• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.43 no.5 s.311
• /
• pp.12-21
• /
• 2006

In this paper, we propose a technique for extracting attentive objects in images using feature maps, regardless of the complexity of images and the position of objects. The proposed method uses feature maps with edge and color information in order to extract attentive objects. We also propose a reference map which is created by integrating feature maps. In order to create a reference map, feature maps which represent visually attentive regions in images are constructed. Three feature maps including edge map, CbCr map and H map are utilized. These maps contain the information about boundary regions by the difference of intensity or colors. Then the combination map which represents the meaningful boundary is created by integrating the reference map and feature maps. Since the combination map simply represents the boundary of objects we extract the candidate object regions including meaningful boundaries from the combination map. In order to extract candidate object regions, we use the convex hull algorithm. By applying a segmentation algorithm to the area of candidate regions to separate object regions and background regions, real object regions are extracted from the candidate object regions. Experiment results show that the proposed method extracts the attentive regions and attentive objects efficiently, with 84.3% Precision rate and 81.3% recall rate.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.391-397
• /
• 2015

Two hundred and sixteen Institut de S$\acute{e}$lection Animale (ISA) brown layers (40 wks of age) were studied for 6 wks to examine the effect of microalgae powder (MAP) on egg production, egg quality, blood lipid profile, and fatty acid concentration of egg yolk. Dietary treatments were as follows: i) CON (basal diet), ii) 0.5% MAP (CON+0.5% Schizochytrium powder), and iii) 1.0% MAP (CON+1.0% Schizochytrium powder). From 44 to 46 wks, egg production was higher in 1.0% MAP treatment than in control treatment (linear, p = 0.034); however, there was no difference on the egg production from 40 to 43 wks (p>0.05). Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly reduced in the groups fed with MAP, compared to those in groups fed with control diets (Quadratic, p = 0.034 and p = 0.039, respectively). Inclusion of 0.5% MAP in the diet of layers improved egg yolk color, compared with hens fed with basal diet at 46 wks (quadratic, p = 0.044). Eggshell thickness was linearly increased in MAP-fed treatments at 46th wk (p<0.05). Concentration of yolk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3) was increased in treatment groups fed with MAP (linear, p<0.05). The n-6 fatty acids, n-6/n-3 fatty acid, and unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid were decreased in treatment groups fed with MAP (linear, p<0.05). These results suggest that MAP improved the egg production and egg quality, and may affect serum lipid metabolites in the layers. In addition, MAP increases yolk DHA levels, and deceases n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2015

To create a wind resource map, we need a contour map, a roughness map and wind data. We need a land cover map for the roughness map of these data. A land cover map represents the area showing similar characteristics after color indexing based on the scientific method. The features of land cover is classified by Remote sensing technique. In this study, we verified the application of the NDVI technique is reasonable after we created the wind resource map using roughness maps by unsupervised classification and NDVI technique. As a result, the wind resource map using the NDVI technique showed a 60% accordance rate and difference in class less than one. From the results, The NDVI technique is found alternative to create roughness maps by the unsupervised classification.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• v.7 no.6
• /
• pp.460-467
• /
• 2015

PURPOSE. The aim of this study is to evaluate the appropriate impression technique by analyzing the superimposition of 3D digital model for evaluating accuracy of conventional impression technique and digital impression. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty-four patients who had no periodontitis or temporomandibular joint disease were selected for analysis. As a reference model, digital impressions with a digital impression system were performed. As a test models, for conventional impression dual-arch and full-arch, impression techniques utilizing addition type polyvinylsiloxane for fabrication of cast were applied. 3D laser scanner is used for scanning the cast. Each 3 pairs for 25 STL datasets were imported into the inspection software. The three-dimensional differences were illustrated in a color-coded map. For three-dimensional quantitative analysis, 4 specified contact locations(buccal and lingual cusps of second premolar and molar) were established. For two-dimensional quantitative analysis, the sectioning from buccal cusp to lingual cusp of second premolar and molar were acquired depending on the tooth axis. RESULTS. In color-coded map, the biggest difference between intraoral scanning and dual-arch impression was seen (P<.05). In three-dimensional analysis, the biggest difference was seen between intraoral scanning and dual-arch impression and the smallest difference was seen between dual-arch and full-arch impression. CONCLUSION. The two- and three-dimensional deviations between intraoral scanner and dual-arch impression was bigger than full-arch and dual-arch impression (P<.05). The second premolar showed significantly bigger three-dimensional deviations than the second molar in the three-dimensional deviations (P>.05).

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.462-470
• /
• 2020

Objective: To demonstrate that human visual illusion can contribute to sub-endocardial dark rim artifact in contrast-enhanced myocardial perfusion magnetic resonance images. Materials and Methods: Numerical phantoms were generated to simulate the first-passage of contrast agent in the heart, and rendered in conventional gray scale as well as in color scale with reduced luminance variation. Cardiac perfusion images were acquired from two healthy volunteers, and were displayed by the same gray and color scales used in the numerical study. Before and after k-space windowing, the left ventricle (LV)-myocardium boarders were analyzed visually and quantitatively through intensity profiles perpendicular the boarders. Results: k-space windowing yielded monotonically decreasing signal intensity near the LV-myocardium boarder in the phantom images, as confirmed by negative finite difference values near the board ranging -1.07 to -0.14. However, the dark band still appears, which is perceived by visual illusion. Dark rim is perceived in the in-vivo images after k-space windowing that removed the quantitative signal dip, suggesting that the perceived dark rim is a visual illusion. The perceived dark rim is stronger at peak LV enhancement than the peak myocardial enhancement, due to the larger intensity difference between LV and myocardium. In both numerical phantom and in-vivo images, the illusory dark band is not visible in the color map due to reduced luminance variation. Conclusion: Visual illusion is another potential cause of dark rim artifact in contrast-enhanced myocardial perfusion MRI as demonstrated by illusory rim perceived in the absence of quantitative intensity undershoot.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.213-222
• /
• 2008

This paper is related to color image segmentation and textile texture mapping for the 2D virtual wearing system. The proposed system is characterized as virtually wearing a new textile pattern selected by user to the clothing shape section, based on its intensity difference map, segmented from a 2D clothes model image using color image segmentation technique. Regardless of color or intensity of model clothes, the proposed system is possible to virtually change the textile pattern or color with holding the illumination and shading properties of the selected clothing shape section, and also to quickly and easily simulate, compare, and select multiple textile pattern combinations for individual styles or entire outfits. The proposed system can provide higher practicality and easy-to-use interface, as it makes real-time processing possible in various digital environment, and creates comparatively natural and realistic virtual wearing styles, and also makes semi-automatic processing possible to reduce the manual works to a minimum. According to the proposed system, it can motivate the creative activity of the designers with simulation results on the effect of textile pattern design on the appearance of clothes without manufacturing physical clothes and, as it can help the purchasers for decision-making with them, promote B2B or B2C e-commerce.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.20 no.11
• /
• pp.1098-1102
• /
• 2014

Localization of aerial vehicles and map building of flight environments are key technologies for the autonomous flight of small UAVs. In outdoor environments, an unmanned aircraft can easily use a GPS (Global Positioning System) for its localization with acceptable accuracy. However, as the GPS is not available for use in indoor environments, the development of a SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) system that is suitable for small UAVs is therefore needed. In this paper, we suggest a vision-based SLAM system that uses vision sensors and an AHRS (Attitude Heading Reference System) sensor. Feature points in images captured from the vision sensor are obtained by using GPU (Graphics Process Unit) based SIFT (Scale-invariant Feature Transform) algorithm. Those feature points are then combined with attitude information obtained from the AHRS to estimate the position of the small UAV. Based on the location information and color distribution, a Gaussian process model is generated, which could be a map. The experimental results show that the position of a small unmanned aircraft is estimated properly and the map of the environment is constructed by using the proposed method. Finally, the reliability of the proposed method is verified by comparing the difference between the estimated values and the actual values.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.222-228
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the minimization of off-flavor occurrence and the maintenance of high quality in modified atmosphere packaged Pleurotus ostreatus during the storage. There are 4 treatments used to preserve high quality and for deodorization of MAP mushroom: Artemisia princeps, Artemisia capillaries, green tea and activated charcoal. The mushrooms were packed in polyethylene film with each treatment and were stored at 5 and $20^{circ}C$. No difference was observed in weight loss, $CO_2\;and\;O_2$ concentration, or color of mushrooms packed with or without treatment. However, the principal component analysis (PCA), electronic nose, revealed differences in off-flavor occurrence between control (MAP mushroom without treatment) and treatment groups at $5^{\circ}C$. This result suggested that Artemisia princeps and Artemisia capillaries was masking the off-flavor in MAP mushroom because the unique flavor of them was strongly revealed and green tea and activated charcoal might have a role of removing the off-flavor by adsorbing ethanol and acetaldehyde, which is known to cause off-flavor. The sensory test showed that Artemisia princeps and Artemisia capillaries dough treatment inhibited microbial growth.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.287-294
• /
• 2006

Mass-customization is fast growing a segment of the apparel market. 2D Virtual wearing system is one of visual support tools that make possible to sell apparel before producing and reduce the time and costs related to product development and manufacturing in the world of apparel mass-customization. This paper is related to fabric color mapping method for 2D image-based virtual wearing system. In proposed method, clothing shape section of interest is segmented from a clothes model image using a region growing method, and then mapping a new fabric color selected by user into it based on its intensity difference map is processed. With the proposed method in 2D virtual wearing system, regardless of color or intensity of model clothes, it is possible to virtually change the fabric color with holding the illumination and shading properties of the selected clothing shape section, and also to quickly and easily simulate, compare, and select multiple fabric color combinations for individual styles or entire outfits.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2001

Effects of storage method and duration on the post-storage quality changes of deastringencied persimmons were investigated. Astringent persimmons(Diospyros kaki T. cv. Chungdobansi) were treated for 39 hours in 70% CO$_2$+5% O$_2$ at 25 $\^{C}$ for astringency removal, and then stored in CA(5%CO$_2$+3%O$_2$, 8%CO$_2$+3%O$_2$), MAP(0.06 mm LDPE film, 5.2%CO$_2$+6.8%O$_2$) and air at 0$\^{C}$ for 15, 45, 75 arnd 105 days. Subsequent to the storage, persimmons were held in air at 10$\^{C}$ for 4 days. The difference of firmness loss in relations to storage methods at O$\^{C}$ during holding at 10$\^{C}$ observed in fruits stored above 45 days at 0$\^{C}$, CA(8%CO$_2$+3%O$_2$) storage was more retarded the firmness loss than the others. Soluble solids during holding at 10$\^{C}$ trended to decrease in fruits stored above 75 days at 0$\^{C}$, CA and MAP storage were a little effective to keeping soluble solids. Titratable acidity during holding at 10$\^{C}$, decreased in fruits stored until 75 days at 0$\^{C}$ regardless storage methods. Sensory characteristics, color, hardness and overall acceptability of fruits stored in CA were significantly higher than those of fruits stored in MAP and air during shelf-life at 10$\^{C}$ after long-term storage at 0$\^{C}$ . These results show that the storage conditions had residual effect on the quality of deastringencied persimmons during shelf-life after long-term storage.