• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.103-118
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• 2004

Objective : This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of KongJin-dan(KJD) on the Alzheimer's disease. Method : The effects of KJD on $LI-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE), glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) mRNA of PC-12 and THP-1 cell treated by CT105 and AChE activity, APP production of PC-12 cell lysate treated by CT105 were investigated, respectively. Results : 1. KJD suppressed $LI-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, APP, AChE, GFAP mRNA in THP-1 and PC-12 cell treated by CT105. 2. KJD suppressed AChE activity and production of APP significantly in cell lysate of PC-12 cell treated by CT105. Conclusions : This study shows that KJD might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.548-553
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• 1998

The N-unsaturated alkylcarbazole derivatives were synthesized by the nucleophilic unimolucular substitution reaction ($S_N1$) of carbazole with unsaturated alkyl chloride. These reactions between carbazole and unsaturated alkyl chloride were conducted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) containing alkali (NaOH or KOH) at room temperature for 4 hrs under nitrogen atmosphere. The mole ratios of carbazole, alkali and unsaturated alkyl chloride were 1:6:1, respectively. All of the compounds of starting materials and reaction products were characterized by CHN analysis, $^1H$-NMR and FR-IR spectroscopy.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.549-559
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical changes in graft size after treatment with strip gingival autograft in human. 57 premolar teeth in 27 patients having the following mucogingival problems were selected. The width of extension, attached gingiva including free marginal gingiva, width of transplant and clinical sulcus depth were measured at the initial examination, 2, 12 and 24 weeks following the strip gingival autograft and free gingival autograft. The change of width of extension, attached gingiva including free marginal gingiva, width of transplant and clinical sulcus depth according to healing process in both graft procedures was statistically analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA test and independent t-test using SPSS program. The results were as follows : 1. The change of keratinized gingiva in both graft procedures was increased significantly at 24 weeks post-op. 2. The clinical sulcus depth exhibited no marked changes throughout the entire investigation in both graft procedures. 3. No dimensional variation was seen in graft size in both graft procedures. 4. Shrinkage did not differ significantly in both graft procedures. From the day of grafting to 24 weeks after surgery the percentages of shrinkage were : strip gingival autograft 28% and free gingival autograft 29%.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2004

Tooth is the most important element in esthetic consideration on facial area. Tooth alignment which is in harmony with gingiva, lips, and face is also key element. The purpose of this study was to give a clinical discipline for restoration of gingival contour, which contains a ratio of maxillary 6 anterior teeth, research for gingival contour etc., in case of rehabilitation of maxillary anterior teeth. 300 Dankook university dental school students ,who is their twenties and free from periodontitis, participate in this study. The result was from each 70 males and females who had normal occlusion and tooth alignment. Length, width and length/width ratio of maxillary 6 anterior teeth were 0.74-0.81 in male, 0.81-0.84 in female. There was significant difference between male and female. The most deepest position of gingiva in maxillary central incisor and canine was located in distal part of teeth and maxillary lateral incisor was middle portion. In maxillary central incisors, gingival line of the most deepest point appeared significant difference between male and female (p<0.01) whereas there was no difference in lateral incisors and canines. Distance between interdental papilla apex and the most deepest portion appeared significant difference between male and female. Distance of the deepest position of gingiva is statistically significant except maxillary central incisors and lateral incisors. Standard deviation and mean of the width of labio-lingual were measured in cervical area and there was a significant difference both male and female.(p<0.01) From this result, we could get the mean of maxillary anterior gingival line and these results have great value in clinical guidance in studying maxillary anterior teeth.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.20
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• pp.121-137
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• 1999

Among pigment used at work of Dan-Chung, Emerald Green is specific illuminating fluorescent light of green. It is very difficult to change other organic or inorganic pigment. All of the internal high class pigment has rare light. But Emerald Green is superior to fresh color and stability out of industrial chemical products. It forms over 50% of quantity and importance of a pattern painting. Emerald Green prohibited to produce because of its toxicpollutants, so required to changing pigment development. It is characterized to excellent color, convenient work, economical, against-sunlight, against-air pollutant and durability. The result of a test is follows; 1. We are investigated into producing internal natural Emerald Green, import external pigment and industrial synthesis method etc. but unable to buy because of its toxic pollutant. 2. We are made six samples by yellowish and green is hpigment mixing. We tested on against sunlight and air pollutant. The best mixing ratio is follows. Titanium Dioxide R760 : 18g- Chalk, White Wash : 10g- Permanent Yellow : 7g- Cyanine Green : 8g- Chrome Yellow : 3g- Resin(Vehicle) : Acryl Emulsion(Styrene + 2-Ethyl HexylAcrylate + Methyl Meth Acrylate) 8%

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.387-400
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• 1999

One of the fundamental causes of periodontal disease is accumulation of bacterial plaque and calculus and most effective method of removing these plaque and calculus are scaling and root planning using hand curet and ultrasonic scaler. Many studies concerning residual degenerated mineral content after periodontal therapies have been carried out, but some problems about these studies were also known. This research studies mineral concents and distribution of residual root surfaces after perfoming hand curet and ultrasonic scaler on root surfaces of single rooted teeth which were extracted for periodontal reasons. EPMA were used to avoid errors from chemical quantative analysis and in addition SEM observation was also performed. The results were as follows. 1. No differences were found between curet group andultrasonic scaler group in Ca, P, Mg and Na level. 2. Concentration level was decreased in the sequence of Ca, P, Mg and Na. 3. Ca and P level were decreased as going to apical portion at curet group and ultrasonic scaler group. 4. More cementum was removed at cervical portion compared to other portion at curet group and ultrasonic scaler group. 5. Ca, P, Mg level was higher in dentin compared to cememtum. There was no difference in mineral level for Ca, P, Mg and Na between root surfaces treated with hand curet and ultrasonic scaler.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.339-350
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• 2002

Recently the esthetic demands of clinicians and patients made the surgeon try to regenerate bone defects and gingival tissue after extraction. For that, many surgical methods were used and socket preservation have been evaluated simple, effective and good prognosis in the implant placement. Bone grafting was one of the methods for socket preservation. This study was to evaluate the histologic view of the effects on healing of the extraction sockets when deproteinized bovine bone mineral and tetracycline coated deproteinized bovine bone mineral was implanted 1. In control group, at 4 weeks after implantation, the extraction sockets were filled with connective tissue. And after 8 weeks, osteoblasts were observed in newly formed trabecular among the fibrous connective tissue in the extraction sockets. 2. In experimental 1 group, there was connective tissue and new bone trabecular around newly formed woven bone at 4 weeks. And many osteoblasts were observed in various direction at 8 weeks. 3. In experimental 2 group, there was a lot of new bone made around the bone powder after 4 weeks, and the thicker bone trabecular, lamellar bone and irregular osteoblasts arrangement were observed at 8 weeks. From the results of this study, tetracycline coated BBP would be better than the other groups in the lamellar bone formation and be faster in the bone formation rate.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.651-671
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• 2003

The influence of calcium phosphate (Ca-P) coating on the bone response of titanium implants was investigated two types of titanium implants, i.e. as -machined ,as -machined with Ca-P coating, were prepared. The Ca-P coating produced by OCT Inc technique. These implants were inserted into the left and right femur of beagle dog, After implantation periods of 3 days, 1weeks, weeks, 4weeks, 8weeks, 12weeks. 24weeks, the bone-implant interface was evaluated histologically, histomorphometrically , and removal torque. Histological evaluation revealed no new bone formation around different implant materials after 2weeks of implantation. After 4 weeks, Ca-P coated implants showed a higher amount of bone contact than either of the non coated implants. After 12weeks, bone healing was almost completed. And implant were removed by reverse torque rotation with torque-measuring device. Mean torque values for 4weeks control were 2.375Kgf.cm and experimental were 2.725Kgf.cm. And mean torque values for 8weeks control were 1.25Kgf.cm and experimental were 1.0Kgf.cm On the basis of these findings, we concluded that deposition of a Ca-P coating on an implant has a beneficial effect on the bone response to this implant during the healing phase. Besides implant surface conditions the bone response is also determined by local implant site condition.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.705-715
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• 2003

Procedures for treatment of molar furcation invasion defects range from open flap debridement, apically repositioned flap surgery, hemisection, tunneling or extraction, to regenerative therapies using bone grafting or guided tissue regenerative therapy, or a combination of both. Several clinical evaluations using regenerative techniques have reported the potential for osseous repair of treated furcation invasions. Regenerative treatment of maxillary molars are more difficult due to the multiple root anatomy and multiple furcation entrances therefore, purpose of this study was to evaluated histologically compomer and Ketac Silver as a barrier in the treatment of a bi-furcated maxillary premolar. Five adult beagle dogs were used in this experiment. With intrasulcular and crestal incision, mucoperiostcal flap was elevated. Following decortication with 1/2 high speed round bur, furcation defect was made on maxillary premolar. 2 month later one premolar was filled with compomer and the other premolar was filled with Ketac Silver. After 4, 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed by vascular perfusion. Tissue block was excised including the tooth and prepared for light microscope with H-E staining. Results were as follows. 1. Compomer & Ketac Silver restoration were encapsulated fine connective tissue. 2. In 4 weeks, compomer & Ketac Silver restoration slightly infiltrated inflammatory cells but not disturb the new bone or new cementum formation. 3. In 8 weeks, compomer & Ketac Silver restoration were less infiltrated iflammatory cell and encapsulated fine connective tissue. 4. Therefore, compomer & Ketac Silver filling to the grade III maxillary furcations with multiple root anatomy and multiple furcation entrances is possible clinical method and this technique is useful method for maxillary furcation involvement but it is thought that periodic maintenance should be needed

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.449-459
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• 2004

Bacterial byproducts and volatile sulfur compounds(VSC) have been found to be the leading intra-oral agents, specifically, the byproducts of gram negative anaerobic bacteria have been implicated as primary factors of halitosis in patients presenting with periodontal disease. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between periodontal treatment and the subsequent reduction in the level of halitosis. Forty-three subjects presenting with periodontal disease were examined before periodontal treatment, one week after treatment, one month after treatment, and finally, two months after treatment, using a portable sulfide monitoring $Halimeter^{(R)}$ to measure the VSC concentrations at the prescribed intervals. The results of the study were as follows: 1. Significant decreases in the mean VSC concentration were observed at the one week, one month, and two month post-op intervals relative to the pre-op measurement. (p<0.05) 2. Significant decreases in the mean VSC concentration were observed in subjects after completion of flap operations. Significant decreases in the mean VSC concentration were observed at the one and two month post-flap operation measurement relative to the VSC concentration at one week (p<0.05), but no significant differences between the one month and two month VSC concentrations were found. (p<0.05) 3. Significant decreases in the mean VSC concentration were observed in subjects after completion of subgingival curettage (p<0,05). Significant decreases were found between the one week and one month measurements and between the one month and two month measurements, but significant differences were not observed between the one week and two month measurements. (p<0.05) The results of this study show significant decreases in VSC concentration in test subjects after periodontal treatment. It can be inferred from the results above, that periodontal disease is a significant contributing factor of halitosis, and that treatment of periodontal disease can been an effective means of reducing VSC concentration in patients presenting with halitosis concurrent with periodontal disease.