• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.187-197
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze factors related to the job stress experienced by call center employees at public institutions, so as to provide basic data to relieve work-related stress and enhance the job satisfaction of such employees. To promote objectivity and representation, the study was conducted by way of survey, the subjects being call center employees in 8 public institutions that operate call centers, which are located in the Busan and Seoul areas. Of the 240 surveys distributed, 196 were collected and 173 of those were used for analysis after eliminating 25 with insufficient responses. The results of this study are as follows. First, in terms of general properties, it was determined that employees with higher levels of education and families to support had greater job stress. second, in terms of job-related properties, employees who were unsatisfied with the job, HR policies, and their relationship with superiors and/or colleagues had greater job stress. In terms of the group that was satisfied compared with the group that was unsatisfied with the job, HR policies, and their relationship with superiors and/or colleagues, regular workers had less job stress than irregular workers.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.407-418
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose was to examine the level of perceived stress, lifestyle, and health status indicators and identify the relationships among them in medical center employees. Method: This study utilized data from Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, health survey developed by National Health Insurance Corporation, and laboratory tests (such as liver enzyme or lipid profile) on 873 medical center employees. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 12.0 program through descriptive statistics, $x^2-test$, independent t-test, ANOVA and ANCOVA. Results: Perceived stress was relatively high, but lifestyle and health status indicators were good. Age, gender, and job were significantly related to perceived stress, life style, and health status indicators: younger employees, men, nurses reported higher stress; older employees, men and medical technicians reported worse life style; older employees, men and doctors showed more abnormal health status indicators. There was a significant relationship between perceived stress and life style: the higher the level of stress was, the more drinking or the more smoking they had. However, there was no clear relationship between perceived stress and health status indicators. Conclusion: Although the subjects' lifestyle and health status indicators were relatively good, their perceived stress was seriously high. Therefore, programs for reducing stress are necessary for medical center employees.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.264-274
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• 2009

Purpose: This study is to develop job standards in order to propose proper job level of the advanced nurse practitioners and apply the results to the work and enhance the expertism. Method: This study is a methodical study. The validity was examined by using the content validity index(CVI). Result: The pre-items of job standards for advanced health insurance review nurses were established and the final job standards comprising of 12 standards, 46 criteria, 92 indicators, 418 activities were determined after the examination by the advisory group. The validity of the job standards were examined for two times by the seven professionals. The relevance of the modified job standards was examined by the working level employees above the assistant manager position working in the general hospitals and the result was 93.14% relevance. The job standards comprising of 12 standards, 46 criteria, 89 indicator and 409 activities were developed. Conclusions: By the development of the job standards, it is expected to prove that advanced health insurance review nurses are the most suitable professionals for dealing with medical affairs such as management and propriety evaluation of medical expenses while defining the roles of advanced health insurance review nurses.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.77-106
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• 1994

This study attempts to evaluate the beneficial equity and operational efficiency of the three Korean medical insurance programmes and thereby suggest directions for their policy improvement. Concepts of the equity and effciency were reviewed to develop indicators for comparative analysis. For the analysis, statistical and financial accounting data for 1991, issued by the National Federation of Medical Insurance and the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation, on the operational status and performances of the programmes, were collected and rearranged to be suited to the purpose of the study. The analysis reveals that beneficial inequity exists between self-employed and employee programs. and that operational inefficiency is prominent in both programms for self-employeds and for Government employees and private school teachers. In order to improve the beneficial inequity of the self-employed program, it is suggested that policies be formulated and implimented toward increasing the program revenue through increasing subsidies from the Government, and through inter- program finance adiustment. For the operational inefficiency of the two programs, it is judged that, toghether with the administrative support and control from the Government and the insurance society bodies, self- efforts be initiated to improve the internal mangement styles and systems of the insurance societies. Finally, from the viewpoint of the structural efficiency, expansion of the preventive insurance benefits by the insurance soceties is recommended both for beneficial equity and operational efficiency.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.24
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• pp.97-117
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• 2005

Internally Korean insurance market is that whole life products' growth are becoming slowdown that's why new insurance products have appeared on the market in consideration of consumer's needs recently. Externally domestic insurance market competitions has drifted from insurance industry to whole financial industry since bankasurance started. Life insurance companies should open up a new market to survive from severe competitions. Worksite marketing can be an alternative. An insurer make arrangements with an employer about an insurance terms which an insurer offers in Worksite marketing. Then eligible individuals enroll in the plans at their own discretion and pay 100 percent of the premium for coverage through payroll deductions. An employer doesn't need to pay extra money for additional benefit but can raise employee's loyalty and satisfaction of company through worksite marketing. An employee can be covered at discounted premium rate and less strict underwriting guidelines to an insurer compared to individual insurance. In developed countries specially U.S insurance market, Worksite marketing is getting very popular and growing rapidly due to the advantages. Worksite marketing has both individual insurance characters and group insurance characters. Individual insurance characters are that employees enroll in the plans at their own discretion and pay 100 percent of the premium for coverage. Group insurance characters are that actively at work and participation etc. An insurer have to reflect these two characters on Worksite marketing when an insurance company work out a plan for developing products and underwriting guidelines. When an insurer devise worksite products, one should consider participation level which means percentage of eligible employees participating. Participation is related to anti-selection. As we know underwriting is essential for every kind of insurance, especially underwriting plays major role in worksite marketing. We can see that in the below. Firstly, it has a function in calculation of premium rate. When calculate premium rate for worksite products underwriters have to estimate expected participation level and risk factors. So underwriters and acturies keep in close contact with each other. Secondly, underwriting methods are important. When an insurer underwrite worksite products, there are three kinds of underwriting methods. These are Simplified issue underwriting, Full underwriting and Guaranteed issue underwriting. Simplified issue underwriting typically requires no medical examination, but usually requires supplying satisfactory answers to one or several health and/or lifestyle questions. Full underwriting requires a complete medical history questionnaire that may further require an exam. Guaranteed issue underwriting means that coverage is issued without the employee having to provide evidence of insurability. When insurer set the GI limit are usually based on the type of industry, number of eligible employees, the average amount of coverage and participation level. In addition to insurer should have a clear definition of eligible employee on the insurance provision and application form. It will minimize possibility of trouble claims and anti-selection. An insurer also establish preexisting condition exclusion and special guidelines for late entrants. When an insurer introduce Worksite marketing to Korean insurance market, an insurer has to examine market research to analyze potential market and strategy of sales most of all. Also an insurer should review real situation of the U.S, England and Japanese market etc. There are a lot of new technologies about worksite marketing process that an insurer should learn. When an insurer consider many things which we explained it can be a real alternative.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.158-165
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• 2014

The statistics of occupational injuries and illnesses is one of the most important indicators of worker's safety and health in the field of occupational safety and health. The conventional statistics was produced without consideration of gender difference. This study was planned to investigate the difference of occupational injuries and illnesses by gender because that recently female workers was increased through the change of industrial structure such as from manufacturing dominated to service dominated structure. Statistics of occupational injuries and illnesses collected by workmen's compensation insurance system that have no information about gender composition of population. Economically active population survey was used to calculated the rate of occupational injuries and illnesses by gender. The distribution of estimated rate of occupational injuries and illnesses by industry, occupation and the type of accident were different between male and female employees, but those by the size of enterprise, age of the injured, the duration of the first recuperation, and job tenure were similar between male and female employees. This study has shown that gender sensitive approach may be applied to policy of occupational safety and health because that gender neutral perspective may not discover the fact of gender specific problems.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2001

Objectives : To investigate the changing pattern of medical utilization claims following the economic crisis in Korea. Methods : The original data consisted of the claims of the 'Medical insurance program of self-employees' between 1997 and 1998. The data was selected by medical treatment day ranging between 8 January and 30 June. Medical utilizations were calculated each year by the frequency of claims, visit days for outpatients, length of stay for inpatients, total days of medication, and the sum of expenses. Results : The length of stay as an inpatient in 1998 was decreased 4.7 percent in comparison to 1997. However, inpatient expenses in 1998 increased 10.8 percent as compared to 1997. Inpatient hospital claims in 1998 increased 6.2 percent over 1997, although general hospital inpatient claims in 1998 decreased 3.3 percent in comparison to 1997. The outpatient claim frequency decreased 7.3 in 1998 percent as compared to 1997 Outpatient visit days of in 1998 were decreased 8.5 percent in comparison to that recorded in 1997. Outpatient claim frequencies of 'gu region' in 1998 decreased 10.5 percent comparison to that in 1997, but 'city and gun region' decreased less than 'gu region'. Conclusions : Medical utilization in 1998 deceased in relation to 1997 Medical utilization by outpatients decreased more than that of inpatients. Medical utilization by 'gu region' decreased mere than the other regions.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.23-39
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• 1989

There have been a lot of considerable. discussion and debate surrounding the management model in the health insurance management system and opinions regarding the management operating cost. It is a well known fact that there have always been dissenting opinions and debates surrounding the issue. The management operating cost varies according to the scale of the management organization and component members characteristics of the insurance carrier. Therefore, it is necessary to examine and compare the management operating cost to the simulated management models developed to cover those eligible for the health insurance scheme in this country. Since the management operating cost can vary according to the different models of management, four alternative management models have been established based on the critical evaluation of existing theories concerned, as well as on the basis of the survey results and simulation attempts. The first alternative model is the Unique Insurance Carrier Model(Ⅰ) ; desigened to cover all of the people with no classification of insurance qualifications and finances from the source of contribution of the insured, nationwide. The second is the Management Model of Large-scale District Insurance Carrier(Ⅱ) ; this means the Korean society would be divided into 21 large districts; each having its own insurance carrier that would cover the people in that particular district with no classification of insurance qualifications arid finances as in Model I. The third is the Management Model of Insurance Carrier Divided by Area and Classified with Occupation if Largescale (Ⅲ) ; to serve the self-employed in the 21 districts divided as in Model Ⅱ. It would serve the employees and their dependents by separate insurance carriers in large-scale similar to the area of the district-scale for the self-employed, so that the insurance qualifications and finances would be classified with each of the insurance carriers: The last is the Management Model of the Multi - insurance Carrier (Ⅳ) based on the Si. Gun. Gu area which will cover their own self- employed people in the area with more than 150 additional insurance carriers covering the employees and their dependents. The manpower necessary to provide services to all of the people according to the four models is calculated through simulation trials. It indicates that the Management Model of Large-scale District Insurance Carrier requires the most manpower among the four alternative models. The unit management operating costs per the insured individuals and covered persons are leveled with several intervals based on the insurance recipients. in their characteristics. The interval levels derived from the regression analysis reveal that the larger the scale of the insurance carriers is in the number of those insured and covered. the more the unit management operating cost decreases. significantly. Moreover. the result of the quadratic functional formula also shows the U-shape significantly. The management operating costs derived from the simulated calculation. on the basis of the average salary and related cost per staff- member of the Health Insurance Societies for Occupational Labours and Korean Medical Insurance Corporation for the Official Servants and Private School Teachers in 1987 fiscal year. show that the Model of Multi-insurance Carrier warrants the highest management operating cost. Meanwhile the least expensive management operating cost is the Management Model of Unique Insurance Carrier. Insurance Carrier Divided by Area and Classified with Occupation in Large-scale. and Large-scale District Insurance Carrier. in order. Therefore. it is feasible to select the Unique Insurance Carrier Model among the four alternatives from the viewpoint of the management operating cost and in the sense of the flexibility in promoting the productivity of manpower in the human services field. However. the choice of the management model for health insurance systems and its application should be examined further utilizing the operation research analysis for such areas as the administrative efficiency and factors related to computer cost etc.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.472-473
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• 2012

수준 높은 공공서비스를 제공받고자 하는 국민의 권리의식이 향상되고 정보기술의 급속한 발전에 따라 고객의 요구사항이 다양하다. 신속하고 정확한 상담의 서비스를 제공하기 위한 수단으로서 콜센터에 대한 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 공공기관의 고객접점인 콜센터에서 근무하는 상담원들의 직무특성과 직무태도를 통하여 직무만족과 이직의도에 대한 상관관계를 분석하고자 한다. 이직의도를 낮추기 위해서는 상사의 관심과 지원이 중요한 요소로 나타났다. 본 연구의 의의는 고객접점을 운영함에 있어서 직무상 발생하는 스트레스를 효율적으로 관리하여 상담원의 직무만족을 증대시켜 이직의도를 낮추는데 기여하고자 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.107-115
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the health behavior and prevalence of chronic diseases among manufacturing workers. It would provide fundamental data in the development of health promotion programs for manufacturing workers. Methods : Data on 3,171 employees who underwent health check-ups by the National Health Insurance Service in L company, G City from March to December 2014 were analyzed. The statistical analysis of frequency, chi-square test, and multiple logistic regressions were performed using SPSS 18 program. Results : The results of this study show that obesity and over-weight are the health behaviors that influence the prevalence of chronic diseases in manufacturing employees. Conclusions : The implementation of public health projects to improve the voluntary participation of the employees can enhance their health, improve the productivity, and influence their quality of life positively by changing the health behaviors.