• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.662-670
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• 2005

Statement of problem: Little is known about the effect of abutment preparation procedure on do-torque values in different implant platform and the relationship of final do-torque values with different implant platform size. Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of abutment preparation procedure on do-torque values in different implant platform and the relationship of final do-torque values with different implant platform size. Material and method: Six ITI implants (2 narrow-neck implants, 2 regular-neck implants, 2 wide-neck implants) and six Branemark implants (2 narrow platforms, 2 regular platforms, 2 wide platforms) were embedded in each acrylic resin block with epoxy resin. Eighteen $synOcta^(R)$ abutments (6 narrow-neck implant-abutments, 6 regular-neck implant-abutments, 6 wide-neck implant-abutments) and eighteen esthetic abutments (6 narrow platform-abutments, 6 regular platform-abutments, 6 wide platform-abutments) were tightened to each implant with digital torque gauge. Initial do-torque values were measured using digital torque gauge. After preparation of abutments, Final do-torque values were measured with digital torque gauge. Results and conclusion: 1. Screws loosening or abutments motion were not detected in all experimental group, but some scratches of implant-abutment joints were detected in all group 2. Reduction ratios of final do-torque values were greater than initial do-torque values in all measured group, except in narrow-neck implant-abutment group (p<0.05). 3. Reduction ratios of final do-torque values in wide-neck implant-abutment group were greater than regular-neck implant-abutment group (p<0.01). 4. The greatest standard deviation value was detected in wide platform group in both implant systems.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

This paper is the study on the development of a torque precision measuring system using the curve fitting algorithm. This system can be divided into the hardware part and the software part. The hardware part consists of the main base board, the DAQ(Data Aquisition) board and Calibration parts. The software part consists of the software filter module and the curve fitting algorithm module. We have tested the torque transducer including the strain gauge for 200 Nm range and have analyzed the data acquired with the curve fitting algorithm by using this system. The DAQ board converts the electric signal induced by the transducer to the digital value precisely by using the shunt calibration procedure. The main board including the curve fitting algorithm calculates the exact digital torque value by using the digital value from the DAQ board. In this study, we confirmed that the result of the appropriate high-order power-series polynomial function is more accurate than the result of the low-order power-series polynomial through the system.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.136-143
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• 2021

Purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of repeated use of an implant handpiece under an implant placement torque (35 Ncm) and overloading torque condition (50 Ncm) on an output torque. Materials and Methods. Two types of implant handpiece systems (Surgicpro/X-DSG20L [NSK, Kanuma, Japan] and SIP20/CRB46LN [SAESHIN, Daegu, South Korea]) were used. The output torque was measured using a digital torque gauge. The height and angle (x, y, and z axes) of the digital torque gauge and implant handpiece were adjusted through a jig for passive connection. The experiment was conducted under the setting torque value of 35 Ncm (implant placement torque) and 50 Ncm (overloading torque condition) and 30 times per set; a total of 5 sets were performed (N = 150). For statistical analysis, the difference between the groups was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Friedman test was used to confirm the change in output torque (α=.05). Results. NSK and SAESHIN implant handpieces showed significant differences in output torque results at the setting torques of 35 Ncm and 50 Ncm (P<.001). The type of implant handpiece and repeated use influenced the output torque (P<.001). Conclusion. There may be a difference between the setting torque and actual output torque due to repeated use, and the implant handpiece should be managed and repaired during long-term use. In addition, for successful implant results in dental clinics, the output torque of the implant handpiece system should be checked before implant placement.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.310-315
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• 2015

목적: 본 연구는 토크 게이지를 이용하여, 치과 기공사들이 임플란트 기공을 진행할 때 가하는 토크의 양을 측정해 분석하고, 이러한 결과가 보철물에 어떠한 결과를 미치는 알아보기 위함이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 치과 기공사들이 임플란트 기공시 임플란트 나사에 가하는 토크를 디지털 토크 게이지를 이용하여 측정한다. 이후 기성지대주와 analog를 이용하여, 제조사의 권장 토크로 조였을 때의 길이를 통계학적으로 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 치과 기공사들의 임플란트 기공시 평균 토크는 $1.563{\pm}0.332Ncm$로 나타났으며, 제조사의 권장토크 값으로 조였을 때와 비교하면, 외부연결형의 침하량 차이는 없으나, 내부연결형의 침하량의 차이는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(P < 0.05). 결론: 치과기공실에서도 제조사의 권장토크를 이용하여 보철물 기공작업을 시행하고, 정확한 토크 게이지의 사용법을 익히면, 기공오차에 따른 임플란트의 부적합을 어느 정도 해소할 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2009

Tightening of the screws in implant restorations should be accurate and precise. If applied torque is too low, screw loosening would be occurred. With too high torque, the screw fracture might take place. Various torque generating devices are developed and employed to apply a proper torque. The purpose of this investigation was to determine and compare the accuracy of the torque controllers. In this study, 4 types of torque controllers were used; electronic torque controller, torque limiting device, torque indicating device and contra angle torque driver. Digital torque gauge was employed to measure the de-torque value. Thirty cycles of tightening and loosening were done with each torque controller. All implant torque controllers have shown slight errors and deviations. The torque liming device exhibited the most accurate data. No significant difference was found among the mean de-torque values of the electronic torque controller, torque indicating device and contra angle torque driver. In the limitation of this study, it would be recommended that the implant torque controllers should be checked whether uniformed and precise torque can be generated and a measuring error should be corrected.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.227-237
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• 2007

Various methods and torque generating devices are developed and employed to apply proper torque clinically. In this study, clinically used torque control devices are measured whether uniformed and precise torque are generated. Digital torque gauge are employed for measurement and torque driver, torque limiting device, torque indicating device are used for torque generating devices. ${\chi}^2$ distribution was formed and One-way ANOVA(Turkey test) was performed to measure torque values generated by each torque generating device. In the results, all companies have been shown slight errors and deviations. This indicates a difficulty of applying precise torque. Therefore, it would be recommended torque generating device should be checked whether uniformed and precise torque can be generated and an error should be corrected.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.157-168
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• 2008

네 종류의 토크 조절기(전자 토크 조절기($Br{\aa}nemark$), 토크 최대값 제한 장치(Pentaborn), 토크 표시 장치(ITI), 콘트라앵글 토크장치(Anthogyr))를 이용하여 나사의 조임 및 풀림 토크값을 측정하여 적정 토크 값과 토크 조절기를 통해 적용되는 실제 토크값에 대한 차를을 측정하여 토크 조절기의 정확도를 비교, 분석하였다. 풀림토크의 평균값 및 최대값과 최소값을 살펴 본 결과 Pentaborn과 같은 토크 최대값 제한 장치의 정확도가 다른 세 종류의 토크 조절기에 비해 우수한 것으로 나타났으며 15회 정도의 조임과 풀림은 큰 영향을 미치지 않지만 그 이상의 조임과 풀림은 정확한 토크 조절에 나쁜 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러므로 토크 조절기가 일정하고 정확한 토크값을 반복적으로 유지하는지 확인 및 교정하면서 임상적으로 적용해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.324-330
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• 2006

Sandblasted large grit, acid etched(SLA)표면처리 된 교정용 미니 임플랜트와 평활면을 가진 교정용 미니 임플랜트 사이에 제거회전력과 조직학적 소견을 통해 표면처리된 교정용 임플랜트의 임상적 가능성에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 실험재료로는 길이가 9.5 mm, 외경이 1.8 mm인 custom made, screw shaped, titanium implants가 사용되었다. 미니 임플랜트는 두개의 군으로 분류되었는데 SLA군은 20개의 SLA 표면처리된 미니 임플랜트이었고, 평활면군은 크기와 형태가 같지만 SLA처리공정이 생략되어 제작된 20개의 미니 임플랜트로 구성되었다. 이들은 10마리 가토의 경골에 식립되었다. 각각의 가토의 우측 경골에는 SLA군의 미니 임플랜트 2개가 식립되었고, 좌측 경골에는 평활면군의 미니 임플랜트 2개가 식립되었다. 각 군에는 식립 직후 Ni-Ti coil spring에 의해 약 150 g의 지속적인 견인력이 주어졌다. 식립 6주 후에 10마리의 가토를 희생하였고, 안정된 상태에서 Ni-Ti coil spring을 제거하였으며 digital torque gauge를 이용하여 제거 회전력을 측정하였다. 식립 6주 후에 SLA군의 경우 (8.29 Ncm) 평활면군 (3.34 Ncm)에 비해 더 높은 평균 제거회전력을 나타내었고 조직학적 소견에서도 screw 하방에서의 신생골 형성이 관찰되었다. SLA 표면처리된 미니 임플랜트는 평활면 미니 임플랜트에 비해 좀 더 강한 교정력에 저항할 수 있을 것으로 예상되었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.329-338
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• 2007

Purpose. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of TiN coating of abutment screw on the unscrewing torque. Material and methods. Titanium and Gold-Tite abutment screws were classified into two groups, Group A and C respectively, as control groups. Titanium abutment screws with TiN coatings were also classified into two groups, Group B and D, as experimental ones. Group A and B were tightened to 20 Ncm input torque, and Group C and D were tightened to 32 Ncm torque. Detorque values were measured with digital torque gauge during repeated closing and opening experiment. Results. Abutment screws with TiN coating (Group B and D) showed statistically significant higher mean detorque values than those of Group A and C. Discussion. Physical properties of TiN coating, such as low friction coefficient, high hardness and wear resistance, might contribute to higher detorque values. Conclusion. It is suggested that TiN coating of abutment screw help to reduce the risk of screw loosening and improve the stability of screw joint.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.246-261
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• 2002

The screw loosening is one of the complications that happen frequently in dental implant prostheses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes of reverse/loosening (opening) torque of the screw according to the surface modifications by sandblasting and 24K gold electroplating as well as to determine the possibility of the clinical use of a washer in dental implant. The reverse torque of 4 experimental conditions(control, sandblasted, use of washers, electroplasted) was measured by digital torque gauge (Model MGT50Z, Mark-10 Corp., 458 West John Street Hicksville, NY 11801 USA). Electronic torque controller (Nobel Biocare DEA 020) was used in fastening the gold screws into abutment replicas. Mixed Linear Model Analysis method was used for statistical analysis. To examine the changes of screw thread surface, microphotographs were taken by Olympus PME-3 metallurgic microscope (Olympus Optical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Within the limitations of this study, the following results were drawn: 1. The surface modifications of the gold screws and the use of a washer have significantly affected the reverse torque value compared to the control group (P<0.01). 2. Sandblasting and electroplating treatments demonstrated significantly higher reverse torque value than that of control group. 3. The use of a washer may be one of the useful clinical methods that prevent the screw loosening. However, further studies are necessary for the material selection and design of the washer.