• 대기
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.507-524
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• 2008

In this paper, future climate changes over East Asia($20^{\circ}{\sim}50^{\circ}N$, $100^{\circ}{\sim}150^{\circ}E$) are projected by anthropogenic forcing of greenhouse gases and aerosols using coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) simulations based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) B1, A1B and A2 scenarios. Before projection future climate, model performance is assessed by the $20^{th}$ Century (20C3M) experiment with bias, root Mean Square Error (RMSE), ratio of standard deviation, Taylor diagram analysis. The result of examination of the seasonal uncertainty of T2m and PCP shows that cold bias, lowered than that of observation, of T2m and wet bias, larger than that of observation, of PCP are found over East Asia. The largest wet bias is found in winter and the largest cold bias is found in summer. The RMSE of temperature in the annual mean increases and this trend happens in winter, too. That is, higher resolution model shows generally better performances in simulation T2m and PCP. Based on IPCC SRES scenarios, East Asia will experience warmer and wetter climate in the coming $21^{st}$ century. It is predict the T2m increase in East Asia is larger than global mean temperature. As the latitude goes high, the warming over the continents of East Asia showed much more increase than that over the ocean. An enhanced land-sea contrast is proposed as a possible mechanism of the intensified Asian summer monsoon. But, the inter-model variability in PCP changes is large.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.161-177
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• 2011

오늘날 글로벌 금융환경에서는 국가 간 자본이동이 확대되고 금융시스템의 밀접한 연계가 이루어진다. 따라서 어느 특정 국가의 금융위기는 지역 및 글로벌 금융위기로 전이될 소지가 매우 높다. 최근 미국발 글로벌 금융위기(global financial crisis)는 과거 1997~1998년 동아시아 금융위기 이후 동아시아 역내 국가들이 추진하였던 지역 금융협력 및 통합의 필요성을 각인시키는 계기가 되었다. 동아시아 지역 내 금융위기의 재발을 방지하기 위해 역내 국가들은 독자적인 유동성 공급을 위한 치앙마이합의(CMI)와 치앙마이합의 다자화(CMIM)를 실현하였다. CMI와 CMIM에 따른 역내국들 간 통화스왑협정(bilateral swap arrangement)의 확대는 역내 금융위기 발생 시 외화유동성 부족 해결, 지나친 외환보유고 축적에 따른 기회비용 제거, 그리고 견고한 금융협력을 통한 금융통합 추진 및 상호무역의 촉진에 목적이 있다. 동아시아는 특유의 생산네트워크 체제(production sharing system)구축으로 역내교역 비중이 대단히 높다. 금융 통합의 사전적 단계인 긴밀화된 금융협력이 지속적으로 확대되고 있는 상황에서 동아시아 국가들의 금융협력이 역내 수출입 물류에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대해 임의효과모형 (random effect estimation)과 고정효과모형(fixed effect estimation)을 통해 분석하였다.

• 한국과 국제사회
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.137-162
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• 2018

본 논문은 해양력이 동아시아 해양공간에 미치는 지정학적 파장과 그 성격의 문제를 다룬다. 마한의 도서국가지배론에서 강조되고 있는 해양력이 갖는 의미를 분석하고, 해양력의 지정학적 성격을 파악한다. 이러한 인식과 함께, 21세기 현재 중국이 도련선 전략을 통해 태평양으로 진출하고 있는 지정전략적 성격과 그 파장의 문제를 조사한다. 지난 20세기를 전후한 시기에 일본이 해양력에 기초해서 동아시아 해양공간에서 세력권 확장을 기획하는 대동아공영권 정책을 구체화했고, 21세기에는 중국이 도련선 개념을 구체화하면서 동아시아 해양공간을 관리하려는 지정전략을 구사하고 있다. 중국의 도련선 전략이 미국을 비롯한 동아시아 국가들의 반발에 직면해 있는 상황에서 한국외교의 해양세력 의존정책이 21세기 현재에도 유용한가에 대한 질문을 던진다.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.545-561
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• 2018

Over the North East Asia, extreme anomalous precipitation were observed in 2013 and 2014. During 2013 summer the precipitation was found to be higher (two standard deviation) than the climatological mean of the region; whereas during 2014, which was a borderline El Ni?o year, precipitation was found to be lower (one standard deviation). To understand the differences of these two anomalous years the Global/Regional Integrated Model system (GRIMs) has been used. The study found that low landsurface temperature and high sea-surface temperature over ocean caused a smaller land-sea contrast of surface temperature between East Asia and North West Pacific Ocean in 2014, which could have caused an eastward shift of mean monsoon circulation in that year compared to the circulation in 2013. Due to a change in the lower level circulation and wind field over East Asia the evaporation and moisture transport patterns became very different in those two years. In 2013, this study found high latent heat flux over Eastern China, which implies an increased surface evaporation over that region, and the moisture transported to the north by the mean monsoon circulation; whereas, there was no correlated transport of moisture to the North East Asia during 2014. The precipitable water over North East Asia has a stronger correlation with the latent heat flux over southern land region than that from Ocean region in the eastern side in both the years. A new approach is proposed to estimate the sub-grid scale hydrometeors from GRIMs, overestimated in the existing model.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

Since its defeat in the Second World War, Japan has been fostering good ties with Western countries, especially the United States. However, some East Asian leaders emboldened by their countries' economic success have proclaimed that the future belongs to Asia and have put forward the "Asian values" argument. It is interesting to note that some elements of the "Asian values" argument resemble ultranationalist discourse that was dominant in Japan before the war. The Japanese Government had a great opportunity to reappraise its role in international politics and take stock of its economic and diplomatic relations with East Asian countries after the end of the Cold War. To meet future challenges, Japan should fully overcome anti-Western sentiment and participate in establishing a truly democratic East Asian regionalism based on the "universal values" of human rights, democracy and freedom. This may prove to be one of the biggest challenges for Japan's East Asia policy in the new century.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.13-28
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• 2008

The concept of health has existed through the history of mankind; the recognition and adaptation of such concept has transformed over time with the development of culture throughout the age of humans. These concept wasn't absent in the content East Asian Medicines, which is represented by Huangdi's Internal Classic. However, due to imperialism and colonial polocies in the past, biomedical concepts of health has been accepted with force. The concept of "health" in pathological medicines of biomedicine refers to the of anatomical and biological completeness of the body system. In East Asia, Korean especially, a number of concepts regarding these subjects has been informed by Japanese physicians, such as Hukujawa Yukichi. Understanding the idea of body in the angle of philosophy, history, and medicine in the cultural area of East Asia is necessary.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.297-309
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• 2012

본 연구는 미국의 세계지리 교과서에 동아시아는 어떻게 재현하고 있으며 그러한 재현 속에 뿌리내리고 있는 문화적 및 정치적 인식론의 틀은 무엇인가를 중국과 일본을 중심으로 분석하고자 한다. 이를 위해 미국 코네티컷 주 공립 중학교에서 가장 많이 채택된 4종의 세계지리 교과서를 대상으로 내용분석 방법을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미국 세계지리 교과서는 동아시아를 서양과는 다른 생활 방식을 가진 신기하면서도 이국적이고, 동질적이며 정적인 세계로 묘사하는 문화적 인식론의 틀을 가지고 있다. 둘째, 미국 세계지리 교과서는 중국을 전통적이고 부정적 이미지로, 일본을 현대적이고 긍정적 이미지로 표현한다. 이러한 차이는 미국과 이들 국가 간의 관계에 기인한 것이며, 이것은 동아시아에 대한 미국의 인식론의 틀이 미국과 동아시아의 관계에 따라 달라질 수 있음을 시사한다. 셋째, 미국 세계지리 교과서는 미국과 동아시아 간의 위계적 질서를 강조하며 글로벌 문화와 경제에 대한 동아시아 국가들의 기여를 생략하는 식민주의 관점을 정치적 인식론의 틀로 삼고 있다. 이러한 연구 결과는 우리나라 세계지리 교과서의 기저에 깔려 있는 이웃 아시아 혹은 비서구 사회에 대한 우리의 문화적 및 정치적 인식론의 틀에 대한 검토의 필요성을 지적한다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.28-28
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• 1995

The aim of the present study is to investigate the interannual variabilities of the East Asia monsoon rainfall associated with the global sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA). For this study, the summer rainfall(from June to August) over the twenty-eight period of 1961-1988 were analyzed with being divided by nine-subregions over East Asia including Korea, China and Japan. From the analysis of the principal modes explaining the interannual variation, the interannual variabilities of summer rainfalls in South Japan and Korea are larger than those of the other subregions of the East Asia. There is a strong negative correlation between the summer rainfalls of south China and Korea. In this study, the relationship between the summer monsoon of each subregion and SSTs of the tropical NINO regions, of western Pacific warm pool, and of the subtropical ocean were investigated. The longitudinal sections of the lagged cross correlations of the summer rainfal1 anomaly in (a) Korea and (b) south China, and the monthly SSTA in the equatorial(averaged from 65 to 6N) Pacific were analyzed. The negative maximum correlation pattems of Korea''s stammer rainfal1 and SSTs over the eastern Pacific is transfered to positive maximum conrlation over central Pacific region with a biennial periodicity. In South China, the significant positive correlations are found at -12 month lag over the eastern Pacific and maximum negative correlation at 16 month lag over the central Pacific with the quasi-biennial oscillation. But the correlation coefficient reverses completely to that in Korea. In order to investigate the most prevailing interannual variability of rainfall related to the favored SSTA region, the lagged cross correlations between East Asia rainfall and SSTs over the moO regions(NINO 1+2(0-105, 90W-80W), NINO 3(5N-5S, 150W-90W), NINO 4(5N-5S, 160E-l50W) and the western Pacific worm pool (5N-5S, 120E-l60E) were analyzed. Among the lagged cross-correlation cycles in NINO regions, the maximum correlations for the negative lagged months prevail in NINO 1+2 and NINO 3, and the cross correlations for the positive lagged months NINO 4. It is noteworthy that correlation between the western Pacific warm pool SSTA and the monsoon rainfall in Korea and South China have the maximum value at negative 4 month lag. The evolution of the correlation between the East Asia monsoon rainfall and SSTA is linked to the equatorial convective cluster and related to northward propagating situation, and raising the possibility that the East Asia monsoon precipitation may be more fundamentally related to the interaction of intraseasonal oscillations and the sub-regional characteristics including the surface boundary conditions and the behavior of climatological air mass.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.413-426
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• 1995

The aim of the present study is to investigate the interannual variabilities of the East Asia monsoon rainfall associated with the global sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA). For this study, the summer rainfall(from June to August) over the twenty-eight period of 1961-1988 were analyzed with being divided by nine-subregions over East Asia including Korea, China and Japan. From the analysis of the principal modes explaining the interannual variation, the interannual variabilities of summer rainfalls in South Japan and Korea are larger than those of the other subregions of the East Asia. There is a strong negative correlation between the summer rainfalls of south China and Korea. In this study, the relationship between the summer monsoon of each subregion and SSTs of the tropical NINO regions, of western Pacific warm pool, and of the subtropical ocean were investigated. The longitudinal sections of the lagged cross correlations of the summer rainfal1 anomaly in (a) Korea and (b) south China, and the monthly SSTA in the equatorial(averaged from 65 to 6N) Pacific were analyzed. The negative maximum correlation pattems of Korea's stammer rainfal1 and SSTs over the eastern Pacific is transfered to positive maximum conrlation over central Pacific region with a biennial periodicity. In South China, the significant positive correlations are found at -12 month lag over the eastern Pacific and maximum negative correlation at 16 month lag over the central Pacific with the quasi-biennial oscillation. But the correlation coefficient reverses completely to that in Korea. In order to investigate the most prevailing interannual variability of rainfall related to the favored SSTA region, the lagged cross correlations between East Asia rainfall and SSTs over the moO regions(NINO 1+2(0-105, 90W-80W), NINO 3(5N-5S, 150W-90W), NINO 4(5N-5S, 160E-l50W) and the western Pacific worm pool (5N-5S, 120E-l60E) were analyzed. Among the lagged cross-correlation cycles in NINO regions, the maximum correlations for the negative lagged months prevail in NINO 1+2 and NINO 3, and the cross correlations for the positive lagged months NINO 4. It is noteworthy that correlation between the western Pacific warm pool SSTA and the monsoon rainfall in Korea and South China have the maximum value at negative 4 month lag. The evolution of the correlation between the East Asia monsoon rainfall and SSTA is linked to the equatorial convective cluster and related to northward propagating situation, and raising the possibility that the East Asia monsoon precipitation may be more fundamentally related to the interaction of intraseasonal oscillations and the sub-regional characteristics including the surface boundary conditions and the behavior of climatological air mass.

• Strategy21
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• 통권36호
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• pp.5-32
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• 2015

Geopolitics or Political Geography is an essential academic field that should be studied carefully for a more comprehensive analysis of international security relations. However, because of its tarnished image as an ideology that supported the NAZI German expansion and aggression, geopolitics has not been regarded as a pure academic field and was rejected and expelled from the academic communities starting from the Cold War years in 1945. During the Cold War, ideology, rather than geography, was considered more important in conducting and analyzing international relations. However, after the end of the Cold War and with the beginning of a new era in which territorial and religious confrontations are taking place among nations - including sub national tribal political organizations such as the Al Quaeda and other terrorist organizations - geopolitical analysis again is in vogue among the scholars and analysts on international security affairs. Most of the conflicts in international relations that is occurring now in the post-Cold War years can be explained more effectively with geopolitical concepts. The post - Cold War international relations among East Asian countries are especially better explained with geopolitical concepts. Unlike Europe, where peaceful development took place after the Cold War, China, Japan, Korea, the United States, Taiwan and Vietnam are feeling more insecure in the post-Cold War years. Most of the East Asian nations' economies have burgeoned during the Cold War years under the protection of the international security structure provided by the two superpowers. However, after the Cold War years, the international security structure has not been stable in East Asia and thus most of the East Asian nations began to build up stronger military forces of their own. Because most of the East Asian nations' national security and economy depend on the oceans, these nations desire to obtain more powerful navies and try to occupy islands, islets, or even rocks that may seem like a strategic asset for their economy and security. In this regard, the western Pacific Ocean is becoming a place of confrontation among the East Asian nations. As Robert Kaplan, an eminent international analyst, mentioned, East Asia is a Seascape while Europe is a Landscape. The possibility of international conflict on the waters of East Asia is higher than in any other period in East Asia's international history.