• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.251-268
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• 2009

This study aimed at working out a practical plan in order that National Quality Award may be helpful to develop enterprises. In line with this aim, this study investigated the cases of foreign countries that evaluate the quality managements of enterprises on the basis of the standard model, and the aftereffect of winning the award, and its influence on management performance. Investigation was focused on the companies that won Quality National Award as a result of quality innovation activities and met with good results since then and finally won Korea Quality Grand Prix 3 years after winning the award, and questionnaire was performed to the directors of the competent authorities. The questionnaire was sent by e-mail, and its questions were made with a help from the advisers of National Quality Award. Questions were mostly focused on four parts, the general states of enterprises, the operation system of National Quality Award, the after effect of winning the award, and management performance shown after winning the award.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.349-355
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• 1994

Viral RNA was extracted from a purified orchid strain of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV-O) from Cymbidium "Grace Kelly". Polyadenylated viral RNAs were primed with Not I-oligo (dT) primer-adapter. First-strand cDNAs were reversely transcribed by Moloney murine leukaemia virus reverse transcriptase (RNAse H-), and then second-strand cDNAs were synthesized by RNase H and DNA polymerase I. The resulting double-stranded cDNAs were ligated into pSPORT1 vector and transformed into competent E. coli strain JM109 cells. The size of cDNAs within the recombinant plasmids was ranging from 0.9 to 3.9 kb. Among the selected clones, pTMO-0205 and -0210 covered the 3' half and the 5' half of the viral genomic RNA, respectively, which were covering more than 99% of the viral genemo size based on sequencing analysis. Two cDNA fragments which were 3.1 kb BamHI and NotI fragement released from pTMO-0.205 and 3.3 kb SalI and BamHI fragment released from pTMO-0210 were ligated with T4 DNA ligase. The clone was almost entire length, lacking only 31 nucleotides from the 5' terminus based on the sequencing result. This method was shown to be efficiently applicable to other plant viral gnomic RNA for the construction of cDNA.n of cDNA.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2011

The replication competent adenoviral vector (AV), AdLPCDIRESE1A was generated and reported previously to have cytotoxic effects in some cell lines. In AdLPCDIRESE1A, the expression of cytosine deaminse (CD) and E1A genes are under the control of tumor-specific L-plastin promoter. CD enzyme can deaminate the nontoxic prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to the toxic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). E1A gene is essential for viral replication. Primary liver cancer, most of which is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the third common leading cancer in Korea. Thus, we have conducted in vitro preclinical study to evaluate effectiveness of AdLPCDIRESE1A on HCC. The efficacy of cytotoxicity was measured by generation of cytopathic effect (CPE) and cell counting. We infected HepG2 cells with various MOI of vector alone or concurrent with 5-FC. Exposure of cells to AdLPCDIRESE1A generated a significant cytotoxic effect as compared to the control. Almost 83% of the cell had manifested the characteristic cytotoxic effect on day 9 after infection of cells with 10 MOI of vector. We also observed the additive cytotoxic effects when AdLPCDIRESE1A vector had been coadministrated with 5-FC. The results suggest that the use of AdLPCDIRESE1A/5FC may be value in treatment of liver cancer. Further animal studies are needed for clinical trial.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.207-222
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• 2015

Mathematics preservice teachers' Mathematical Content Knowledge ("MCK") includes not only knowledge for mathematics, but also academic knowledge for school mathematics and mathematical process knowledge. We can consider the items in PISA 2012 as suitable tools to assess process knowledge as well as mathematical content knowledge because these items are developed by competent international educational experts. Therefore, the responses to items with the low percentage of correct answers in conjunction with the mathematical contents were analyzed with focus on FMC. The results showed the reasoning competency in responses using the conditions of the problem and of understanding the conditions after reading the complex problems within the context (i.e. the reasoning and argumentation competency, and communication competency) requires improvements. Furthermore the results indicated the errors due to a lack of ability of devising strategies for problem solving. Based on the foregoing results, the implications towards the directions of the education for the preservice mathematics teachers have been derived.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.73-94
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aims to provide suggestions for improving the liberal arts curriculum for the 3-year emergency medical technology course by conducting a comparative research on the liberal arts curricula across 10 colleges. Methods: Various aspects of liberal arts subjects, such as basic directions set out by the curriculum, credit scores, and distribution, were studied. Results: Of the 10 colleges, 9 did not stated purpose of liberal arts education. All 10 offered courses including foreign language, computer, and self-management, however each subjects did not have reflections of course visions. Findings revealed the credit score ratio of liberal arts subjects to be relatively lower than the major subjects. Students had limited opportunity to choose liberal arts subjects, with only a small proportion of the course available for elective subjects. Most liberal arts subjects were completed in the first year. Subjects' experience was not expanded and deepened gradually. Subject choices often overlapped, with limited variety of available subjects. Conclusion: For competent emergency medical technicians, the 3-year emergency medical technology course should improve the quality of its liberal arts offerings. The study of liberal arts provides the opportunity to develop broad perspectives and mature attitudes.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.133-144
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to propose a remodification of the family resource management curriculum in order to vitalize the entire healthy family specialist program. In January 2005, 'the Act of Healthy Families' was enacted. From then on, healthy family specialists not only have assumed a key role in health family Projects, which is based on the Act of Healthy Families itself, but they have also become key members of the healthy family support centers. Therefore, it can be said that cultivating competent healthy family specialists is vital to the success of the management of the healthy family support centers as well as the entire healthy family project. In order to enhance the quality of the healthy family specialists, we need to modify the current curriculum, which is based on primary courses that offers healthy family specialist licences in the end, into a curriculum that focuses on work-oriented learning and practical education. Especially, the curriculum of public family management should be administered in a way that strengthens the practical management of healthy family support centers. The basic curriculum as well as the guidelines of the practical training that is being conducted through healthy family support centers should also be organized in a way that enhances the professionality and the unification of the healthy family specialist.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.55 no.12
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• pp.449-454
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• 2012

The purpose of this review is to present the basic concepts of attachment theory and temperament traits and to discuss the integration of these concepts into parenting practices. Attachment is a basic human need for a close and intimate relationship between infants and their caregivers. Responsive and contingent parenting produces securely attached children who show more curiosity, self-reliance, and independence. Securely attached children also tend to become more resilient and competent adults. In contrast, those who do not experience a secure attachment with their caregivers may have difficulty getting along with others and be unable to develop a sense of confidence or trust in others. Children who are slow to adjust or are shy or irritable are likely to experience conflict with their parents and are likely to receive less parental acceptance or encouragement, which can make the children feel inadequate or unworthy. However, the influence of children's temperament or other attributes may be mitigated if parents adjust their caregiving behaviors to better fit the needs of the particular child. Reflecting on these arguments and our childhood relationships with our own parents can help us develop the skills needed to provide effective guidance and nurturance.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.319-330
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• 2005

The information infrastructure between all the elementary and middle schools of the nation have made it possible to build an environment to breed competent students for our future society. However, since the focus of computer education has been mostly on utilization, it has created many problems such as limitation of creativity, weakening the self-studying skill and many other. Consequently this study is for the development of the textbooks of the computer principles in education and shows the affirmative effect of the improvement of creativity through their application.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.29-60
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• 2004

Recently stand-by credits are using as surety devices in various global business transactions including sale of goods. Stand-by credits have lots of merits but simultaneously have high possibility of improper demand by the beneficiary due to the characteristics of the documents required. So so-called fraud rule has developed as a solution to the improper demand in letter of credit transactions. And the actual way of the fraud rule is the injunction by the competent court. The purpose of this article is to examine the applicability of the injunction in stand-by credit transactions by means of case studies. For this purpose, the author examined the concept of the injunction, necessity of the injunction in stand-by credit transactions and the cases of injunction granted and injunction denied. Firstly, the courts have legal standard of the application of injunction due to the legislation of the relative articles in the United Nations Convention on Independent Guarantees and Stand-by Letters of Credit and the Uniform Commercial Code. Secondly, the courts have taken a negative attitude granting injunction in order to observe the independence principle. Thirdly, the courts have a tendency to grant injunction when the demand has no conceivable basis and the applicant will suffer irreparable injury without injunction. Finally, like the saying 'prevention is the best cure', the applicant always pays attention with reasonable care before improper demand by the beneficiary.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.103-122
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• 2004

Recognition and enforcement of the arbitral award play an important role in the settlement of the international commercial disputes. The New York Convention makes it a duty for the courts of signatories to recognize and enforce the foreign arbitral awards not taking the nationality of the party concerned into consideration. Recognition and enforcement of the arbitral award may be refused if the award has not yet become binding on the parties, or has been set aside or suspended by a competent authority of the country in which, or under the law of which, that award was made. The arbitral award has the same force as an irrevocable judgement including effect of excluding further litigation, its execution and formation. But the effect of set aside arbitral award made abroad in arbitral place was denied by France court for the interest of his people. There is no arbitral act but arbitral procedure is regulated by New Code of Civil Procedure in case of France. An appeal against the decision which grants recognition or enforcement is open if the recognition or execution is contrary to international pubic policy in virtue of Art. 1502. Arbitrator may consider compulsory provisions in arbitral place to assure to recognition and enforcement of the arbitral award.