• Korean journal of communication and information
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• 제69권
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• pp.71-110
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• 2015

Beyond the technological behaviorism-oriented notion of prosumers, the current study explores the question of digital creative labour of the youth in the interrelated context of post-capitalist crisis and neoliberal ethos of selfhood. This analysis is situated particularly in the social conflicts and struggles in Korea, where the problems related to the precarization of the younger generation have been increasingly aggravated (in the realm of embodied reality) whereas their digital activities have been highly expressive (in the realm of mediated reality). The contradictions embedded in the question of the labour of the youth are delineated in the respect of the subjectivities of young free labour, or 'digital creative labour' in proposed terms: the precarious young free labour in Korea is the compound of social fragmentation, economic polarization, expansion of cognitive and emotion labour, boom of hedonistic consumerism, economic-cultural celebration of creativity and self-entrepreneurship, technological saturation of digital media, subjective/collective affects around excitement and ambition but also of anxiety and fear. The ambivalence and complexity of the young free labour is converged at the emergence of homo-economicus (Michel Foucault) through the subjectivation of the social (con)fusion of post-capitalist crisis and neoliberal governmentality of selfhood.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.241-257
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• 2008

The purpose of this study waw to investigate the effect of consumer knowledge of adolescents, money attitudes and consumption values on rational consumption behavior and the direct and indirect effects of these variables on rational consumption behavior. The subjects of this study were 524 students who were in the first grade and second grade of high school in Daegu. Multiple Regression Analysis and Path Analysis were employed for the data analysis. The major findings of this study were as follows: First, the knowledge of money management, the purchase knowledge and the consumerism knowledge effected on the money attitude, which regarded money as an instrument of future safety. Among these, it was found that the money management knowledge had the highest affect on this money attitude. The result suggests that the consumer knowledge affects desirable money attitude which regarded money as an instrument of future safety, and then consumer education influences positively money attitude. Second, the money attitude which regarded money as an instrument of future safety affected consumption values most, and the money attitude which regarded money as a means for approval of another person affected the ostentation, the conformity, the discrimination and the aesthetic enjoyment of consumption values. Third, the present study showed that the money attitude which regards money as an instrument of future safety and the economical consumption values were the important factor which affecting each subdimension of the rational consumption behavior. The result suggests the adolescents, who managed money well, saved it for the future, and saved the resources as much as possible when consuming, behaved rational and planned way through all process all process all consumption behaviors. Fourth, the consumer knowledge did not affect the rational consumption behavior directly, but indirectly through the money attitude and the consumption values. Therefore, the consumer knowledge, the money attitude and the consumption values were the important factor for the rational consumption behavior, and it revealed money attitude and consumption values played role as mediate variable. This study results suggest the consumer knowledge that adolescent have learned in school was theoretical and abstract, so it does not affect directly the rational consumption behavior. However these consumer consumption values affect the consumption behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.590-599
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• 2014

Environmental education, effectively performed at school, is very important to solve the environmental problems. Moreover the survey for teacher's perception is essential. The purpose of the study was to investigate the perception of environmental problems of middle school teachers in Pusan. The survey was done twice in 2007 and 2012, and based on the time intervals, careers, and major of the teachers. 200 teachers were chosen in 2007 and 300 teachers in 2012. How many environmental problems occurred during this time period affected the 471 teachers' perception was investigated and analyzed. The results are as follows. First, the perception difference of environmental problems was meaningful between two time intervals (p<.01). Especially, the perception of modern environmental problems and carbon emission showed considerable increase in both science and non-science major teachers. This may be caused by the climate change and the severity of lifestyles of indiscriminate consumerism. Second, the perception difference of environmental problems by careers was also meaningful (p<.01). Overall, the perception was obvious on the aspects of modern environmental problems, carbon emission, destruction of ozone layers, nuclear wastes, environmental hormones, and red tides. Teachers, having more careers irrespective of their teaching subjects, showed higher perception on the seriousness of environmental pollution, the necessity of environmental conservation, and the importance of health. Third, the perception of environmental problems between science and non-science major teachers was meaningful (p<.01). Particularly, the perception in the broad environmental problems was distinctive between them.

• Archives of design research
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2004

It is incontestable that the essence of the current fever of well-being is pseudo-ideology, which is the commercialized well-being. Nevertheless, the potential value as the cultural contests of Korean Design, reaching the philosophy of well-being, must not be overlooked. Being more than its dictionary meaning of 'happiness' and 'welfare', well-being aims peace of mind and richness in mentality, thus supports the life style of 'Body-Mind Monism'. As a trend that has taken a ride on the consumerism, it is inevitable to excavate the benign cultural value that an ordinary sign of well-being lacks in order to create a peculiar model of Korea's design contents by sublimating the commodity aesthetic of well-being into an alternative argument possessing the cultural identity of Korea. Well-being, not much different form an attitude of following the 'ways of nature', is a typical model of non-dualistic thinking of East Asia. By tracing back to the indication of well-being that already existed in the non-dualistic thought and design of East Asia, the genealogy connecting the current phenomena of well-being to the Body-Mind Monism can be found in the cultural traditions of as close as Korea and as far as East Asia. In the case of adopting the monistic way of East Asian thinking that sees body and mind as one not two as the theoretical background of well-being imported fro the West, it is expected to provide a solution for the design discourse of Korea to be out of colonialism. Well-being contributes to the monistic awareness in the period of self-reflected modernization, which needs to search new values based on the reconsideration of dualistic paradigm centered on the Western culture, thus it is worth putting anticipation on the potential significance well-being would have in the field of national as well as international design world.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.95-133
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• 2018

Since the beginning of the millennium, 'Maker Movement' has been active throughout the world. Today, there is a maker fair every year in major cities of the world including Seoul, and the number of attendees is increasing day by day, so it can be seen as a kind of maker 'phenomenon'. The positive implication of the maker's movement is that it attempts to break down the monopoly of manufacturing and to restore the rights and capabilities of citizens as makers. Today, highly developed industrial capitalism has a tendency to structurally paralyse citizens, to tie their hands and feet, and to degenerate into consuming entities only. Therefore, it can be said that the maker movement has structural tensions in the relationship of neoliberal manufacturing culture. This study is an attempt to actively interpret the maker movement in terms of "critical making". The maker movement can trace its origins to "counterculture" and "new communalism" that emerged in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s. On the other hand, there is criticism that the maker movement can fall into another technology utopianism and function as an area of consumer society, and mobilize it in the direction of activating consumerism. Although the maker's movement is amorphous due to its characteristics and it is currently in progress, it is difficult to make crude definition yet. However, as the citizens who have been defined only as consumers of science and technology, are newly emerging as producers of makers, there have been great changes in the topography of science and technology and civil society. So the scientific implication of the maker movement is great in that it shows the possibility of causing it.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.53-75
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• 2014

The current status of Korean social work can be summarized as multiple complexities and ambiguities not only in ideological but in practical aspects. Although they have long been considered as an unique feature of social work as one of representative human service professions, the extent of such complexities are now reaching the culmination enough to raise the questions about the very nature of social work practice. This study aims to analyse such ambiguities and complexities around the field of social work in a systematic ways with the theory of liquid modernization, an creative framework for modern society, coined by Zygmunt Bauman who is now considered as one of the leading sociologist and thinker. The study shows clearly that social work in Korea is nowadays entering the phase of liquid modern society and specific features of liquidity of modern society such as consumerism, privatization, corruption of publicity etc are founded in the areas of social work. To make it worse, social work are thinking about the anachronical response to this flow of liquidity by selecting the strategies useful in solid modern era, not in the liquid one. In this context, the study suggests that social work practice have to prepare to adequate measures to secure its own autonomy and sustain genuine identification from the ruthless melting power of liquid modern society.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2015

Purpose - Given globalization, the new niche market of medical tourism is likely to experience sustainable growth for various reasons, such as aging populations and a shift in the medical consumerism paradigm toward prevention. Importantly, understanding medical customers' behavior is necessary to benefit from a competitive advantage in this industry. The existing research primarily accessed the key factors of medical quality and costs to explain health customers' behavior but is limited in terms of enabling an understanding of the decision process. This limitation exists because, given the intangibility and greater associated risks in the highly professional industry of international medical tourism, most customers lack the knowledge and experience needed to evaluate the central factors-such as the medical competence of health care countries-before purchases. Therefore, they actively search for useful information through various distributions to reduce uncertainty and to make better choices. Interestingly, most of these information channels are associated with word-of-mouth (WOM). However, no evidence is found in the literature to estimate the effect of WOM in the medical tourism field. Thus, this study focuses on WOM to explore its interaction with key medical characteristic factors and the attractiveness of destinations referred to by sources. This study also affects customers' evaluations and, in turn, influences their intention to seek health care services abroad. Research design, data, and methodology - The literature review addressed an interesting research model for estimating the relations among WOM, medical characteristics, attractiveness, and customers' choice intention regarding international health care. In the key economic regions in China, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Shandong, and Guangdong, 2,500 survey questionnaires were distributed to potential customers of different ages, education, and income levels. A resulting 1,717 (68.68 percent of the original 2,500) usable surveys were obtained for analysis. Moderated regression analysis was used to determine the effects of WOM in the decision process regarding international health care destinations. Results - The results indicate that WOM is a good moderator of the relationships between the factors evaluated by sources and customers. More importantly, the WOM effects reflect the factors of tie strength, credibility, and vividness. The results also reveal that, given the moderating role of WOM, the intention of potential Chinese customers to seek the referred health care country varies according to the medical characteristics of medical competency and reputation as evaluated by customers. In contrast, the travel attractiveness of the attractions, facilities, accessibility, and social environment are critical determinants of destination choice intention. Conclusions - The moderating role of WOM has been confirmed through the international healthcare destination selection process. Medical tourism managers should user WOM as an effective marketing tool for industry development. Specially, marketers should consider the effects of WOM determinants, such as tie strength, credibility, and vividness, to develop an effective strategy. Furthermore, this study estimates the factors that affect customers' selection of medical tourism destinations. Health care managers or policy makers should consider a broad variety of variables that may attract more Chinese customers to international health care.

• Archives of design research
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.293-302
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• 2004

The austere standard for industrial design and the machine aesthetic reinforced modernism and lasted more than a half century. Pop art and Pop design movements, which were opposite of the elite culture, began to appear as anti-modernism in the late 1950s. With the development of technology, the movements helped to establish humanism design style that reflected the life style of young generation and their culture. From the 1960s. it was a try in order to fulfill psychologically users' needs beyond tasks for physical considerations. The efforts appeared as a various appearance in different contexts. It could settle down on industrial design, based on humanism both from the physical and psychological points ol views, through anti-modernism in the 1960s, commercialism, consumerism and hi-tech in the 1970s, and postmodernism in the 1980s. The design, as a specific style in industrial design, delivers both physical and psychological satisfaction to consumers by using a mixture of human emotions with high technology. Accordingly, this study is to find out and to define the design style that was applied by human emotion and sensibility in design history from the 1960s to the 1980s. It will be underpinnings for the next research about how the design style has developed nowadays.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.24-40
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• 2023

As the aversion to advertising grows, native advertising has gained significant attention as a means to counteract this rejection. Native advertising is designed to seamlessly blend with other content on the page where they are displayed. They mimic the overall design and presentation of the platform, providing a natural exposure to consumers. Many companies utilize native advertising, but there is not much academic research on this topic. Therefore this study aims to examine the effectiveness of native advertising for social issues. The study looked at two types of native advertising: ads created by a company and ads sponsored by a company. Results suggested that consumers showed more positive attitudes towards a company's ads if they were sponsored by the company rather than created by the company. This study argued that this effect would be more pronounced for consumers who tended to buy ethically. To verify these hypotheses an online experiment was conducted revealing that on average consumers displayed the same attitude toward a company whether the native advertising was created or sponsored by a company. However, it was also discovered that consumers with a tendency for ethical consumerism formed more positive attitudes toward companies when the company sponsored native advertising as opposed to having created it. In practice, this study suggests how companies can improve the effectiveness of native advertising, such as implementing native advertising as a sponsor and being transparent about their advertising to appeal to consumers with high ethical consumption tendencies. This study expands the scope of research in areas related to native adverting and corporate social responsibilities.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.307-319
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• 1998

This study is an empirical investigation and study on the measurement of nursing service quality as perceived by patients. A series of H1. H2. H3 alternative hypotheses were tested using a sample of 250 patients in Taegu City. Korea. HI hypothese were tested for application of five component of service quality (SERVQlTAL and SE RPERF : tangiblity. reliability. responsiveness. accessibility. understandability) in Taegu area Hospitals. Validity test - the five components of service quality were rearranged into two components of service quality (personal factor. nonpersonal factor). Although SERVQUAL was verified in USA. application for five components of service quality in Korea indicated that it need more analytical studies. Nobody can deny the fact that the recent growth of the nursing service quality is one of the most important driving forces of hospital management. In many hospitals. the nursing quality charges more than 50% of the medical service quality. As a result. many hospital managers should be enormous interests in the investment potentiality of the nursing service. However. doesn't many researchers invest their time and effort on the research of the quality control in nursing service. Nursing service management is the process to satisfy customer's desires and expectations through the various service activities. Presently nursing service are being faced with three Common tasks of improving quality of nursing service. competitively differential advantage and productivity because of quantitative expansion of Nursing service. Such a phenomenon is also found in our medical service industry. resulting from increasing demands for medical service owing to national medical insurance policy and consumer's attitude change emphasizing prevention of illness. excessiveness of medical facilities in large cities and increasing medical lawsuits due to influence of consumerism. Therefore. under such circumstances. this research on nursing service is conducted from nursing managements to improve the nursing service quality problems faced by medical institutions. The results of this theoretical/empirical research are as follows: 1. Nursing service Quality is regarded as patients' perceived quality and evaluated on the basis (5 dimension) of technical and functional quality. 2. Nursing service Quality is a concept of patients evaluation on the measurable multi-dimensions intrinsic and extrinsic attributes of service. 3. Nursing service Quality is conceptually defined as the difference between the perceived service and the expected service. 4. Korean consumers trend to evaluate nursing service quality based on such dimensions as responsiveness and reliability. understandability. accessibility. tangibility. 5. After analyzing whether or not there are some differences in respective medical institution. it was found that there are significant difference on understandability. reliability. communicability. courtesy. competence. 6. After analyzing the difference between the expected nursing service and the nursing perceived service, it was found that the expected nursing service is higher than the perceived service in every medical institution. 7. HI hypothesis was tested with regard to the validity test between SERVQUAL and SERVPERF in nursing service quality. The result of validity test between SERVQUAL and SERVPERF was found to have differential result. That is the R2 of SERVPERF is higher than that of SERVQUAL. Therefore. HI was verified in nursing management. H2. H3 hypotheses were tested whether or not the nursing service quality and patient satisfaction is the preceding variable. The result of H2 hypothes is that the nursing service quality is the preceding variable of patient satisfaction and the patient satisfaction is that of revisiting intention. After analyzing whether or not there is any differences on the demographic variable of five nursing service quality factor. it was found that there are statistically significant differences on communicability and courtesy at the sex. understand ability. accessibility and tangibility at the age. understandability at the academic background respectively.