• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.14-23
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• 2000

A numerical scheme is proposed to obtain the individual stress intensity factors in an axisymmetric crack and in a three dimensional mixed mode crack. The method is based on the path independence of J and M integral and mutual or two-state conservation integral , which involves two elastic fields. Some numerical example are presented to investigate the effectiveness and applicability of the method for and axisymmetric crack and a three dimensional penny shaped crack problem under mixed mode.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.1119-1129
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• 2023

Seeds are colonized by diverse microorganisms that can improve the growth and stress resistance of host plants. Although understanding the mechanisms of plant endophyte-host plant interactions is increasing, much of this knowledge does not come from seed endophytes, particularly under environmental stress that the plant host grows to face, including biotic (e.g., pathogens, herbivores and insects) and abiotic factors (e.g., drought, heavy metals and salt). In this article, we first provided a framework for the assembly and function of seed endophytes and discussed the sources and assembly process of seed endophytes. Following that, we reviewed the impact of environmental factors on the assembly of seed endophytes. Lastly, we explored recent advances in the growth promotion and stress resistance enhancement of plants, functioning by seed endophytes under various biotic and abiotic stressors.

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제9권
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• pp.85-93
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• 2008

국립중앙박물관 보존과학팀에서는 서화유물도록 발간 사업의 일환으로 초상화 3점을 보존처리 하였다. 그 중 조경영정은 조선 17세기 대표적인 선무공신상(宣武功臣象)으로 1997년 기증된 유물이며, 견본채색 전신상으로 족자표장이 되어 있다. 이 영정은 화견(畵絹)이 배접지와 완전히 들떠 있으며, 안료의 박락 등 열악한 상태를 유지하고 있었다. 이에 보존처리 전 과학적 조사(현미경 조사, XRF, X-ray)를 통해 제작기법 및 재질을 조사하고 해체, 클리닝, 배접지 제거, 결손부 보강, 배접, 마무리 순으로 보존처리 하였다.

• 복식
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• 제63권7호
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• pp.65-78
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• 2013

This study aims to suggest the methodology for conservation of excavated costumes especially repair and restoration process. Early excavated costumes had not attracted attention from the field of academia and the public. So not many scholars, organization and society participated in the excavations but as its value has gotten more recognition, there has been a reversal in trend. And so many organizations have taken part in it. Excavating includes conservation processes such as washing, repair and restoring, and then it is published by reports or books after the process is complete. However the method of conservation has varied depending on the institution. In particular, repair and restore methods do not include anything specific details, and often times, only has descriptions of the before and after state, and so a more unified method needs to be suggested and shared. This study defined 'Conservation', 'Repair' and 'Restoration' and then applied it to the short history of Korean excavated-costumes. Then it suggested ways to repair and restore excavated-costumes in terms of construction, textile, and damage by the unpublished cases of excavated-costumes of Noh Su-ham(1516~1573)'s Family. It was also referred to repair and restoration process such as shaping correction, dyeing, supporting, sewing and after treatment by texts and pictures. Other contents such as a list of relics and its details, will be published through a report or a book. The whole process of conservation was in progress based on the ethical guidelines of conservation, 'Minimum intervention' and 'Reversibility'.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 1997

각종 국토개발사업이 본격적으로 시작된 1970년대 이후 그에 따른 발굴조사도 매년 증가되고 있다. 다양한 재질로 이루어진 유물은 출토후 보관환경에 따라 돌이킬 수 없는 손상을 받을 수 있다. 출토 유물의 보존에 대한 중요성은 증가되고 있으나, 발굴을 담당하는 기관과 비교하여, 출토된 유물을 보존처리하는 기관은 소수에 불과한 실정이다. 일반적으로 출토된 금속유물은 불안정하여 쉽게 손상되어진다. 특히 주조철제는 발굴후 건조되지 않도록 해야 한다. 이는 출토된 주조철제가 흙, 부식층과 금속심으로 이루어진 층 사이에서 건조로 인해 유물이 순간적으로 붕괴되어지기 때문이다. 출토된 금속유물의 안전한 보존방법은 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. (1)먼저 발굴현장에서 금속유물은 환경변화에 따른 손상을 방지하기 위해 유물포장용 특수비닐로 밀봉처리 하거나 알칼리 용액속에 침적시키는 것이다. (2)현장에서 임시 보존처리후 유물은 보존처리실에서 안전한 방법에 의한 처리를 해야 한다. (3)처리된 유물은 일정한 온${\cdot}$습도 유지, 주기적인 상태조사, 자외선 차단 등 안정한 보관환경을 유지시켜야만 재부식을 방지할 수 있다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.69-86
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• 1996

More than eighty thousands of wooden printing blocks of the Tripitaka Koreans are accommodated in the Changkyeonggak which consists of two open structured wooden buildings, Peoppojeon and Sudarajang. These blocks are virtually in pristine state even after three quarters of a millennium. The excellent preservation could be attributed to the careful preparation and meticulous finish of the blocks. But the meteorological environment or microclimate should be one of the key factors for the preservation. To keep the blocks intact as it is or at least do not accelerate the deterioration, we should study the blocks and its microclimatic environment supplied by the Changgyeonggak and the topology of the site. As a Part of this effort we designed a computerized meteorological data acquisition system, which can handle up to 4,096 sensors. A partial but operative installation of 16 temperature/humidity sensors was set up in the Peoppojeon. We hope to have a chance to install a full fledged system in the near future for the compilation of the fuller environmental data base.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국문화재보존과학회 2003년도 제18회 발표논문집
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• pp.7-12
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• 2003

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.504-521
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• 2016

Recently, energy harvesting technology has been integrated into wireless sensor networks to ameliorate the nodes' energy limitation problem. In theory, the wireless sensor node equipped with an energy harvesting module can work permanently until hardware failures happen. However, due to the change of power supply, the traditional hierarchical network routing protocol can not be effectively adopted in energy harvesting wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we improve the Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol to make it suitable for the energy harvesting wireless sensor networks. Specifically, the cluster heads are selected according to the estimation of nodes' harvested energy and consumed energy. Preference is given to the nodes with high harvested energy while taking the energy consumption rate into account. The utilization of harvested energy is mathematically formulated as a max-min optimization problem which maximizes the minimum energy conservation of each node. We have proved that maximizing the minimum energy conservation is an NP-hard problem theoretically. Thus, a polynomial time algorithm has been proposed to derive the near-optimal performance. Extensive simulation results show that our proposed routing scheme outperforms previous works in terms of energy conservation and balanced distribution.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2017

영흥도선은 인천 옹진군 섬업벌 해역에서 인양된 통인신라시대의 고선박이다. 이 고선박의 상태를 파악하기 위하여 최대함수율과 온수추출, 알카리추출, 유기용매추출, 리그닌, 홀로셀룰로오스, 회분 분석을 통한 화학조성 분석과 FT-IR 및 solid state $^{13}C$ NMR, XRD을 통해 화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 영흥도선 선체편 외층의 최대함수율은 평균 623%로 수침고목재의 전형적인 특징인 셀룰로오스 감소에 따른 리그닌의 상대적인 증가 및 회분이 증가하는 현상을 보여주었다. 즉 영흥도선 선체편 외층의 셀룰로오스 흡수피크는 소멸되거나 현저하게 감소되어 나타났다. 또한 리그닌을 나타내는 흡수피크는 급격하게 증가하였다. 그러나 영흥도선 선체편 내층의 경우 헤미셀룰로오스와 일부 결정 및 비결정 영역의 셀룰로오스 흡수피크가 감소하여 나타났다. 따라서 영흥도선 선체편의 외층과 내층의 분해 정도의 차이가 큼을 보여주었다.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권19호
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• pp.75-107
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• 1998

The cultural properties of paper made from 11 to 16th century of the Kirimsa temple were found in Birozana Buddhist Statue which was made from 15 to 16th century. These have been stored and exhibited in the exhibition showcase. To examine the environment of conservation and the state of paper, we investigated the temperature and the relative humidity in the inside and outside of the Kirimsa museum and examined the external form and the internal state (water content, acidity and whiteness) of paper. During the investigation period from 27 Aug. to 30 Aug. 1997. The average of temperature and relative humidity were $28.2^{\circ}C$, 67% in the outside and $27.1^{\circ}C$, 73% in the inside, respectively. These indicated the air conditioning was wrong. Among the cultural properties of 79 papers stored in the Kirimsa museum, 37 cases had been repaired but 42 cases not. From the result examining the external form, 20 cases needed to repair. In the internal state of the cultural properties of paper, the water contents were from 11.9% to 16.5%, the average was 15.7%, the acidities from pH 5.7 to pH 6.2 and the whiteness from 37 to 45. From these results, we could see the cultural properties of paper stored in the Kirimsa museum was damaged by the several factors (hydrolysis by fungi, repeated elongation and retraction of cellulose) caused mainly by the high temperature and relative humidity. Therefore, for the conservation of the cultural properties of paper stored in the Kirimsa museum, it need to control the temperature at $18~20^{\circ}C$ and the relative humidity at $55\pm5%$ by the appropriate air conditioning. In order to sterilize fungi occurred to the surface of paper, the cultural properties of paper needed to fumigate. The fungi occurred on the surface of paper were wiped out by using of 70%solution dissolved thymol in ethyl alcohol.