• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.385-386
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• 2016

The amended School Education Act, which was enacted in 2007, stipulated the implementation of the education that enables children with disabilities who attend elementary and middle schools to overcome their difficulties that were caused by their disabilities. In 2014, 49,706 of special needs education supporters were dispatched by using 53 billion Yen through local fiscal measures, which is the amount of budget that can dispatch 46,300 special needs education supporters; 5,638 to public kindergarten, 43,586 to public elementary and middle schools and 482 to public high schools. The number of special needs education supporters has increased steadily.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.54-65
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• 2003

This paper aims to analyse design conditions and propose schematic design for Galhyeon Elementary Middle School in Gwacheon. As for site conditions, it has the size of $32,000m^2$ and Hilly areas. And the area is surrounded high density housing. As a program, Education Facilities Bureau required to provide 36 classes and supporting facilities. To design the schemes, we followed the 7th education policy guidelines. During the design development stage, 3 alternatives are suggested as in the paper. However, staffs of Education Bureau and teachers favoured and selected our scheme, which gives symbolic image, as a new high school education environment.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.108-116
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• 2020

Background: This foundational study on educational interventions aimed to analyze the changes in awareness, knowledge, and attitudes of young learners after they received objective information on safety management. Materials and Methods: Educational sessions on nuclear power and radiation safety were delivered to 4,934 Korean elementary, middle, and high school students in two separate sessions conducted in 2016 and 2017. The effects of these interventions were subsequently analyzed. Results and Discussion: Learner attitudes toward safety were found to be the predominant variables affecting the post-intervention risk (safety) awareness of nuclear power generation. Conclusion: The safety awareness of future generations will significantly influence policy decisions on nuclear power generation. Hence, the design of educational interventions on this subject must match variables suited to learner levels.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

The accurate estimation of construction cost is critical for effective budgeting and financing of the project. Accurate estimates also allow for informed decisions when considering the responsiveness of bids or proposals and for a contractor to better monitor construction progress. However, current method for construction cost of the public educational facility uses a basic criteria in Korea, e.g, construction cost per unit floor area. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine present architectural work cost rate of elementary, middle, and high school delivered by BTL(Build-Transfer-Lease). We examined real construction cost of educational facility according to level of school, such as elementary, middle, and high school. The examination revealed that unit price of BTL educational construction cost are different to the level of school, but the composing rate of architectural work cost of the educational facility are very similar. As a result, it is recommended that future researches are initiated to create specific methods to support the accurate cost estimation of educational facility.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.417-435
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• 2011

Mathematical justification is essential to assert with reason and to communicate. Students learn mathematical justification in 8th grade in Korea. Recently, However, many researchers point out that justification be taught from young age. Lots of studies say that students can deduct and justify mathematically from in the lower grades in elementary school. I conduct questionnaire to know awareness and steps of elementary school students and middle school students. In the case of 9th grades, the rate of students to deduct is highest compared with the other grades. The rease is why 9th grades are taught how to deductive justification. In spite of, however, the other grades are also high of rate to do simple deductive justification. I want to focus on the 6th and 5th grades. They are also high of rate to deduct. It means we don't need to just focus on inducing in elementary school. Most of student needs lots of various experience to mathematical justification.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.155-167
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• 2008

The study examines the prevalence and characteristics of school violence in elementary school, utilizing a census-based nationwide sample of 2,037 adults, 19 years of age and older. A structured questionnaire was administered, which reported their experiences of school violence retrospectively. The findings revealed that a third of the respondents were victims of one or more episodes of school violence during their elementary school years. Men reported much higher rates of victimization than women, and those from low-income families experienced more episodes of victimization than those from middle or high-income families. The study also showed that the rate of school violence is increasing among the younger generations.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.8-19
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• 2011

This study is to clarify the actual conditions of school Facilities in the Rural Area. The aim of this thesis is to present the direction for Reorganization of school facilities. Research area was Uiseong, Gyeongbuk, the number of students decreased rapidly. And elementary, middle and high school facilities were surveyed. The results are as the follows; 1) After consider living zone, commuting distance, opinions of residents, it is advisable that the small size school(the number of students under 60) will be combined stronghold school. 2) In the case of relocation, first of all, should consider the characteristic of living zone, exchanging training programs between elementary and middle schools. 3) The closed school facilities will be used consistently as public facilities with priority consideration of environmental characteristic and users' demand.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.37-44
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• 2011

This study is to clarify the actual conditions of school facilities in the rural area. The purpose of this paper is to present the direction for reorganization of school facilities. Surbey area was Uiseong, Gyeongbuk, the number of students decreased rapidly. And elementary, middle and high school facilities were surveyed. The results are as the follows; 1)After consider living zone, commuting distance, opinions of residents, it is advisable that the small size school(the number of students under 60) will be combined stronghold school. 2)Reorganization of school facilities should be considered that the characteristics of living zone, exchanging educational program between elementary and middle schools and an integrated use of the facility.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for air pollutant exposure modelling and understanding the contribution of respective microenvironments by assessing the time-activity patterns of Korean students according to variables such as grade, sex, weekday, and weekend. Methods: In this study, we compared the residential time of 521 (both weekday and weekend) lower elementary students, 1,735 (1,054 on weekdays, 681 on weekends) upper elementary students, 2,210 (1,294 on weekdays, 916 on weekends) middle school students, and 2,366 (1,387 on weekdays, 979 on weekends) high school students in different microenvironments according to grade, sex, weekday, and weekend. We used data from the 2014 Time-Use Survey by the Korean National Statistical Office for upper elementary students through high school students, and surveyed time-activity patterns of 521 lower elementary students aged 7-9 years. Each microenvironment was divided into indoor, outdoor, and transport. Indoor environments were divided into home, school, and other places. In addition, the results of previous studies were compared to this study. Results: Weekday time-activity patterns of Korean students indicated that lower elementary students spent $16.02{\pm}2.53hr$ in the home and $5.37{\pm}2.32hr$ in school. Upper elementary students spent $14.11{\pm}1.79hr$ in the home and $6.27{\pm}1.37hr$ in school. Middle school students spent $12.83{\pm}2.22hr$ in the home and $7.48{\pm}1.88hr$ in school. High school students spent $10.65{\pm}2.86hr$ in the home and $10.23{\pm}2.86hr$ in school on weekdays. High school students spent the least amount of time in the home and the most time in school compared to other grades Conclusions: Students spent most of their time indoors, including in the home, school, and other indoors. On weekdays, as the grade increases, home residential times were decreased and school residential times were increased. Differences in time-activity patterns according to sex were not found for either weekdays or weekends. It is estimated that Korean students could be affected by school indoor air quality. High school students could be most affected by school indoor air quality since they spent the most time at school.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.51-66
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• 2014

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the differences of sodium intake in the diet according to the kind of meal, food group, and dish group. Methods: A dietary survey was conducted using the 24-hour recall method from April to May, 2009. The study subjects consisted of 701 elementary and 1,184 middle school students in the Jeju area. Mean sodium intake and the percentage contribution of meals and each dish and food group to daily sodium intake were calculated. Results: The daily sodium intake was 2,868.4 mg and 3,032.5 mg in elementary and middle school students. For elementary school students, breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snack provided approximately 18.0%, 35.1%, 32.8%, and 14.1% of total daily sodium intake, and for middle school students, 15.3%, 40.2%, 29.1%, and 15.5%, respectively. Major food groups for sodium intake were spices (1,252.5 mg in elementary, 1158.0 mg in middle school students), vegetables and their products (409.0 mg, 495.6 mg), cereal and grain products (322.4 mg, 647.8 mg), and fish and shellfish (255.3 mg, 336.6 mg). Except cereal and grain products, sodium intake of the food groups mentioned above was greater at lunch and dinner than at breakfast and snack. And, the elementary and middle school students obtained 5.9% and 9.8% of total daily sodium intake from cereal and grain products at snack. Among the 29 dish groups, the highest dish groups contributing to dietary sodium intake were soup and stew and tang/jeongol, consuming 19.8% (elementary school students) and 25.4% (middle school students) of daily sodium intake. The following major dish groups contributing to dietary sodium intake, in order, were kimchi, seasoned vegetables, grilled dish, stir-fried dish, and $\grave{a}$ la carte. By meals, the percentage of sodium intake from soup, kimchi, stew, fried dish, and stir-fried dish at school lunch was high, from noodles, grilled dish, and $\grave{a}$ la carte at dinner, and from bakery/snacks and noodles at snack. Conclusion: Sodium intake from the various side dishes at school lunch was high and noodles and bakery/snacks were popular snack foods in elementary and middle school students in Jeju area. In order to lower the intake of sodium, students need to be educated about eating less soup and choosing better snacks.