• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.295-303
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• 2022

This study investigates the impact of globalization, coal consumption, and economic growth on CO₂ emissions in Malaysia by applying the Kuznets Environmental Curve model. The study employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lag modeling technique on time series data over the period of 1970-2018 to determine the short and long-run relationship between CO₂ emissions and a number of variables, including globalization, coal consumption, and economic growth. The results show that globalization increase CO₂ emissions in both the short and long run in Malaysia. Furthermore, the results reveal that economic growth and coal consumption degrade the environmental quality by accelerating the CO₂ emissions in the short-run and long run. As a result, the findings validate the Kuznets Environmental Curve hypothesis of an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and CO₂ emissions in the long run for Malaysia. The findings of this study suggest that higher globalization levels and usage of coal consumption degrade the environmental quality in Malaysia. The findings also indicate the effect of economic growth on environmental degradation is positive at the initial stage but improves after the economy achieves a threshold level of income per capita in the economic development process with an inverted U-shaped pattern in the long run.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.617-632
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• 2022

In recent years, environmental pollution and determining the main factors causing this pollution have become an important issue. This study investigates the relationship between the agricultural sector and environmental pollution in Azerbaijan for 1992-2018. The dependent variable in the study is the agricultural greenhouse gas emissions (CO₂ equivalent). Eight variables were selected as explanatory variables: four agricultural inputs and four agricultural macro indicators. Unit root tests, ARDL boundary test, FMOLS, DOLS and CCR long-term estimators, Granger causality analysis, and variance decomposition analyses were used to investigate the effect of these variables on agricultural emissions. The results show that chemical fertilizer consumption, livestock number, and pesticide use positively and statistically significantly affect agricultural emissions from agricultural input variables. In contrast, agricultural energy consumption has a negative and significant effect. From agricultural macro indicator variables, it was found that the crop and animal production index had a positive and significant effect on agricultural emissions. According to the Granger causality test results, it was concluded that there are a causality relationship from chemical fertilizer consumption, livestock number, crop and livestock production index variables towards agricultural emissions. Considering all the results obtained, it is seen that the variables that have the most effect on the increase in agricultural emissions in Azerbaijan are the number of livestock, the consumption of chemical fertilizers, and the use of pesticides, respectively. The results from the research will contribute to the information on agricultural greenhouse gas emissions and will play an enlightening role for policymakers and the general public.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.347-355
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• 2014

In this research, we analyzed the effect of environmental friendliness on consumer's purchase intention with an energy saving product. We found that the economic benefit, easy to use and environmental friendliness have significant positive(+) effects on environmental friendliness of the energy saving product. We also found that the effects of economic benefit and environmental friendliness differ by the level of consumer's environmental consciousness. Consumers with high level of the environmental consciousness are less sensitive on the change of the economic benefit and more sensitive on the change of the environmental friendliness than consumers with low level of the environmental consciousness. The results of this research imply that when planning a marketing strategy for an environmental friendly product it is important to emphasis the economic benefit to consumers with low level of the environmental consciousness while it is important to emphasis the environmental friendliness to consumers with high level of the environmental consciousness.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.79-81
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• 1983

The effeet of the mass of the earth's atmosphere for gravity is studied. The computed correction value of the air mass effect is g=+0.86-0.0978 h (km) mgal and has always positive sign. In comparision with usual gravity works. this value is relatively large. So that, all gravity works always carry out this correction.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.335-339
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze effects of greenhouse gas reduction in organic agriculture. To accomplish the objective of the study, a field survey was conducted. Based on the field survey results, LCA method was used to estimate the greenhouse gas emission. The farmer survey and LCA estimation data were provided by The Foundation of Agricultural Technology Commercialization and Transfer. The GHG estimation results showed that GHG emission of organic farming is less by 10.6~89.3% when compared with the conventional farming. In addition, the economic value of greenhouse gas reduction in organic farming amounts to 1,097 million won. Based on major findings, in response to national greenhouse gas reduction target, it is needed to expand organic farming, supporting organic farmers' income.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is an economic analysis of power plant utilities by comparing electricity generating cost including environmental costs. Considering the enormous role of electricity in the national economy, it is very important to study the effect of environmental regulation on the electricity sector. Because power utilities need for large investment during construction, operation and maintenance, and also require much construction lead time. Economic analysis is the important process in the electric system expansion planning. This paper compares the costs of electricity generation including environmental costs between a coal-fired power plant and an LNG combined cycle power plants. With the simulation, this study surveys the sensitivity of fuel prices, interest rate and carbon tax. In each case, this sensitivity can help to decide which utility is economically better in environmental regulation circumstance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.631-632
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• 2007

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.138-146
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• 2024

This study examined the influence of social responsibility awareness (economic and social-environmental responsibility) and trust in corporate social responsibility on sustainable diets. The subjects of the study were 468 university students. The main research results were as follows. First, the social responsibility awareness of the study subjects was 4.03±0.72 points for economic responsibility and 3.48±0.81 points for social-environmental responsibility. An awareness of economic responsibility showed differences according to gender. Trust in corporate social responsibility was 3.62±0.61 points, and there was no statistical significance based on gender. Second, the level of a sustainable diet was food safety and consideration (4.06±0.63), knowledge of the environment and diet (3.94±0.68), understanding of the food circulation system (3.45±0.77), and healthy diet (3.26±0.89). Among the factors influencing a sustainable diet, female students had higher attitudes toward food safety and consideration and understanding of the food circulation system than male students. Third, the social responsibility awareness (economic responsibility and social-environmental responsibility) and corporate social responsibility trust variables influenced university students' sustainable diet. Among these, social-environmental responsibility awareness had the highest influence.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.523-544
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of foreign direct investment on environmental performance for 27 OECD countries using endogenous environmental policy model. The empirical test shows that with 1% increase in the ratio of inflow stock of foreign direct investment over domestic capital stock, emission on NOx and $CO_2$ will increase by 0.0071%(NOx) and 0.0165%($CO_2$) and 1% increase in the ratio of foreign capital stock induces 0.044%(fixed effect) and 0.047%(random effect) of economic growth. 1% increase of per labor total output increases 2.038%(fixed effect) or 1.890%(random effect) in reinforcement of environmental regulation. However, we could not confirm the Porter's hypothesis that the more strong environmental regulation leads technical innovation. The scale effects (0.0119, 0.0172) are estimated higher than the technical effects (-0.0048, -0.0007) in two pollutants (NOx, $CO_2$). It implies that each country needs to increase pollution abatement and control expenditure more aggressively to protect environment.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.61-89
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• 2008

In this study, by extending the model proposed by Fullerton and Kim(2006), we explored the tax interdependency effect to examine the relationship between environmental tax and economic growth. The theoretical model shows that environmental tax cannot always stimulate economic growth if other taxes such as labor or income tax are distorted by environmental taxes. However, environmental tax can boost economic growth if cutting distortionary taxes offset the distortion of taxes, or improvement of abatement knowledge can sufficiently reduce the cost of production. An empirical analysis using 14 OECD countries shows a positive relationship between the increase of implicit energy tax rate and the increase of implicit income tax rate. Meanwhile, empirical analysis does not provide enough evidence to claim that the increase of implicit energy tax decreases implicit labor tax. We can presume that environmental tax policy in Europe did not necessarily mitigate the burden of labor tax.