• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.705-712
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• 2005

Among soft ground treatment methods with granular soil used in domestic, the sand compaction pile method has been utilized greatly, but, as a result of exhaustion of sand and increase of unit cost, a necessity of an alternative method is suggested. In this study, the static load tests for group crushed-stone compaction piles which were constructed at in-situ site were performed. Pile diameter was 700mm and area of loading plates were changed. The static load tests of single and group piles were performed for area replacement ratio of 20, 30 and 40%. Based on test results, bearing capacity of group crushed-stone compaction pile were estimated. The more both single pile and group pile increase, the more yield bearing capacity tended to increase. Also, the yield bearing capacity of a group pile is about 50% less than the yield bearing capacity of a single pile. If the ground reinforced with the crushed-stone compaction pile is replacement ratio of $20{\sim}40%$, RIYB of both single pile and group pile increases qualitative tendency of linear more than original ground

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.717-724
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• 2003

Although sand compaction pile is applied considerably for increase of hearing capacity in domestic, it is getting more necessary to develope the alternative materials because of exhaustion and increase of unit cost of sand. In this study, stress concentration ratio between crushed-stone pile and soft ground was measured and, a displacement ratio 30, 40 and 50%, variation of stress concentration ratio was analyzed. As an increase displacement ratio, the stress concentration effect of crushed-stone compaction pile doesn't increase proportionally and effect of ground improvement in case of ground was good at displacement ratio 30% or 40%. The stress concentration ratio of crushed-stone compaction pile in group piles is 1.5 times that of crushed-stone compaction pile in single pile.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.525-532
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• 2004

Among soft ground treatment methods with granular soil used in domestic, the sand compaction pile method has been utilized greatly, but, as a result of exhaustion of sand and increase of unit cost, a necessity of an alternative method is suggested. In this study, the static load tests for crushed-stone compaction piles which were constructed on test field were performed. Based on test results, stress concentration ratios between the crushed-stone compaction pile and the soft ground were investigated and estimated. The stress concentration ratio was the range of 1.7 to 3.0 and the higher it was the more replacement rate was increased.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2003

국내에서는 조립토를 이용한 연약지반 처리공법 중 모래다짐말뚝공법이 많이 활용되고 있으나, 모래자원의 고갈과 단가상승으로 인해 적용이 제한되고 있어 대체공법이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 육상부 현장에 시험시공된 쇄석다짐말뚝에 대한 정재하시험을 수행하였으며, 쇄석다짐말뚝과 연약지반의 응력분담비를 규명하고 성능을 평가하였다. 임의 압력에서 치환율이 증가할수록 침하량이 작아지는 경향을 보였다. 치환율 20%일 때의 항복압력은 치환율 30%, 40%일 때 보다 작았다. 치환율 30%와 40%일 때의 항복응력과 침하량은 비슷하였다. 응력분담비는 1.7∼-3.0의 범위에 있었으며, 치환율이 증가할수록 응력분담비가 증가하는 경향을 보이고 있었다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2007

국내에서는 조립토를 이용한 연약지반 처리공법 중 모래다짐말뚝공법이 많이 활용되고 있으나, 모래자원의 고갈과 단가상승으로 인해 적용이 제한되고 있어 대체공법이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 육상부 현장에 시험시공된 단일쇄석다짐말뚝에 대한 정재하시험을 수행하였다. 시험시 말뚝의 직경을 700mm로 고정하구 재하판의 면적을 변화시켰으며, 치환율 20, 30, 40%에 대하여 정재하시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과를 토대로 하여 단일쇄석다짐말뚝의 지지력 증가효과를 평가하였다. 치환율이 증가할수록 침하량이 작아지는 경향을 보였다. 또한, 치환율이 고려된 단일쇄석다짐말뚝의 항복지지력 공식을 제안하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.66-73
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• 2004

Prototype crushed-stone compaction pile(${\Phi}=700mm$) were constructed on specific test site. Static loading tests for crushed-stone compaction piles were performed. Based on the static loading test results, finite element analysis was performed using software PENTAGON 3D. Numerical analysis were done for the area replacement ratio($a_s$) of $20{\sim}70%$ and $a_s$ was varied as a step of 10%. In the single crushed-stone compaction pile, settlement was decreased as $a_s$ was increased. In the group pile, this tendency was similar. In the in-sit test and numerical analysis, as $a_s$ increased, the stress concentration ratio was increased. But $a_s$ in the numerical analysis were more than that of in-situ test, greatly.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1415-1426
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• 2008

Stone columns, locally called "GCP (granular compaction pile)" can be used to improve strength and resistance against lateral movement of a foundation soil like rigid piles and piers. Also installation of such a discrete column facilitates drainage, and densifies and reinforces the soil in the sense of ground improvement. The integrity of the GCP has been indirectly controlled with the records of each batch including depth and the quantity of stone filled. An integrity testing was attempted using crosshole S-wave logging. The method is conceptionally same as the crosshole sonic logging (CSL) for drilled piers. The only and critical difference is that S-wave should be used in the logging, because P-wave velocity of the stone column is less than that of ground water. The crosshole sonic logger does not have the capability to measure S-wave propagating through the skeleton of crushed stone. An electro-mechanical source, which can generate either P- or SH-waves, and a 1-D geophone were used to measure SH-waves. Two 76mm diameter cased boreholes were installed 1 meter apart across the nominal 700mm diameter stone column. At every 10cm of depth, shear wave was measured across the stone column. One more borehole was also installed 1 meter outward from the one of the above boreholes to measure the shear wave profile of the surrounding soil. The diametric variation of the stone column with respect to depth was evaluated from the shear wave arrival times across the stone column, and shear wave velocities of crushed stone and surrounding soil. The volume calculated with these variational diameters is very close to the actual quantity of the stone filled.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 모래에 비해 배수성이 떨어지지 않으며 지지력이 우수할 것으로 판단되는 쇄석을 사용하여 연약점성토지반에서 쇄석다짐말뚝을 시공 후 쇄석간의 공극에 점토입자의 유입으로 인해 배수능을 상실하는 Clogging 현상에 대한 대체방안을 규명하고자 하였다. 이러한 Clogging 현상의 억제방안으로 국내 화력발전소에서 발생되는 산업폐기물인 석탄회 중 재활용 방안이 미비한 저회의 활용 가능성을 높여 보고자 쇄석과 저회의 적정 혼합비의 다짐시험에 따라 대형직접전단시험을 실시하여 최대전단강도와 내부마찰각을 파악하고, 그에 따른 Clogging 현상의 특성에 대해 실험을 실시하였다. 따라서, 쇄석과 저회의 혼합비에 따른 지지력 및 강도특성을 파악하여 적정 혼합비를 찾고, 현장과 같은 Clogging 현상을 육안으로 확인할 수 있도록 모형토조를 제작하였으며 적정 혼합비에 따른 배수능을 비교 분석하였다. 실험결과 각 혼합비에 따른 대형직접전단시험에서 쇄석과 저회의 혼합비가 80:20일 때 전단강도와 내부마찰각이 가장 크게 나타났으며 Clogging 시험에서도 쇄석 100%의 다짐말뚝보다 Clogging 억제 효과가 점진적으로 뛰어남을 확인하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권4C호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 모래의 수급 문제와 회처리장 부족으로 전력생산 위기에 처해진 화력발전소의 문제점을 해결하며, 쇄석다짐말뚝의 폐색 현상에 대처하기 위한 방안으로 모래와 공학적 성질이 유사한 화력발전소 부산물인 저회를 조립재료다짐말뚝 재료로 활용하기 위하여 다양한 공학적 시험을 실시하였다. 특히 연약지반에 쇄석다짐말뚝의 클로깅 현상을 줄이고 말뚝 내 공극을 감소시키기 위한 연구가 수행되었다. 각 재료의 배합비별 전단강도 시험을 통해 적정혼합비를 산정하고 연약지반에 적용 시 효율적인 치환율을 공학적 시험으로 도출하였다. 다짐 시험 및 대형직접전단 시험결과, 쇄석:저회 혼합비 80:20의 전단강도가 가장 크므로 쇄석과 저회 혼합다짐말뚝의 최적 혼합비로 결정하였다. 저회의 혼합비가 20% 이상의 영역에서는 혼합재료의 입자간 맞물림 효과 감소에 의한 내부마찰각 저하가 발생하였다. 동결융해법에 의한 모형시험 방법을 개발하여 압축시험을 수행한 결과, 저회혼합다짐말뚝의 치환율이 40% 이상일 경우 그 영향이 크게 증가하지 않았다. 따라서 저회혼합다짐말뚝을 연약지반에 시공 시 경제적인 치환율은 40%로 판단된다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.289-294
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• 2002

Sand Compaction Pile (SCP) method, which uses sand material, is frequently used in Korea. However, the use of sand for SCP faces environmental and economical problems with the shortage of its resources. Therefore, it is necessary to substitute other materials for compaction piles. One of the alternatives is using gravel in lieu of sand. Granular Pile, constituted with sand and crushed-stone, is one of the methods to improve soft clay and loose sandy ground. In this study, modeled pile load tests are performed in test cell. The observations are made on the consolidation and the variation of water table of three different grounds, original, sand pile installed, and granular pile installed ground. In addition, engineering characteristics such as bearing capacity, settlement and drainage are investigated. The test results show that Gravel Compaction Pile (GCP) is more efficient for increasing bearing capacity and reducing settlement than SCP and had similar pore water pressure dissipation to sand. Therefore, the results show that GCP can be a good substitution for SCP.