• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.688-699
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• 2017

Model-based test, a well-known method of the black box tests, is consisted of the following four steps : model construction using requirement, test case generation from the model, execution of a SUT (software under test) and detection failures. Among models constructed in the first step, state-based models such as UML standard State Machine are commonly used to design event-based embedded systems (e.g., weapon control systems). To generate test cases from state-based models in the next step, coverage-based techniques such as state coverage and transition coverage are used. Round-trip path coverage technique using W-Method, one of coverage-based techniques, is known as more effective method than others. However it has a limitation of low failure observability because the W-Method technique terminates a testing process when arrivals meet states already visited and it is hard to decide the current state is completely same or not with the previous in the case like the GUI environment. In other words, there can exist unrevealed faults. Therefore, this study suggests a Extended W-Method. The Extended W-Method extends the round-trip path to a final state to improve failure observability. In this paper, we compare effectiveness and efficiency with requirement-item-based technique, W-Method and our Extended W-Method. The result shows that our technique can detect five and two more faults respectively and has the performance of 28 % and 42 % higher failure detection probability than the requirement-item-based and W-Method techniques, respectively.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.449-455
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• 2015

Built-In-Test(이하: BIT)는 항공기 비행안전을 위해 반드시 필요한 기능으로 항공전자 장비의 경우 95% 이상의 높은 고장 진단능력을 요구하고 있다. BIT가 요구도에 명시된 고장 진단능력을 만족시키는지 확인하기 위해 BIT 성능분석이 필요하다. BIT 성능분석을 위해 FMECA (Failure Mode Effect Critical Analysis)에 기술된 고장모드를 활용하는 방법이 많이 사용되고 있으나, 본 논문에서는 분석 오류를 최소화할 수 있는 전자부품 기반의 BIT 성능분석 방법론을 소개한다. 또한, BIT 성능분석에서 제외될 수 있는 비행안전에 영향을 미치지 않는 전자부품 및 전자부품의 고장모드를 실제 개발사례에 적용하여 불필요한 BIT 기능 구현을 방지하고 정확한 BIT 성능분석을 수행할 수 있도록 하였다. BIT Demo를 수행하여 BIT 성능분석 결과와 실제 BIT 성능이 일치함을 확인하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권7A호
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• pp.697-705
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• 2010

WSN에서의 커버리지 문제는 센싱 커버리지에 대한 요구조건을 만족시키기 위해 필요한 최소한의 활동 센서(active sensor)의 개수로 공식화될 수 있다. 일반적으로 확률적 기하학을 이용하여 WSN의 커버리지 분석을 수행하기 때문에 센싱 모델이 커버리지 분석의 핵심 요소로 간주된다. 따라서, 커버리지 분석의 정확도는 어떠한 센싱 모델을 가정하였느냐에 따라 달라질 수 있으며 분석에 사용된 센싱 모델이 얼마나 실 센싱 환경에 가깝게 특성화 되었느냐에 따라 달라진다. 본 논문에서는 Boolean 모델, Exponential 모델, Hybrid 모델 등 다양한 형태의 결정적 혹은 확률적 센싱 모델들을 조사하고 각각의 센싱 모델에 따라 일정 영역을 센싱할 수 있는 최소한의 센서 개수를 도출할 수 있는 수리적 분석을 수행하였으며 이를 통해 성능을 비교 평가하였다.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 2006년도 춘계공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.17-24
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• 2006

We consider the sensor location problem (SLP) on a given sensor field. We present the sensor field as grid of points. There are several types of sensors which have different detection ranges and costs. If a sensor is placed in some point, the points inside of its detection range can be covered. The coverage ratio decreases with distance. The problem we consider in this thesis is called multiple-type differential coverage sensor location problem (MDSLP). MDSLP is more realistic than SLP. The coverage quantities of points are different with their distance form sensor location in MDSLP. The objective of MDSLP is to minimize total sensor costs while covering every sensor field. This problem is known as NP-hard. We propose a new integer programming formulation of the problem. In comparison with the previous models, the new model has a smaller number of constraints and variables. This problem has symmetric structure in its solutions. This group is used for pruning in the branch-and-bound tree. We solved this problem by branch-and-cut(B&C) approach. We tested our algorithm on about 60 instances with varying sizes.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.270-279
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• 1998

This paper presents the design of self-checking comparator using the time diversity and the application to 8 bit CPU for the implementation of fault tolerant computer system. this self-checking comparator was designed with the different time Points in which temporary faults were raised by electrical noise between duplicated functional blocks. also this self-checking comparator was simulated in the method of the fault injection using 4 bit shift register counter. we designed the duplicated Emotional block and the self-checking comparator in the single chip using the Altera EPLD and could verify the reliability and the fault detection coverage through the modeling of temporary faults ,especially intermittent faults. at the results of this research, the reliability and the fault detection coverage were implemented through the self-checking comparator using the time diversity.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.81-94
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• 2016

교통신호를 가변 운영하는 실시간신호제어시스템은 방향별 움직임 포화도 추정을 위해 이론 기반 모형을 활용하나, 현장구축 실무에선 지침 부재로 모형에 고려되지 않은 운영상황에도 시스템을 설치하여 왔다. 본 연구는 서울시 실시간신호제어시스템 서버 운영 이력자료를 활용하여 교통조건, 기하구조 조건, 검지기 설치위치 등 현장여건에 따른 실시간신호제어시스템 포화도 모형의 포화도 추정 패턴을 진단한다. 총 476,505 신호주기 이력자료를 분석하여 직진 움직임 포화도를 진단한 결과 (1) 검지기가 모든 직진차로에 설치될 때 일부차로에 표본 설치되는 상황보다 포화도 추정이 안정적으로 판단되고, (2) 가로변버스전용차로가 존재하는 경우는 오히려 검지기를 일부 차로 표본 설치하는 것이 안정적으로 분석되며, (3) 공유차로 포함 차로군 검지기가 활용되는 경우 차량간섭으로 인해 포화도 추정이 정상적이지 않은 것으로 분석되고, (4) 검지기가 전용차로에 설치되더라도 공유차로에 인접한 경우도 차량간섭에 지속 영향 받아 포화도 추정이 어렵고, (5) 하루 24시간 중 특정시간은 교통흐름 속성에 따라 포화도 추정이 안정적이지 않을 수 있다는 내용이 진단되었다. 이러한 진단결과를 종합하여 향후 포화도 추정모형 개발단계 및 시스템 현장구축 단계에서 참조 가능한 기술발전 방향을 제언한다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.25-38
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• 2016

With the increasing need for high temporal resolution satellite imagery for monitoring land surfaces, this study evaluated the temporal resolution of the NDVI composites from Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) data. The GOCI is the first geostationary satellite sensor designed to provide continuous images over a $2,500{\times}2,500km^2$ area of the northeast Asian region with relatively high spatial resolution of 500 m. We used total 2,944 hourly images of the GOCI level 1B radiance data obtained during the one-year period from April 2011 to March 2012. A daily NDVI composite was produced by maximum value compositing of eight hourly images captured during day-time. Further NDVI composites were created with different compositing periods ranging from two to five days. The cloud coverage of each composite was estimated by the cloud detection method developed in study and then compared with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua cloud product and 16-day NDVI composite. The GOCI NDVI composites showed much higher temporal resolution with less cloud coverage than the MODIS NDVI products. The average of cloud coverage for the five-day GOCI composites during the one year was only 2.5%, which is a significant improvement compared to the 8.9%~19.3% cloud coverage in the MODIS 16-day NDVI composites.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• 제33권52호
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• pp.337.1-337.14
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• 2018

Background: Mitochondrial heteroplasmy, the co-existence of different mitochondrial polymorphisms within an individual, has various forensic and clinical implications. But there is still no guideline on the application of massively parallel sequencing (MPS) in heteroplasmy detection. We present here some critical issues that should be considered in heteroplasmy studies using MPS. Methods: Among five samples with known innate heteroplasmies, two pairs of mixture were generated for artificial heteroplasmies with target minor allele frequencies (MAFs) ranging from 50% to 1%. Each sample was amplified by two-amplicon method and sequenced by Ion Torrent system. The outcomes of two different analysis tools, Torrent Suite Variant Caller (TVC) and mtDNA-Server (mDS), were compared. Results: All the innate heteroplasmies were detected correctly by both analysis tools. Average MAFs of artificial heteroplasmies correlated well to the target values. The detection rates were almost 90% for high-level heteroplasmies, but decreased for low-level heteroplasmies. TVC generally showed lower detection rates than mDS, which seems to be due to their own computation algorithms which drop out some reference-dominant heteroplasmies. Meanwhile, mDS reported several unintended low-level heteroplasmies which were suggested as nuclear mitochondrial DNA sequences. The average coverage depth of each sample placed on the same chip showed considerable variation. The increase of coverage depth had no effect on the detection rates. Conclusion: In addition to the general accuracy of the MPS application on detecting heteroplasmy, our study indicates that the understanding of the nature of mitochondrial DNA and analysis algorithm would be crucial for appropriate interpretation of MPS results.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.3712-3729
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• 2020

Smoke detection is helpful for early fire detection. With its large coverage area and low cost, vision-based smoke detection technology is the main research direction of outdoor smoke detection. We propose a two-stage smoke detection method combined with block Deep Normalization and Convolutional Neural Network (DNCNN) and visual change image. In the first stage, each suspected smoke region is detected from each frame of the images by using block DNCNN. According to the physical characteristics of smoke diffusion, a concept of visual change image is put forward in this paper, which is constructed by the video motion change state of the suspected smoke regions, and can describe the physical diffusion characteristics of smoke in the time and space domains. In the second stage, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is used to classify the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) features of visual change images of the suspected smoke regions, in this way to reduce the false alarm caused by the smoke-like objects such as cloud and fog. Simulation experiments are carried out on two public datasets of smoke. Results show that the accuracy and recall rate of smoke detection are high, and the false alarm rate is much lower than that of other comparison methods.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제46권9호
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• pp.14-24
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• 2009

System on panel 프레임 버퍼를 위한 메모리 셀 어레이와 주변회로가 설계되었다. 또한, system on panel 공정의 낮은 yield를 극복하기 위해, 블럭 단위의 parallel test 방안이 제안되었다. 기존의 메모리 테스트 보다 빠르게 fault detection이 가능하며, 다양한 embedded memory나 일반 SRAM 테스트 분야에도 적용 가능하다. 또한 기존의 다양한 test vector pattern이 그대로 적용될 수 있어 fault coverage가 높고, 최근의 추세인 hierarchical bit line과 divided word line 구조에도 적용될 수 있다.