• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.58-66
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• 2015

This study is to review the historical documents about Cinnamomum camphora SIEB. in Goryeo and Joseon Dynasty. First of all, we defined it's feature and used case by the most appropriate word 'Jang(樟)' meaning Cinnamomum camphora SIEB. We also discovered some illusions and should suggest a new possibility. First, we analyzed the definition and examples of Cinnamomum camphora SIEB. and come to the conclusion that 'Jang(樟)' seems to be the most appropriate word. Second, we confirmed that Cinnamomum camphora SIEB. grew in extralimital area. It is believed that it's because of making a mistake. Third, we confirmed that it is confused Cinnamomum camphora SIEB. with Koelreuteria paniculata in Yi, Gyu-Gyeong's records. However, it's required to verify the other cases of the Cinnamomum camphora SIEB.'s records. We expect a follow-up study about it by classifying modern feature and comparing literature matching.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.279-285
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of Cinnamomum camphora leaves on allergic skin inflammation such as atopic dermatitis. We evaluated the effects of C. camphora leaves on human adult low-calcium high-temperature keratinocytes and atopic dermatitis mice. C. camphora leaves inhibited Macrophage-derived chemokine (an inflammatory chemokine) production in $interferon-{\gamma}$ (10 ng/mL) stimulated Human adult low-calcium high-temperature keratinocytes in a dose dependent manner. C. camphora leaves suppressed the phosphorylation of janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription 1. C. camphora leaves also suppressed the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, a central signaling molecule in the inflammation process. These results suggest that C. camphora leaves exhibits anti-inflammatory effect via the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. To study the advanced effects of C. camphora leaves on atopic dermatitis, we induced experimental atopic dermatitis in mice by applying 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene. The group treated with C. camphora leaves (100 mg/kg) showed remarkable improvement of atopic dermatitis symptoms: reduced serum immunoglobulin E levels, smaller lymph nodes with reduced thickness and length, decreased ear edema, and reduced levels of inflammatory cell infiltration in the ears. Interestingly, the effects of C. camphora leaves on atopic dermatitis symptoms were stronger than those of hydrocort cream, a positive control. Taken together, C. camphora leaves showed alleviating effects on the inflammatory chemokine production in vitro and atopic dermatitis symptoms in vivo. These results suggest that C. camphora leaves help in the treatment of allergic inflammation such as atopic dermatitis.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.293-300
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Cinnamomum camphora on melanogenesis. The MeOH extract of Cinnamomum camphora inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity in dose-dependent manner. Moreover, it significantly suppressed the melanin production in melan-a cells at the concentration of $100{\mu}/m{\ell}$. The MeOH extract was partitioned with ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water. Among them, the BuOH soluble fraction exhibited significant inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase. In addition, the BuOH soluble fraction reduced the melanin production in melan-a cells. But, the BuOH soluble fraction had less inhibition effects on melan-a cell originated tyrosinase. So, it was performed western blotting for melanogenic proteins (tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP-2)) using melan-a cells. The BuOH soluble fraction inhibited the protein expression of tyrosinase at the concentration of $100{\mu}/m{\ell}$. The results suggested that the BuOH soluble fraction of C. camphora might be a potent inhibitor of melanin biosynthesis in melan-a cells.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2015

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been emerging worldwide as one of the most important hospital and community pathogens. At the same time, because of the difficulty in developing chemical synthetic drugs and because of their side-effects, scientists are making more efforts to search for new drugs from plant resources to combat clinical multidrug-resistant microbial infections. Cinnamomum camphora (C. camphora) is a plant of family Lauraceae, and grown Jeju island in South Korea that are used as a drug to treat neurasthenia, epilepsy, cystitis, pyelonephritis, digitalis, cancer, and diabetes mellitus in folk remedies. In this study, antibacterial activites of 80% ethanol extract of C. camphora leaves (CCE) were investigated in combination with antibiotics against clinical isolates of MRSA. The results showed that CCE was determined with MIC and MBC values ranging from 156 to 313 and 313 to $625{\mu}g/ml$, oxacillin from 128 to 256 and 128 to $512{\mu}g/ml$, ampicillin from 4 to 64 and 8 to $128{\mu}g/ml$. The combination of CCE with oxacillin or/and ampicillin were synergistic effect against MRSA 1, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 15/ MRSA 1, 2, 6, and 7.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.23-26
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• 2001

The insecticidal activities of 30 aromatic plant extracts against four insect pests were examined by direct contact application. Against Nilaparvata lugens female adults, Myzus persicae female adults, and Plutella xylostella larvae, at 5,000 ppm, >90% mortality was achieved in the methanol extracts of the rhizomes from Cnidium officinale, Acorus gramineus, Acorus calamus var. angustatus and Curcuma Ionga, the whole plant from Agastache rugosa, the fruits from Illicium verum and Piper nigrum, and the flower bud from Eugenia caryophyllata as well as Cinnamomum camphora steam distillate. Against Spodoptera litura larvae, all test plant extracts were ineffective. The plants described merit further study as potential insect-control agents against insect pests.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.28-39
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the rehabilitation measures and select appropriate tree species and rehabilitation methods for rehabilitating the rock desert areas in Guizhou, China. The study was carried out during the periods from 2003 to 2006 and results are as follows. Afforestation site is classified as a dolomite sandstone hilly country, a halfstony hilly country, a karst physiognomy, a rock desertification farmland and an latent rock desertification farmland by soil type and rock desertification status. Total afforestation area of Xuiwen is 1,300ha and afforestation area of a dolomite sandstone hilly country, a halfstony hilly country, a karst physiognomy, a rock desertification farmland and an latent rock desertification farmland are respectively 104.0ha (8.0%), 146.6ha (11.3%), 200.5ha (15.4%), 705.7ha (54.3%) and 143.2ha (11.0%). Planted tree species were selected by five site types. Robinia pseudoacacia, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Thuja orientalis, Cupressus duclouxiana and Juniperus chinensis L. var. chinensis were planted in a dolomite sandstone hilly country and Choerospondias axillaris and Robinia pseudoacacia were planted in a halfstony hilly country. Cupressus duclouxiana, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Lonicera fulvotomentosa, Ilex kudincila, Quercus aliena, Quercus variabilis, Choerospondias axillaris, Koelreuteria bipinnata, Cryptomeria japonica, Cinnamomum camphora and Cinnamomum bodinieri were planted in a karst physiognomy. Cupressus duclouxiana, Toona sinensis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Lonicera fulvotomentosa, Eucommia ulmoides, Ilex kudincha. Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Magnolia officinalis were planted in a rock desertification farmland. Lonicera fulvotomentosa, Juglans sinensis, Pyrus pyrifolia, Choerospondias axillaris, Prunus salicina and Diospyros Kaki was planted in an latent rock desertification farm land. Robinia pseudoacacia showed high survival rate in 2004 and 2005, but Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Cinnamomum camphora showed slightly low survival rate in 2004. Survival rate of planting species in 2005 was over 80% because some species which showed low survival in 2004 were changed with other species and a proper afforestation method was applied. Growth rate of tree species was evaluated by height and diameter growth rate. Cupressus duclouxiana showed a highest height growth rate in 2004. Toona sil1ensis, Choerospondias axillaris, Koelreuteria bipinnata, and Cinnamomum camphora showed almost 100% height growth rate in 2005, although they showed a negative height growth rate in 2004. Robinia pseudoacacia showed a good growth rate in the rock desertification farmland and the halfstony hilly country so it could give a commercial benefit like honey as well as an afforestation effect.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2021

This evaluation tested the skin irritation and sensitization of an acaricide (Wagoojabi II®, WGJB) for the control of poultry red mite, containing 20% Chamaecyparis obtusa oil and 56% Cinnamomum camphora oil. In a primary skin irritation test, rabbits were dermally treated with WGJB for 24 h. The acaricide did not induce any adverse reactions such as erythema and edema on intact skin sites, but on abraded skin sites, some rabbits showed very slight erythema and edema 24 h after topical application. So, the acaricide was classified as a practically mild-irritating material based on a 0.625 primary irritation index score. In the skin sensitization test, guinea pigs were sensitized with intradermal injection of 0.1mL WGJB for 24 h. After 1 week, The WGJB was treated on the site of injection, and challenged 2 weeks later. The WGJB did not induce any allergic reactions. Therefore, the WGJB was graded as a weak material at '0' in both sensitization score and rate. From the results of this study, it is suggested that WGJB does not cause contact irritation and sensitization.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.110-114
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• 2002

The repellent activity of methanol extracts from 8 aromatic medicinal plant species and a steam distillate against blood-starved Aedes aegypti (L.) females was laboratory examined by skin test and compared with that of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet). Reponeses varied according to Plant species. At a dose of $0.1mg/\textrm{cm}^2$, potent repellency against adult mosquitoes was obtained with extracts of Cinnamomum camphora (94.1 %) Cinnamomum cassia bark (91.2%), Eugenia caryophyllata flower bud (72.2%), and Tilia amurensis (69.4%). Repellent activity of these plant extracts was comparable to that of deet (83.4%). The plants described merit further study as potential mosquito-repellent agents.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.4
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• pp.397-407
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• 2017

This research aims to analyze and compare the drought resistance of 7 species of landscape trees commonly grown in Korea. The 7 species are: Camellia japonica, Rhaphiolepis indica, Quercus glauca, Machilus thunbergii, Daphniphyllum macropodum, Dendropanax morbifera and Cinnamomum camphora. In order to analyze their drought resistance, the samples were left without irrigation for 30 days (05/09/2016 ~ 05/10/2016), during which period their respective drought resistor, relative water content, electrolyte elution figures and proline content were measured. As the non-irrigation proceeded, C. camphora was the first to wither, followed by D. morbifera, then D. macropodum, then M. thunbergii, then Q. glauca, then R. indica then finally C. japonica. Of the 7 species, Q. glauca, C. japonica and R. indica can be considered highly drought resistant, since they survived for longer than 3 weeks without irrigation. Relative water content (RWC) plummeted dramatically after the first 15 days of non-irrigation. Whereas RWC readings of C. camphora, D. morbifera, D. macropodum and M. tunbergii dropped by 40% or more, the other 4 species reported a relatively low rate of decrease at 20% or lower. The Camellia japonica, the R. indica and Q. glauca, which were the species with relatively high drought resistance, showed low proline content and electrolyte elution figures, whereas those of C. camphora, D. macropodum, D. morbifera and M. tunbergii were higher. Analysis through the nonlinear regression analysis logistic model showed that non-irrigation proved fatal for the 7 sample species in a range of 22.7 to 37.6 days. The C. japonica, R. indica, Q. glauca and M. tunbergii demonstrated a high drought resistance of 30 days or longer, whereas C. camphora, D. morbifera and D. macropodum had a low resistance of 25 days or less to drought from lack of water. In conclusion, out of the 7 species of broad-leaved evergreen trees tested, C. japonica, R. indica and Q. glauca seem to be suitable for use as landscape trees, owing to their high drought resistance.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) is an insect pest that significantly affects crop production. A number of pesticides have been used for aphid control, but their concerns on insect resistance and food safety have required alternative methods for pest management. In an effort to find for an alternative approach to aphid control, we screened plants extracts and examined their potentiality as insecticidal bio-resources. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred and ninety eight plant extracts were examined for insecticidal activity against the aphid, and the best candidate among them was chosen for further study. The extracts from Cinnamomum camphora was determined to be the best candidate exhibiting insecticidal activity more than 60% at a level of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. GC/MS analyses detected camphor, borneol, 4-terpineol, ${\alpha}$-terpineol and caryophyllene oxide as major compositions from the extracts obtained by hydrodistillation. Caryophyllene oxide exhibited the highest insecticidal activity with a $LC_{50}$ value of $237{\mu}g/mL$. Camphor lowered significantly the $LC_{50}$ value of caryophyllene oxide and increased largely its concentration in aphid, suggesting that camphor played a role in enhancing the insecticidal activity of caryophyllene oxide. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that camphor and caryophyllene oxide may be used as an insecticidal bio-resource for insect control against green peach aphid.