• 농촌계획
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2010

This study aims to understand the degree of inequality of surveyed amenity resources and identify which resource and region have the highest concentration by estimating Lorenz Curve and the Gini's Coefficient. The Lorenz Curve and Gini's Coefficient derived from economics are introduced as tools for investigating and quantifying regional variability of amenity resources concentration. This study describes the concepts underlying the application of the Gini's coefficient to measure the concentration of amenity resources in 11 regions, Chungbuk Province, Korea. The Lorenz Curve presents a graphical view of the cumulative distribution of amenity resources and the Gini's Coefficient provides a single-parameter measure of the distributional concentration of amenity resources. Also the Gini's Coefficient is compared to the number of amenity resource for understanding distributional difference between concentration and quantitative distribution of amenity resources. The results demonstrate significantly different regional variation according to the amenity variables: almost intact nature, interaction between nature and man, man-made.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2010

The sensitivity of aerosol light extinction coefficient to the aerosol chemical composition change is estimated by (1) calculating the aerosol water content and chemical concentrations by a gas/particle equilibrium model and (2) calculating the aerosol light extinction coefficient by a Mie theory based optical model. The major chemical species are total (gas and particle phase) sulfuric acid, total nitric acid, and total ammonia which are based on the measurement data at Seoul and Gosan. At Seoul, since there were enough ammonia to neutralize both total sulfuric acid and total nitric acid, the dry ionic concentration is most sensitive to the variation of the total nitric acid level, while the total mass concentration (ionic concentration plus water content) and thus, the aerosol light extinction coefficient are primarily determined by the total sulfuric acid. At Gosan, since the concentration of ambient sulfuric acid was the highest among the inorganic species, sulfate salts determined aerosol hygroscopicity. Thus, both ionic and total mass concentration, and resultant aerosol light extinction coefficient are primarily determined by the sulfuric acid level.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.289-295
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• 2012

Assume fluid eddy viscosity in the vertical direction is parabolic. Sediment particles diffuse with the given fluid eddy viscosity. However, when the vertical diffusion coefficient profile is computed from the suspended sediment concentration profile, the coefficient shows lager values than the fluid mixing coefficient values. This trend was explained by using two sizes of sediment particles. When fine sediment particles like wash load are added in water column the sediment mixing coefficient looks much larger than the fluid mixing coefficient.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2000년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.266-269
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• 2000

To understand the gaseous behaviour of volatile organic compounds in the unsaturated zone, their volatilization coefficient k$_{Lg}$ is evaluated. An experiment is conducted to examine the dependence of k$_{Lg}$ on the concentration of the dissolution, presence of unsaturated zone and depth of the unsaturated zone. The results show that the volatilization coefficient is not dependent on the concentration under the constant temperature and pressure. It is also find that k$_{Lg}$ depends on the presence of the unsaturated zone rather than its depth.depth.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.559-569
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 단위도 이론인 Nash 순간단위도의 구조를 이용하여 유역의 저류상수 및 집중시간을 추정하는 경험적인 방법을 제시하였다. 이 방법은 Nash 모형을 이론적으로 해석하여 구한 집중시간 및 저류상수에 기초하고 있다. 보다 근본적으로는 반복적인 계산을 통해 유역을 대표하는 선형저수지의 개수 및 저류상수의 수렴된 값을 찾아내는 형태로 되어 있다. 이는 HEC-HMS 등에서 채택하고 있는 최적화기법 적용의 문제점을 극복하고자 하는 것이다. 제안된 방법론은 평창강 유역의 방림지점에 적용하였으며, 또한 물리적으로 타당한 값을 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2011

This study aims to understand the degree of inequality of surveyed rural amenity resources according to resources and region in basic self governing body by estimating the Gini Coefficient and Lorenz Curve. Case Study was performed in Sunchang basic self governing body which full survey of rural amenity resources was completed. The Gini Coefficient was applied to measure the concentration of amenity resources in 11 Eup-Myun regions, Sunchang county of Jeonbuk province. The results demonstrate significantly different variation according to Eup-Myun regions and amenity variables. This result would be used as a basic data for rational rural planning based on amenity resources through identifying distributional concentration of rural amenity resources in basic self governing body.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2022

The evaluation of velocity profile for large values of buoyancy parameter and Bioconvected Rayleigh number is examined. The non-linear problem has been tackled numerically by shooting technique. Nanofluid temperature and nanoparticle concentration slightly elevates for increasing values of thermophoresis coefficient. Thickness of thermal boundary layer is significantly increased with thermophoresis coefficient whereas thickness of concentration boundary layer is more slightly enhanced. The response of temperature and nanoparticles concentration is observed due to change in Brownian motion parameter. As Brownian motion parameter increased temperature distribution is slightly enhanced. The reverse behavior is observed in case of nanoparticles concentration. Comparison of numerical technique with the extant literature is made and an acceptable agreement is attained.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.227-234
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• 1991

This study deals with concentration and light extinction of atmospheric aerosol in Seoul. From the measured aerosol size distribution for particle diameter ranging from 0.01 $\mum \sim 1.0 \mum$, extinction coefficient is calculated using the Mie theory. The results show that the diurnal variation of aerosol concentration, in general, reveals the lowest concentration in early morning and afternoon, while the highest at about 8 O'clock owing to the heavy traffic and accumulation of air pollution in the low atmosphere. However, aerosol concentration and extinction coefficient on April 7 give low values due to the advective wind. On the other hand, high aerosol concentration and extinction coefficenat are recorded on April 10 although solar radiation is weak. From the distribution of extinction coefficient we can find that aerosol particles of 0.1 $\mum \sim 1.0 \mum$ in diameter are highly effective on light extinction.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.155-169
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 유역 집중시간과 저류상수의 이론적 배경을 바탕으로 적절한 경험식의 형태를 제시하고 기존의 경험식의 형태와 비교 평가하였다. 추가로, 제시된 경험식의 형태를 이용하여 충주댐 유역의 집중시간 및 저류상수의 경험식을 유도하고, 유도된 경험식과 기존의 경험식들을 비교하였다. 그 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. (1) 유역의 집중시간에 대한 경험공식의 형태는 유로연장의 제곱에 비례하고 유로경사에 반비례하는 형태로 나타난다. (2) 저류상수는 집중시간에 비례하는 형태로 나타난다. (3) 기존 매개변수에 관한 경험식을 검토한 결과, 집중시간의 경우에는 Kirpich 공식, Kraven (I) 공식, Kraven (II) 공식, California DoT 공식, Kerby 공식, SCS 공식 및 Morgali and Linsley 공식 등이 이러한 이론적 배경을 잘 따르고 있는 것으로 나타난다. 저류상수의 경우, Clark 공식, Russell 공식, Sabol 공식 및 정성원 공식 등이 본 저류상수와 집중시간의 비례관계를 매우 잘 만족하는 것으로 나타난다. (4) 기존의 경험식을 충주댐 유역에 적용한 결과, 집중시간의 경험식 중 정성원 공식, 윤태훈 등 공식, Kraven (I) 공식 및 Kraven (II) 공식은 추정한 집중시간과 비교적 유사한 결과를 보였으나, Rziha 공식은 비정상적인 결과를 나타내는 것으로 나타났다. 저류상수의 경우에는 윤석영과 홍일표 공식, 정성원 공식, 이정식 등 공식 및 윤태훈 등 공식이 어느 정도 합리적인 결과를 보인 반면, Sabol 공식의 경우에는 비정상적인 결과가 유도되었다. 결론적으로 국내의 집중시간 및 저류상수에 대한 경험공식이 국내 유역의 특성을 잘 반영하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the degree of cargo concentration at Korean ports using Theil's Entropy and to compare the results with those of Gini coefficient, Hoyle(1983), and Hirshmann-Herfindahl models. The entropy indices were compared with other models after measuring the cargo concentration for the period of 1981-2000 among the 18 Korean ports. The core results of empirical analysis are as follows: first, the empirical results of entropy indices show the following trends: all the ports(concentration except 1996's slight deconcentration), ports in Western area(deconcentration in 1990s and slight concentration in 2000), ports in Southern area(deconcentration in 1980s and 1990s except concentration in 2000), and ports in Eastern area(continuous trends of concentration). However, competition power will be decreased if concentration is increased, because of the character of entropy index. The empirical results of 4 indices except Hoyle model show the comparatively same directions in terms of trends. This study found out the similar results among the following models: All the ports(entropy index & Gini coefficient & H-H model), ports in Western area(Entropy index &Hoyle model), ports in Southern area(Entropy index & Gini coefficient), and ports in Eastern area(Entropy index & H-H index).The policy planner of Korean ports should find out the determination factors of concentration and deconcentration of each ports and decide the investment priority, size and scope for balancing the development of regional ports.