• ETRI Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.311-322
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• 2002

Presently, optical burst switching (OBS) technology is under study as a promising solution for the backbone of the optical Internet in the near future because OBS eliminates the optical buffer problem at the switching node with the help of no optical/electro/optical conversion and guarantees class of service without any buffering. To implement the OBS network, there are a lot of challenging issues to be solved. The edge router, burst offset time management, and burst assembly mechanism are critical issues. In addition, the core router needs data burst and control header packet scheduling, a protection and restoration mechanism, and a contention resolution scheme. In this paper, we focus on the burst assembly mechanism. We present a novel data burst generation algorithm that uses hysteresis characteristics in the queueing model for the ingress edge node in optical burst switching networks. Simulation with Poisson and self-similar traffic models shows that this algorithm adaptively changes the data burst size according to the offered load and offers high average data burst utilization with a lower timer operation. It also reduces the possibility of a continuous blocking problem in the bandwidth reservation request, limits the maximum queueing delay, and minimizes the required burst size by lifting up data burst utilization for bursty input IP traffic.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.121-134
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• 2010

Past studies in e-commerce loyalty were mostly focused on the effects of customer satisfaction and trust on loyalty toward online vendors. Few studies investigated the impacts of switching barriers, whilst they are widely proven to affect customer loyalty in offline commerce. Even in a handful of studies that did deal with switching barriers, their treatment of the subject remained at best superficial. This may have to do with the fact that switching costs in e-commerce could be comparatively negligible, as switching to another online vendor often involves one simple mouse click. In this study, we investigated the impact of switching barriers on loyalty under the e-commerce context. Furthermore, the extent of switching barriers which could be affected by those positive factors (most constructs were adopted from IDT) was also examined. The statistical testing results revealed that combined model which includes both the positive factors and the switching barriers explains the loyalty formation process more strongly ($R^2$ = 0.543) than each separated models ($R^2$ = 0.468 for positive factor only model, and $R^2$ = 0.365 for switching barrier only model). While only the two switching barriers such as convenience and emotional were shown to be statistically significant, we found that trust strongly influences customer's emotional barrier, let alone direct impact on loyalty, which thereby influences loyalty. The results offer insights for better understanding switching barriers in e-commerce related applications.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.166-178
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to investigate the impacts of interactivity, site stickiness, and switching barrier on intention to use. For this purpose, the study tested covariance structural model which set relationships among independent variable(interactivity), meditated variables(site stickiness and switching barrier), and dependent variable(intention to use). The data were collected from a sample of 239 internet shopper of college female students. The covariance structural model and research hypothesis analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 and AMOS 5.0 program. The results are as follows: First, the structural model is accepted significantly. Second, interactivity had a positive influence on site stickiness, switching barrier, and intention to use. And it was found to have a indirect effect on intention to use through site stickiness and switching barrier. Third, site stickiness had a positive influence on switching barrier. Forth, site stickiness and switching barrier had a positive impact on intention to use.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.900-906
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• 2008

This study investigated factors influencing consumers' switching behavior in apparel purchasing situation. As customer switching behavior is getting more and more important, a considerable amount of researches have focused on how service providers acquire and sustain customers. The field of customers' switching behavior has been relatively well researched over the years, at least from the perspective of the cultural value(Chemyen). The purpose of this study is to understand customer' switching behavior to relationship benefits and Chemyeon. The sample was consisted on 182 females over 20 years old living in Ulsan and Gyungnam province. The data was analyzed by frequency, reliability, factor analysis, and structural equation model analysis. Findings showed that Chemyeon was shown to reduce customer' switching behavior. Also, three factors of relationship benefits(economic benefit, social·psychological benefit, and special treatment benefit) had negative effects on customer' switching behavior.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.107-125
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• 1993

Modern telecommunication switching systems are SPC(Stored Program Control) machines handling voice, data and other kinds of traffic, in an environment which tends to be fully digital switching and transmission. The throughput of such systems is determined by the real time capacity of its centralized or distributed control processors and by the traffic capacity of the switching network. Designers must verify the traffic and call processing capacity of the switching system and check its performance under traffic load before it is put into service. Verification of traffic and call processing capacity of switching systems is one of the problems treated by teletraffic studies ; teletraffic studies are based on stochastic process, queueing theory, simulations and other quantitative methods of decision making. This study suggests the general methodology to evaluate the throughput and performance of the ISDN switching system. TDX-10 ISDN switching system are employed to give illustrative examples of the methodologies discussed in this study.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.17-34
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• 1987

Modern telecommunication switching systems are SPC (Stored Program Control) machines handling voice, data and other kinds of traffic, in an environment which tends to be fully digital switching and transmission. The throughput of such systems is determined by the real time capacity of its centralized or distributed control processors and by the traffic capacity of the switching network. Designers must verify the traffic and call processing capacity of the switching system and check its performance under traffic load before it is put into service. Verification of traffic and call processing capacity of switching systems is one of the problems treated by teletraffic studies; teletraffic studies are based on stochastic process, queueing theory, simulations and other quantitative methods of decision making. This paper reviews the general methodologies to evaluate the throughput and performance of the digital switching system. TDX-10, which is a fully digital switching system under development in ETRI, is employed to give illustrative examples of the methodologies discussed in this paper.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1512-1523
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were to examine the effect of switching barrier perception on store loyalty in apparel product purchasing to classify the factors of switching barrier perception, and additionally ot identify differences of store loyalty and switching barrier perception according to demographic characteristics. The questionnaire was administered to 300 women shopped in a department store in Gwang-ju city during February 10-23, 2001. Data collected from 261 women were analyzed by using frequency, factor analysis, ANOVA, Duncan-test, regression analysis by SPSS for windows PC program. The results were as follows; 1. The consumer’s perceived switching barrier was composed of three factors; economic psychological, time factor. 2. There was significant difference in store loyalty according to consumer’s age, occupation, education level. and income. 3. There was significant differences in economic. time switching barrier perception according to consumers’age, occupation education level, and income. There was significant difference in psychological switching barrier perception according to consumers’ occupation education level, and income. 4. The swiching barrier perception significantly infulenced on the store loyalty.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.157-180
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• 2010

Rapid development of information technology has generated a new industry and market. In particular, network technology such as the Internet and other computer networks made transaction activities switched from traditional offline commerce to e-commerce. Among them, digital content is bit-based object which is created and distributed through electronic environment. In particular, many entertainment contents such as the music, the movies, and the computer game softwares are main products. Although digital content commerce has high potential demand, it lacks the consideration about the factor related to maintaining existing customer such as customer loyalty and switching costs. There has been a number of research on customer loyalty and other factors affecting it in the traditional electronic commerce environment, but there is a lack of research which examines the characteristics of digital content. The study about the effect of switching costs on customer loyalty in digital content commerce is necessary because the customers of digital content commerce market are from those of other e-commerce market or traditional offline commerce market. In addition, customer loyalty and switching costs are important factors because they may build up greater customer retention. For that reason, this study focused on examining the relationships among switching costs, antecedents for switching costs, and customer loyalty in online digital music service industry. The study has three major purposes: (1) to find antecedents of switching costs on digital content commerce and examine effect of antecedents for switching costs; (2) to identify effect of switching costs on customer loyalty in digital content commerce and examine moderating effects of alternative attractiveness; (3) to identify the differences of antecedents for switching costs by contents transmission type(streaming service and downloading service). And, the online digital music service industry is selected in this study since there are many users and transactions incurring. To accomplish these purposes, a survey questionnaire was developed and distributed to 256 informants. Survey instrument was developed based on previous research and pre-established survey items. Total of 206 surveys are collected and used in the data analysis. Among the respondents, 56.8% is male and 43.2% is female. Also, 86 responses were streaming service user group and 120 responses were download service user group. These data was analyzed using regression analysis. Major findings of empirical analysis can be summarized as follows. First, switching costs have positive effect on customer loyalty in digital content commerce environment. Second, the influence of switching costs on customer loyalty increases under conditions of high alternative attractiveness. Third, DRM convenience and breadth of use have positive effect on switching costs. The findings imply that the digital content provider should pay more attention to switching costs in addition to customer satisfaction in order to attract customers. Also, increasing the convenience of DRM use by securing the convenience of user interface and expanding the support device and increasing the service use scope by providing diverse value-added service helps to create a switching barrier. The result of the study can become a practical use in marketing strategy for maintaining existing customer. In particular, switching barrier is very important under conditions of high competition in the online music service market. This study can be used as a basis for further studies about customer retention in digital content commerce.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to understand interrelationships among switching costs, customer satisfaction, and switching intent in a family restaurant. Based on a total of 427 customers obtained from empirical research, this study reviewed the reliability and fitness of the research model and verified a total of five hypotheses using the Amos program. The hypothesized relationships in the model were tested simultaneously by using a structural equation model (SEM). The proposed model provided an adequate fit to the data, ${\chi}^2$=137.881 (df=50); p< .001; CMIN/df 2.758; GFI= .947; AGFI= .919, NFI= .965; IFI= .978; TLI= .970; CFI= .978; RMR= .047; RMSEA= .064. The results showed that switching cost (${\beta}$= .123) in a family restaurant had a positive (+) influence upon customer satisfaction. Further, switching cost had a significantly negative (-) effect on switching intent (${\beta}$= -.414). In addition, there were moderating effects related to customer knowledge and variety seeking orientation in terms of the causal relationships between switching costs, customer satisfaction, and switching intent. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Quality Management Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.294-301
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• 2006

This study attempts to investigate a general service sector model which aims to describe the extent to which customer repurchase intention is influenced by customer satisfaction, Customer loyalty, switching cost. This study attempts to investigate different group. Brand group 1 is higher Brand loyalty than Brand group 2. Brand Group 1 is 276 and Brand Group 2 is 271 consumers in service sector that they were used into data analysis. The data were analyzed by factor analysis and Structural Equation Model using SPSS and AMOS program. The results show that nearly all of the hypothesized relationships construct are supported. First, the direct effects of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty and switching cost were confirmed. The service company not only strengthens customer loyalty, but also strategically makes the most use of switching cost to satisfy customer satisfaction and create sustainable company advantages. Second, the interactive relationships among switching cost and customer loyalty were very significant. The proper management of these mediating variables plays key roles in connecting customer satisfaction with repurchase intention. Third, the effects of customer loyalty and brand preference on repurchase intention were supported but switching cost rejected in the path analysis. Implications of the results for path analysis are discussed and future research directions are offered.