• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze the economic feasibility of the construction of a new ecological park, based on the case of a plan in Yeongcheon City. For fulfilling the purpose of this study, questionnaire survey was conducted in Yeongcheon City. Based on the survey data, cost-benefit analysis is conducted. For this study, costs and benefits of the project are estimated. Then, using NPV, IRR, and B/C ratio criteria, cost-benefit analysis for this study is conducted. from the empirical cost-benefit analysis, NPV of the proposed project is estimated at 5,420 million Won, IRR is estimated at 12.16%, and B/C ratio is estimated at 1.44. Thus, it is found that the construction of a new ecological park in this area would be feasible from the economic point of view.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.35-49
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate satisfaction of student, adult and forest interpreters about facilities and program of children's garden, which was constructed as edutainment space within Korea National Arboretum on May 2011. The results are as follows. First, an information about construction of children's garden should be provided actively, because 70.8% student and 68.6% adult of respondent did not know existence of children's garden. Second, it has been analysed that a fundamental conception of GREEN-I be reflected in construction children's garden, especially, reflecting conception of Enjoy and Edutainment was comparatively high. Third, It was found that ecological experiencing activities program of children's garden was positively to develop environmental literacy for student. Fourth, It was found that satisfaction of uncommon planting area was very low among planting area and satisfaction of forest interpreters was very low about place of ecological experience learning using five senses. Finally, for effective operation of children's garden, children's garden should be provided planting for environmental education connected with the school curriculum and ecological experiencing activities program to enjoy time with the family. Therefore, these results will be applied to improve children's garden and could be applied to construct other children's garden in botanical gardens.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.68-76
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• 2006

Frei Otto, who is called to be the father of the ecological architecture, has shaped a peculiar architectural form style. In distance from the formalistic persistence to the modernist form canon and the postmodern tendencies to the self-representation of architects, Frei Otto has taken a more fundamentalistic position. Through the interdisciplinary researches on the self-organizing processes in the nature and the technical world Frei Otto could reason with architects, engineers, biologists, historians and philosophers the principle and structure of the natural construction that is applicable to the morphological research and the architectural construction research. In the middle of his architectural and scientific works is the idea of 'the natural construction' situated, and the basic principle and instrument of this 'Die Prinzip der Selbstbildung, The Principle of Self-making'. Founding himself on this principle, Frei Otto seeks after the new architectural form that is light, natural, flexible and variable by reasoning the typical formation process which refers to the common denominator of the self-making processes in the nature, the technique and the architecture. Despite his architecture is to be called to the anonymous, his architectural vision is headed toward the rationalistic form in accord with the natural laws. This study is purposed to elucidate the constellation to which his scientific attempts belong and the theoretical and methodological foundations of his architecture of 'the natural construction'.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2006

Constructing a long, linear structure such as a high-way may cause the break-up of the natural ecology by cutting off the trails of animals. We could observe 12 kinds of mammals, 49 kinds of birds and 10 kinds of amphibia and reptilia at the research area. With this research, we were so sure of the necessity of building ecological corridors to prevent the ecological break-up of wild animals that we studied the building and maintaining of 3 types of ecological corridors; tunnel types, over-bridge type and line type.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2007

Urban streams have been severely degraded with wastewater and concrete structure over a prolonged period. The Chonggyecheon Restoration Project recovered a stream in the downtown Seoul with landscaping, plantings and bridges after the cover concrete and elevated asphalt road were removed. The project has been criticized partly because it is not an ecological restoration but rather the development of an urban park with an unnaturally straight flowing stream, artificial building structures, and artificial water pumping from the Han River. Nevertheless, the public have praised the project and almost 100,000 visitors per day come to see the reeds, catfish, and ducks. The stream restoration project is attractive to central and regional government decision makers because it increases the public concern of landscape amenity. Several projects such as Sanjichon and Kaeumjungchon are on going and proposed. These projects have a common and different respect in scope and procedure. The Chonggyecheon project in the process of environmental impact assessment (EIA) and prior environmental review system (PERS) reviewed the environmental impacts before development. Kaeumjungchon in the PERS and Sanjichon without EIA and PERS are reviewed. EIA and PERS systems contribute to checking the ecological sustainability of the restoration projects. A stream restoration project is a very complex task, so an integrated approach from plan to project is needed for ecologically sound restoration. Ecological stream restoration requires 1) an assessment of the entire stream ecosystem 2) establishing an ecologically sound management system of the stream reflecting not only benefits for people but also flora and fauna; 3) developing the site-specific design criteria and construction techniques including habitat restoration, flood plains conservation, and fluvial management; 4) considering the stream watershed in land use plan, EIA, PERS, and strategic environmental assessment (SEA). Additionally the process needs to develop the methodologies to enhance stakeholder's participation during planning, construction, and monitoring.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.15-26
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• 1998

In order to assess the present status of the fragmentation of ecosystem and the building of ecological corridor, 79 EISs(Environment Impact Statements) which were conducted in Kyunggido and Kangwondo have been reviewed using 36 analysing factor. The results obtained from this study were as follows: a. The most frequently appearing type of ecosystem fragmentation was 'mountain vs. mountain type in topography' and '2 vs. 2 grades in the degree of green naturality.' b. The most frequently listed fauna in EISs included squirrels and wild rabbits for mammals, grass snake and pit viper for reptiles, and tree frog and true tree frog for amphibians. c. Among the EISs for 50 projects, the construction of ecological corridor mentioned in only 4 projects and other structures such as drainage duct and closed conduit in 14 projects were suggested as ecological corridor. There were no corridors suggested in 32 projects. Thus, in case of using other structures for wildlife animals but ecological corridors, it should be accompanied by incidental facilities for including animal movement.

• 생태와환경
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.212-220
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• 2018

Ecological and ecosystem database is becoming very necessary to understand origins and relationship between human and nature and also to minimize disturbance caused by human activities. An ecological information portal can play important roles as a computing system to collect knowledge, distributed research findings and separated data from researchers. In this study, we designed and developed ecological information portal service (EcoBank 1.0) for collecting and providing ecological information for diverse classes of stakeholders. To reach the goal, we had reviewed related and comparable ecological database portals to design conceptual structure of EcoBank system including database management framework. Then, we developed some functions of ecosystem analysis for each stake-holders (researchers, general public and policy makers). As a result of this study, we successfully designed of EcoBank system covering the functions of Digital Object Identifier(DOI) publishing and data quality management process. Also, we (1) applied ecological indices for calculating biodiversity by administrative boundary for policy makers, (2) provided statistical information of econature map for general public and distribution characteristics of species for researchers. To make a successful establishment of EcoBank, we have to collect and build up related database and offer various and reliable ecological data consistently. We expect that the successful construction of EcoBank will help not only to accomplish sustainable development goals but also to raise the welfare of ecosystem in Korea.

• 생태와환경
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.495-502
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• 2007

Species biotic index (SBI), based on a fish assemblage, was applied to a stream assessment using long-term ecological fish data set (1996 to 2001) in Boryong dam area, which is located in the mainstream of Ungchun Stream of Chungnam province, Korea. According to the methods of Hilsenhoff (1988), the scores of tolerance guild assigned 10 classes to each species by its habitat and feeding guild, but modified current 7 criteria to 5 scoring standards due to unclear borderline among species. Relative abundance in the species number of upper stream guilds was only 7% of the total, whereas the abundance in the species number of middle to downstream upper stream guilds was 64%. Mean SBI, based on dataset in Site 1 during 1995-2001 averaged 5.10, which was judged as a "good" condition by the rank criteria of SBI. Before the dam construction, mean SBI in the Site 1 was 4.61, indicating a "good" condition, but after the dam construction, mean SBI was 5.60, indicating a "fair" condition. Trajectory analysis in the Site 1 showed significantly (One-way ANOVA, $F_{6,21}=3.26$, p=0.02) different among years, reflecting the changes of fish composition and population density by the dam construction, whereas Site 2 showed no significant changes ($F_{6,21}=1.00$, P =0.45) difference among years. Mean SBI prior to the dam construction in the Site 3 was 4.52 but after the construction, the value was 6.30, indicating a distinct difference between the pre- and post-dam construction. Trajectory analysis at the Site 3 supported this fact: Values of SBI showed significantly ($F_{6,21}$=14.37, p<0.01) different. Mean SBI was 4.67 in the Site 4, indicating a "good" condition in the health and the health rank was same as the sampling sites 1, 2, and 4. Trajectory in the Site 4 showed no significant ($F_{6,21}=2.35$, p=0.07) difference among the years. Overall, our trajectory analysis indicated that three of four sampling sites (sites 1, 3, 4) showed significant decreases (n=7, p<0.05) and that the proportions of sensitive species declined evidently in the sites 1 and 2 and the tolerant species increased in the dam sites. Our outcomes may be used as a key data for diagnosis of the long-term ecological impact in the future in the watershed.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.295-305
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• 2004

After the Rio declaration on environment and development in 1992, developed countries are undertaking "environmentally sustainable transportation (EST)" projects. To meet the needs for EST, current transportation policies in Korea are rapidly reforming and one of its concerns is modernizing and upgrading railway freight system. Planning new railroad construction projects is increasing and subsequent environmental impact assessment (EIA) demands improvements, especially in both the EIA and decision making systems. In this paper, we discuss the present status of EIA for railroad construction projects, especially, by analyzing the EIA documents for the last six years. The EIA for railroad construction projects accounts for only 4.9% of total 918 project EIAs during 1998-2003, and the portion is gradually increasing. Major environmental concerns for EIA in railroad construction projects were geomorphological and ecological changes, protection of rare organisms, air pollution, water pollution, waste management, and noise, etc. We compared characteristics of environmental impacts of railroad construction with those of vehicle road construction, based on environmental and construction-planning indicators appeared in Environmental Impact Statements. Railroad construction usually requires longer tunnels and bridges for a given length than those for vehicle road construction. In addition, the amounts of geomorphological and ecological changes (road-cutting, embankment, devegetation, etc.) in railroad construction were generally less than 50% of those in vehicle road construction. To develop environmentally friendly railway systems, monitoring studies for environmental impacts of railroads such as habitat fragmentation and road kills, dispersal of alien plants, tunnelling effects on groundwater and vegetation, and noise impacts are highly recommended.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.45-51
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• 1999

Emergy concept was used to evaluate the contributions of a dam construction to the real wealth of our economy. A dam that is proposed as a multi-purpose dam was used to illustrate emergy evaluation methodology. Models for emergy evaluation were constructed with energy systems language, a symbolic modeling language which presents network properties of systems holistically. Water supply was the most important contribution in terms of emergy, which reflects that the dam is proposed for stable water supply to a local region. Generation of electricity was the second in emergy benefits of the dam. Emergy costs were more evenly distributed among the costs which would occur as a result of the dam construction. Emergy yield ratio was 1.30 if sediments are not included, and 1.15 if sediments are included, which results in net yield in both cases. The ratio would, however, fall below 1.0 if rare species within the system boundary are lost as a result of the dam construction because of the high emergy value included in biotic species, which means that emergy costs will be greater than emergy benefits. This study illustrated a new methodology in environmental impact assessment to better manage our environments in an age of diminishing resources.