• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

Innovation and Scale-up of Start-up companies are becoming important national tasks. In the past, it was spread the start-up policy paradigm such as 'Start-up America', 'Start-up Chile', 'Start-up Britain' to overcome the recession globally. However as the economic recovery has become more visible recently in advanced economies, it is shifting from a start-up support policy to a scale-up oriented policy paradigm such as 'Scale-up America', Scale-up UK', 'Scale-up Denmark'. It is necessary to enter the scale-up phase beyond the start-up phase to increase the number of high-quality jobs and to continue economic growth. Therefore, it is necessary to grow the start-up into a strong medium-sized company and to lay the foundation for survival. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to consider the antecedent factors that influence the scale-up aspiration for the start-up firm to grow into a scale-up company, and empirically identifies the differences between the stages of economic development and entrepreneurs in the country. In order to accomplish the purpose, this study predicted scale-up by aspiration which is a predictor of scale-up behavior because it is difficult to achieve visible growth in a short period of time due to the characteristics of start-up companies. In order to empirically explore these relationships, the data were collected from nascent entrepreneurs who have less than 3.5 years of the Adult Population Survey(APS) among the subjects surveyed by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor(GEM) and the national economic development stage are divided into Innovation-driven, Efficiency-driven, Factor-driven type economies. For the test hypotheses, this study adopted the multi-level model analysis for comparison between national economic development stages and using the R 3.5.0 program. The results of this study are as follows. There is difference between the national economic development and the entrepreneur in the relationship between innovation orientation of entrepreneurs and scale-up aspirations. As the economy of the country develops, the innovation activity of the entrepreneur becomes more active. Since start-ups are heavily influenced by entrepreneurs, there is a difference in the degree of aspiration depending on how innovative an entrepreneur is in the same environment. In terms of the relationship between innovation orientation and scale-up aspiration, the fear of failure was found to differ between national economic development and entrepreneurs. The fear of failure differ from country to country, and this is one of the important factors affecting entrepreneurial activities. It is expected that the factors influencing the growth of the start-up companies which are identified through the results of these studies, will be used to create a suitable scale-up ecosystem according to the national economic development stage.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.297-298
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• 2012

ANIR (Atacama Near InfraRed camera) is a near infrared camera for the University of Tokyo Atacama 1m telescope, installed at the summit of Co. Chajnantor (5,640 m altitude) in northern Chile. The high altitude and extremely low water vapor (PWV = 0.5 mm) of the site enable us to perform observation of hydrogen $Pa{\alpha}$ emission line at $1.8751{\mu}m$. Since its first light observation in June 2009, we have been carrying out a $Pa{\alpha}$ narrow-band imaging survey of nearby luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs), and have obtained $Pa{\alpha}$ for 38 nearby LIRGs listed in AKARI/FIS-PSC at the velocity of recession between 2,800 km/s and 8,100 km/s. LIRGs are affected by a large amount of dust extinction ($A_V$~ 3 mag), produced by their active star formation activities. Because $Pa{\alpha}$ is the strongest hydrogen recombination line in the infrared wavelength ranges, it is a good and direct tracer of dust-enshrouded star forming regions, and enables us to probe the star formation activities in LIRGs. We find that LIRGs have two star-forming modes. The origin of the two modes probably come from differences between merging stage and/or star-forming process.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5261-5270
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• 2012

The present study is designed to compare the mortality and potential years of life lost of colorectal cancer between OECD countries and Korea before (1990-1999) and after (2000-2009) to provide data of more accurate strategy of public health policy and education about cancer treatment and prevention through examining differences of changes among the OECD countries. We statistically compared mortality and potential years of life lost from 32 OECD countries including Korea, except 2 nations with inadequate data, between before (1990-1999) and after the year 2000 (2000-2009) using 'OECD Health Data 2012' using the method of paired t-test. Male mortality of colorectal cancer was increased in 8 OECD countries including Korea and the female mortality was only increased in Chile and Korea. In particular, the increased rate of mortality was significantly high in Korean male and female. Moreover, increased rate of potential years of life lost for colorectal cancer was also significantly high in Korea: the rate in Korean male was increased over three times than in Mexico (2nd rank of the increase) and the rate of female was only increased in Korea compared with other countries, interestingly. Therefore, the present study suggested that most OECD countries well controlled the incidence and treatment of colorectal cancer after 2000 but Korea did not. From these, to control future problems, the further studies for the reason of the increase of potential years of life lost in female will be needed.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.79-92
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• 2017

We present a BV I optical photometric study of the old open cluster Ruprecht 6 using the data obtained with the SMARTS 1.0 m telescope at the CTIO, Chile. Its color-magnitude diagrams show the clear existence of the main-sequence stars, whose turn-off point is located around $V{\approx}18.45mag$ and $B-V{\approx}0.85mag$. Three red clump (RC) stars are identified at V = 16.00 mag, I = 14.41 mag and B - V = 1.35 mag. From the mean $K_s-band$ magnitude of RC stars ($K_s=12.39{\pm}0.21mag$) in Ruprecht 6 from 2MASS photometry and the known absolute magnitudes of the RC stars ($M_{K_S}=-1.595{\pm}0.025mag$), we obtain the distance modulus to Ruprecht 6 of $(m-M)_0=13.84{\pm}0.21mag$ ($d=5.86{\pm}0.60kpc$). From the ($J-K_s$) and (B - V ) colors of the RC stars, comparison of the (B - V ) and (V - I) colors of the bright stars in Ruprecht 6 with those of the intrinsic colors of dwarf and giant stars, and the PARSEC isochrone fittings, we derive the reddening values of E(B - V ) = 0.42 mag and E(V - I) = 0.60 mag. Using the PARSEC isochrone fittings onto the color-magnitude diagrams, we estimate the age and metallicity to be: $log(t)=9.50{\pm}0.10(t=3.16{\pm}0.82Gyr)$ and $[Fe/H]=-0.42{\pm}0.04dex$. We present the Galactocentric radial metallicity gradient analysis for old (age > 1 Gyr) open clusters of the Dias et al. catalog, which likely follow a single relation of $[Fe/H]=(-0.034{\pm}0.007)R_{GC}+(0.190{\pm}0.080)$ (rms = 0.201) for the whole radial range or a dual relation of $[Fe/H]=(-0.077{\pm}0.017)R_{GC}+(0.609{\pm}0.161)$ (rms = 0.152) and constant ([Fe/H] ~ -0.3 dex) value, inside and outside of RGC ~ 12 kpc, respectively. The metallicity and Galactocentric radius ($13.28{\pm}0.54kpc$) of Ruprecht 6 obtained in this study seem to be consistent with both of the relations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.10-10
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• 2017

우리나라 고추 재배는 ha당 총 노동투하시간 2,436 hr 중 수확작업시간은 954 hr으로 총 노동투하시간의 39.2%를 점유하고 있어 수확작업의 생력화를 위해 고추수확작업의 기계화가 절실히 필요하다. 고추 수확의 기계화를 위해 국내 T사에서 자주식 고추 수확기를 개발 중에 있다. 현재 고추를 기계로 채취하게 되면 많은 양의 줄기달린 고추가 유입되므로 수확 후 분리하는 작업에 있어 많은 인력과 시간이 소요되는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 드럼 회전 타입의 2차 탈실부 요인시험 장치를 제작하여 드럼의 회전속도, 드럼과 급치 사이 간격에 대해 요인시험을 수행함으로써 자주식 고추수확기 2차 탈실부의 적정 작업조건을 파악함에 목적을 두었다. 탈실부 요인시험 장치는 급치가 부착된 3개의 드럼 형태의 탈실부와 이송벨트로 구성된다. 공시재료인 고추는 광주광역시 남구 승촌동 소재의 개인농가에서 Plastic 온실로 재배된 '천상' 품종을 사용하였다. 본 요인시험은 드럼의 회전속도(40, 70, 100, 130 rpm)와 드럼과 급치 사이 간격(2, 5, 10 mm)으로 요인을 설정하여 시험을 수행하였다. 시험은 각 요인 당 3반복으로 실시하였으며, 투입되는 시료는 줄기달린 고추를 3가지의 형태로 구분하여 제작하였다. 각 요인에 따라 고추의 탈실률, 손상률에 대해 통계프로그램인 SAS를 이용하여 분석하였다. 드럼의 회전속도에 따른 요인시험결과, 손상 대비 탈실률로 비교했을 때 회전속도 40 rpm에서 탈실률 47.69%, 손상률 8.33%로 성능이 가장 낮았으며, 회전속도 70 rpm에서 탈실률 63.89%, 손상률 12.96%로 성능이 가장 높았다. 드럼과 급치 사이의 간격에 따른 요인시험결과, 간격이 클수록 탈실률 및 손상률이 줄어드는 경향을 보였으며, 5 mm일 때 성능이 가장 높았다. 반복이 있는 이원배치법을 이용하여 분석한 결과, 고추 탈실률과 손상률은 드럼의 회전속도와 드럼과 급치 사이 간격 모두에서 유의차가 발생한다고 나타났다. 요인시험 결과를 종합적으로 고려해 보았을 때, 드럼 회전속도 70 rpm, 드럼과 급치 사이 간격 5 mm에서 가장 높은 성능을 보였다. 고추 탈실률이 낮고, 손상률이 높아 탈실장치로서의 기능에 어려움이 있을 것으로 보이므로 추후 급치 타입의 변경 등 탈실장치의 보완 및 개선이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.52-59
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• 2006

This survey was conducted to monitor the current status of pesticide residues in imported agricultural products circulated in Gwangju, 2005. A total of 108 samples was analyzed by multiresidue method. Of these samples, 32 were citrus fruits, 60 were tropical fruits and grapes, and 16 were vagetables. The origin was Philippine for 39 samples, U.S.A. for 36, China for 12, New Zealand for 11, Chile for 6, etc. The overall rate of detections was 30.6% and no samples had violative residues. Of citrus fruits,20 samples (62.5%) had residues and the residues were thiabendazole, imazalil, chlorpyrifos, etc. Of tropical fruits and grapes, 13 samples (12.0%) had residues and the residues were azoxystrobin, chlorpyrifos, carbendazim, captan, etc. 16 of vagetables had no detectable pesticide residues. Thiabendazole (71% in oranges and 56% in grapefruits) and imazalil (50% in oranges) were found in citrus fruits, which were frequently used as post-harvest pesticides. And azoxystrobin which is one of strobilurin fungicides, was often detected in mango, tropical fruit(27%).

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.3-23
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• 2017

With the globalization of the world economy, international trade networks are expanding beyond geographical proximity, and the expansion of such trade networks is playing a role in promoting globalization. Korea has established itself as a strong FTA for the past 13 years, starting with the Korea-Chile FTA. Successful establishment of a short-term FTA network has shown positive economic effects such as increased trade volume with partner countries and market share in overseas markets. Other countries are also turning to the paradigm of economic development through the formation of a regional economic integration and a bilateral trade agreement network, and it is time to investigate new opportunities through understanding the entire RTA and FTA network. In this study, we analyzed the status of RTA and FTA from the 1960s to 2010s, analyzed network structure and centrality through SNA(social network analysis). The results of the study show that the structure of the FTA network is gradually expanding, and the FTA network, which has been expanding to the center of the early European countries, is changing toward the Asian countries such as Korea, China and Japan. As a result of the analysis of the degree of centrality, Korea was ranked as the top in all the degree of centrality(Degree, Betweenness, Closeness and Eigenvector) indicators for a short period of time and it means that Korea's FTA strategy was evaluated as very successful. This study examines the FTA among the global RTAs, assesses the structure of the FTAs and evaluates Korea's FTA strategies and the FTA network from a network perspective.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.790-802
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• 2017

Purpose. This study was designed to analyze recent trends in Children Art Therapy Program Intervention research in Korea and suggest future research directions in this area. Methods. Studies(29) selected from http://www.riss4u.net for last 15 year were used. They were analyzed by publication type, field and design of the study, study participants and outcome variables used in intervention studies. Results. 1. As for academic field, there are 15 art therapy academic journals(51.72%), which made up the largest proportion. 2. As for subjects of the study, there are 17 articles of Elementary (58.6%) education, which made up the largest proportion. As for the subjects of sex, 8 articles (27.59%) are for male students, 7 (24.14%) articles are for female students and 14 articles (48.28.%) are for both male and female students. 3. As for 7 articles of Art therapy(24.14%), 7 articles of Group Art therapy (24.14%) made up the largest proporton 4. As for the intervention study method according to the subjects of suicide intervention program, there are 15 articles of monoclonal Pre and post design (51.72%),which made up the largest proportion. 5. As for the sample size, there were 16.79 persons in the treatment group on average, 13.28 persons in the control group have average and the total persons were 10 on average. The treatment period was 12 weeks on average and the average number of treatment times was 18. The places of treatment were 3 schools (10.38%), which made up the largest proportion. 19. The results of the experimental study support the research hypothesis of all 29 programs. Conclusions. As the above, the studies on the art therapy intervention program for children are increasing but the subjects are overly weighted toward elementary school students. Although the content of the art therapy intervention program was varied, it was found that the development of the program using various art media which can induce the motivation of the child was lacking. In addition, the place of experimental mediation was concentrated on psychology center as 12(41.38%), indicating that there are not enough places to connect with community organizations such as schools and hospitals. The variables of experimental study were focused on psychological variables and it was found that there were insufficient application of various variables including coping method, social support, and physiological variables.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.3
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• pp.263-271
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• 2009

This study aims to identify negotiation alternatives related to Post-2012 reducing emissions from deforestation (RED) and enhancement of forest carbon stock (EFCS) activities. It also aims to recommend a negotiation strategy considering environmental integrity and national interest on the basis of estimating reduction potentials of each alternative on the assumption that tradable carbon credits play an important role as positive incentives. In order to estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction potentials and income potential from RED and EFCS activities, 99 countries were selected by the Global Forest Resources Assessment of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. A 'baseline and credit' method was applied to estimate RED activities. Gross-net and net-net methods were applied for EFCS activities. According to the results, Brazil, Indonesia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo have more potential to get positive incentives through RED, while China, Chile, and the Republic of Korea have more potential to get positive incentives through EFCS. This study suggests including both RED and EFCS activities in the boundary of policy approaches and endowment of positive incentives to consider GHG reduction potentials in the global scale and equity among developing countries. Making a discount rate application of forest management activities can be also recommended to factor out the effects of human-induced activities by EFCS activities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.34-40
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• 2017

In recent years, global warming has caused abnormal weather phenomena. Unusually cold climates have occurred all around the world, including cold waves in the Northeastern United States, Beijing, China, Southern India, and Pakistan, as well as floods in Chile, Kazakhstan, and Vietnam. China has been experiencing a nationwide heat wave annually since the year 2013, especially in the southern region. In this study, we used Landsat 8 OLI TIRS sensor images from four periods to analyze the characteristics of abnormal high temperature phenomena in Cixi-si, China. Land cover classification was performed using 10 bands of satellite imagery, and the surface temperature was extracted using the 10th thermal band. The results of the land cover classification of the fourth period show the changes of the time series quantitatively. The results of the surface temperature calculation provided both the average overall temperature and the average temperature of individual items. The temperature was found to be highest for buildings, followed by grassland, forest, agricultural land, water systems, and tidal flats in the same period.