanings and united to one single term. In the meantime, we extracted index words from 26 domestic and foreign manual technique related books and sorted them out and based on these word, we translated chuna medical terms to Korean terms. In the case of chuna technique terms, we searched chuna text books for term those were wrongly used, and corrected them by suggesting fundamental principles of terminology. Results: 664 chuna words were selected as standard chuna terms and have been translated to English terms. In the process, adscititious words such as anatomical terms and title of books were exempted and selected only important words that could be used as index of chuna terms. In deciding essential elements of chuna technique terms, patient position, contact point, segmental contact point, malposition, procedure method were selected. Conclusions: Correcting chuna medical terms in a sort period could cause confusion, but in long term perspective, in the aspect of conveying the meaning clearly and education purpose, standardizing of chuna medical terminology must be done. From this study, standardization of chuna medical terms were chosen in large category, but further studies must be followed in order to standardize terms of subdivisional categories.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1119-1138
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• 2013

It has been a decade since argument and argumentation were introduced in science education literature in South Korea. The word "argument" has been translated into three different Korean terms in literature. The purpose of this study was to clarify those translated terms by examining how the terms were defined and used in Korean education research literature. From a philosophical perspective on the diversity of translation, we examined definitions of argument and argumentation, research topics in papers published in major international journals on science education, and reviewed relevant science education papers published in South Korean journals. We reviewed 79 papers published since the year 2000 in major international journals on science education, whose titles have terms argument and/or argumentation and 37 Korean science education papers whose titles have terms translated from the two English words. Findings showed that Korean researchers defined argument and argumentation either in a general sense or in a specific sense such as science investigation or group work aspects, depending on research contexts. Researchers in Korea rarely mentioned the diversity of translation. If they mentioned it, justification for a specific translation of the term was not provided except for in one case. When the same foreign literature was reviewed to define "argument" or "argumentation, different Korean words were used to translate the same two terms. This indicated to the researchers that the translation of the terms was not related to their definitions of them. On the other hand, each research group used a certain translation of the term consistently, indicating that translations might be based on research tradition. Based on the findings, a position on translation of the term is proposed in terms of professionalism and communication between research groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.23-44
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• 2023

The word library(図書館) is a Japanese translation of the Western library or Bibliothek in the mid-Meiji period. This word has been accepted in Chinese(图书馆), Taiwan(圖書館), Korea(도서관), and Vietnam(Dđồ thư quán), which are Chinese-speaking countries. If so, when and who first introduced the term library to Japan and China? In Japan, the enlightenment thinker Fukuzawa's 『Seiyo Jijo, 1866』 is regarded as the first document to introduce the Western library, and in China, the article published in 『Qing Yi Bao, 1896』 by the reformed thinker Liang Qichao referred to as the first example. Therefore, this study traced and demonstrated the time and person in which the word library appeared, focusing on modern dictionaries, books, translations, papers, and newspaper articles that were introduced in both countries. As a result, the theory of the introduction to Fukuzawa in 1866 is wrong because Western libraries are described in various terms in many diaries and dictionaries, including Motoki's 『An English Japanese Dictionary of the Spoken Language, 1814』. Also, in China, the theory of introduction of Liang Qichao in 1896 is not true because the term library first appeared in Ryu Jeong-dam's 『A Dictionary of Loan Words and Hybrid Words in Chinese, 1884』. In the same context, it is necessary to trace and argue the history of the first use of the term library in Korea and the name of the first library in Korea established by the Busan Branch of the Japan Hongdo Association in 1901.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to find terms that can give identity to the major and occupation of clinical laboratory technologist (also known as medical technologist). The term clinical pathology includes all branches of pathology, namely anatomical pathology, chemical pathology, hematology, microbiology, and all respective subspecialties. Unfortunately, several countries exclude anatomical pathology from the term clinical pathology, a problem that gets compounded when the title is translated into languages other than English. Clinical pathology (US, UK) is a medical specialty. Similar terms are laboratory medicine (Germany, Poland), medical/clinical biology (France, Netherlands) or clinical analysis (Spain). Depending on the person questioned, medical technology is defined slightly differently by individuals, companies, and institutions. The definition also depends on the language in which the question is asked. Medical technology can be translated to define clinical laboratory technology, allied health sciences, medical equipment, biomedical engineering, and health technology. The terms 'clinical pathology technology and pathological technology' are not used in allied health sciences. The names of 'medical technology·medical technologist' can be replaced by 'biomedical laboratory science·biomedical laboratory technologist' or 'clinical laboratory analysis·clinical laboratory analyst'. In this study, it is proposed to change the name of academic and occupation to 'medical biology·medical biology technologist' that combines the term biomedical.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.14
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• pp.6033-6038
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• 2015

Background: Experience of lung cancer includes negative impacts on both physical and psychological health. Pain is one of the negative experiences of lung cancer. Cognitive behavioral therapy techniques are often recommended as treatments for lung cancer pain. The objective of this review was to synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy techniques in treating lung cancer pain. This review considered studies that included lung cancer patients who were required to 1) be at least 18 years old; 2) speak and read English or Thai; 3) have a life expectancy of at least two months; 4) experience daily cancer pain requiring an opioid medication; 5) have a positive response to opioid medication; 6) have "average or usual" pain between 4 and 7 on a scale of 0-10 for the day before the clinic visit or for a typical day; and 7) able to participate in a pain evaluation and treatment program. This review considered studies to examine interventions for use in treatment of pain in lung cancer patients, including: biofeedback, cognitive/attentional distraction, imagery, hypnosis, and meditation. Any randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined cognitive behavioral therapy techniques for pain specifically in lung cancer patients were included. In the absence of RCTs, quasi-experimental designs were reviewed for possible conclusion in a narrative summary. Outcome measures were pain intensity before and after cognitive behavioural therapy techniques. The search strategy aimed to find both published and unpublished literature. A three-step search was utilised by using identified keywords and text term. An initial limited search of MEDLINE and CINAHL was undertaken followed by analysis of the text words contained in the title and abstract, and of the index terms used to describe the article. A second search using all the identified keywords and index terms was then undertaken across all included databases. Thirdly, the reference list of all identified reports and articles were searched for additional studies. Searches were conducted during January 1991- March 2014 limited to English and Thai languages with no date restriction. Materials and Methods: All studies that met the inclusion criteria were assessed for methodological quality by three reviewers using a standardized critical appraisal tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Three reviewers extracted data independently, using a standardized data extraction tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Ideally for quantitative data meta-analysis was to be conducted where all results were subject to double data entry. Odds ratios (for categorical data) and weighted mean differences (for continuous data) and their 95% confidence intervals were to be calculated for analysis and heterogeneity was to be assessed using the standard Chi-square. Where statistical pooling was not possible the finding were be presented in narrative form. Results: There were no studies located that met the inclusion requirements of this review. There were also no text and opinion pieces that were specific to cognitive behavioral therapy techniques pain and lung cancer patients.Conclusions: There is currently no evidence available to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy techniques for pain in lung cancer patients.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.7
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• pp.165-188
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• 2009

In the development of linear perspective, Brook Taylor's theory has achieved a special position. With his method described in Linear Perspective(1715) and New Principles of Linear Perspective(1719), the subject of linear perspective became a generalized and abstract theory rather than a practical method for painters. He is known to be the first who used the term 'vanishing point'. Although a similar concept has been used form the early stage of Renaissance linear perspective, he developed a new method of British perspective technique of measure points based on the concept of 'vanishing points'. In the 15th and 16th century linear perspective, pictorial space is considered as independent space detached from the outer world. Albertian method of linear perspective is to construct a pavement on the picture in accordance with the centric point where the centric ray of the visual pyramid strikes the picture plane. Comparison to this traditional method, Taylor established the concent of a vanishing point (and a vanishing line), namely, the point (and the line) where a line (and a plane) through the eye point parallel to the considered line (and the plane) meets the picture plane. In the traditional situation like in Albertian method, the picture plane was assumed to be vertical and the center of the picture usually corresponded with the vanishing point. On the other hand, Taylor emphasized the role of vanishing points, and as a result, his method entered the domain of projective geometry rather than Euclidean geometry. For Taylor's theory was highly abstract and difficult to apply for the practitioners, there appeared many perspective treatises based on his theory in England since 1740s. Joshua Kirby's Dr. Brook Taylor's Method of Perspective Made Easy, Both in Theory and Practice(1754) was one of the most popular treatises among these posterior writings. As a well-known painter of the 18th century English society and perspective professor of the St. Martin's Lane Academy, Kirby tried to bridge the gap between the practice of the artists and the mathematical theory of Taylor. Trying to ease the common readers into Taylor's method, Kirby somehow abbreviated and even omitted several crucial parts of Taylor's ideas, especially concerning to the inverse problems of perspective projection. Taylor's theory and Kirby's handbook reveal us that the development of linear perspective in European society entered a transitional phase in the 18th century. In the European tradition, linear perspective means a representational system to indicated the three-dimensional nature of space and the image of objects on the two-dimensional surface, using the central projection method. However, Taylor and following scholars converted linear perspective as a complete mathematical and abstract theory. Such a development was also due to concern and interest of contemporary artists toward new visions of infinite space and kaleidoscopic phenomena of visual perception.

• (The)Korea Educational Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.155-179
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to analyze the satisfaction of graduate students participating in the Brain Korea21 (BK21) project in five supporting areas of the project: curriculum, job searching and career development, academic development, the globalization of education, and educational environment. A further objective was to find efficient methods of providing students with stable academic and financial support for their research in order to develop them as distinguished researchers. In order to answer research questions, this study conducted a survey of the BK21 project satisfaction with students majoring in humanities or social sciences and analyzed the survey results. The tool has 7 dimensions: 'curriculum', 'job searching and career development', 'stable support for academic development', 'support for academic activities out of school', 'globalization of education', 'lectures in English', and 'educational environment'. The survey found that survey participants were in general satisfied with the BK21 project. Of these 7 dimensions, the results showed remarkably high satisfaction dimensions for 'stable support for academic development' and 'support for academic activities out of school' while indicating a comparatively low satisfaction for 'job searching and career development'. The result and analysis of this study suggests that the BK21 project needs to emphasize the following: PR for the project, provide opportunities for the training for career development and job information to students, modify the areas of academic support, remodel programs of short- and long-term studies in foreign countries, improve the educational service system for lectures in English, and secure research facilities.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.127-136
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• 2022

This thesis is a study of "Ethics Seminar VII of Psychoanalysis" that Jacques Lacan (1901~1981) has the most attachment to.A translated version has not yet been released in Korea. The original French and English translations of Lacan Seminar VII were used for the study version. Lacan introduces an important concept in a seminar on the ethics of psychoanalysis. In German, it is 'das Ding'. It is translated as 'big thing' in Korean. Lacan introduces the term in French as 'La Chose'. In English, it is The Thing. "Big things" are also things that my mother gave me when I was young. It can also be interpreted as a loss of childhood that is not completely resolved. Therefore, Lacan' subject refers to develops a lifelong journey to recover the lost object. Lacan presents this point as the starting point of the psychoanalytic ethics. We try to re-examine the issue of ethics by tracing 'das Ding' as a lost place in the main article. First, We will look at the origins of das Ding. Second, through the relationship between love and das Ding, We will discuss who tries to fill Ding's void. Third, We will try to interpret the relationship between American ego psychology and das Ding in Lacan's scheme. Lastly, a posthumous subject will be dealt with through the play 'Mugunghwa has bloomed.'

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed to determine the buccal alveolar bone thickness following rapid maxillary expansion (RME) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Twenty-four individuals (15 females, 9 males; 13.9 years) that underwent RME therapy were included. Each patient had CBCT images available before (T1), after (T2), and 2 to 3 years after (T3) maxillary expansion therapy. Coronal multiplanar reconstruction images were used to measure the linear transverse dimensions, inclinations of teeth, and thickness of the buccal alveolar bone. One-way ANOVA analysis was used to compare the changes between the three times of imaging. Pairwise comparisons were made with the Bonferroni method. The level of significance was established at p<0.05. Results: The mean changes between the points in time yielded significant differences for both molar and premolar transverse measurements between T1 and T2 (p<0.05) and between T1 and T3 (p<0.05). When evaluating the effect of maxillary expansion on the amount of buccal alveolar bone, a decrease between T1 and T2 and an increase between T2 and T3 were found in the buccal bone thickness of both the maxillary first premolars and maxillary first molars. However, these changes were not significant. Similar changes were observed for the angular measurements. Conclusion: RME resulted in non-significant reduction of buccal bone between T1 and T2. These changes were reversible in the long-term with no evident deleterious effects on the alveolar buccal bone.