• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.255-273
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to examine the causal relationship among the trading volume of Pyeongtaek port, Incheon Inner Harbor, Incheon North Harbor. Methodologically, Granger causality, impulse response function, and variance decomposition based on VAR are used. The results indicate that Pyeongtaek port trading volume positive shock has positive effects on Incheon North Harbor. In addition, Incheon Inner Harbor trading volumes positive shock has negative effects on Pyeongtaek port. The results also suggest that the volume of Pyeongtaek port Granger-causes the volume of Incheon North Harbor, but not vice versa. The volume of Incheon Inner Harbor Granger-causes the volume of Pyeongtaek port. Based on these results, we suggest that port authorities have to focus on policies that would promote copetition between port of Pyeongtaek and Incheon in the world harbor industry.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 2017

Background: In contemporary China, most parents are dual-earner couples and there is only one child in the family. We aimed to examine the associations of parents' work stress with suicidal ideation among the corresponding adolescent. We further hypothesized that low parental support experienced by adolescents may mediate the associations. Methods: Cross-sectional data from school students and their working parents were used, with 907 families from Kunming City, China. Stress at work was measured by the effort-reward imbalance questionnaire. Perceived parental support was assessed by an item on parental empathy and their willingness to communicate with the adolescent. Suicidal ideation was considered positive if students reported thoughts about suicide every month or more frequently during the previous 6 months. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations. Results: We observed that parents' work stress was positively associated with low parental support, which was in turn associated with adolescent suicidal ideation. The odds ratio for parents' work stress and adolescent suicidal ideation was 2.91 (95% confidence interval: 1.53-5.53), and this association was markedly attenuated to 2.24 (95% confidence interval: 1.15-4.36) after additional adjustment for parental support. Notably, mothers' work stress levels exerted stronger effects on children's suicidal ideation than those of fathers. Conclusion: Parents' work stress (particularly mother's work stress) was strongly associated with adolescent's suicidal ideation, and the association was partially mediated by low parental support. These results need to be replicated and extended in prospective investigations within and beyond China, in order to explore potential causal pathways as a basis of preventive action.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.126-140
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to compare the motivation factors between two groups: Chinese and Japanese tourists in Jeju-do. Also, this study offered an integrated approach to attempts to extend the theoretical and empirical research evidence on causal relationships of each group among motivation factors, perceived value, satisfaction, and intention to revisit and finally, the result of path analysis was compared. The results indicated that Chinese tourists' perceived value was positively affected by tourists' convenience(i.e. reservation system and tour guide) and their cultural experience had an influence on tourists' satisfaction significantly. On the other hand, Japanese tourists' satisfaction was positively affected by tourists' convenience and their perceived value significantly influenced on tourists' intention to revisit. The findings of this study can be used as a marketing strategy for each tourist group.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.661-671
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the correlations among learning self-efficacy, confidence in performance, perception of importance and transfer intention for core basic nursing skill in nursing students. The subjects of this study were 2nd grade students at a nursing university. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 program. As a result, the transfer intention had a correlation with the learning self-efficacy (r=.49, p<.001), confidence in performance (r=.30, p=.006), perception of the importance (r=.31, p=.005). The results of this study suggest that further research is necessary to verify the causal relationship between the transfer intention and the related variables in order to develop an effective education program for promoting the transfer intention.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2002

We have utilized the PCR-RFLP method to detect the ryanodine receptor(RYR1) gene mutation and to estimate the genotype frequencies of the RYR1 gene in commercial crossbred pig population. The exon region(659bp) including point mutation(C ${\rightarrow}$T; Arg ${\rightarrow}$Cys) in the porcine ryanodine receptor gene, which is a causal mutation for PSS, was amplified by PCR and digested with Cfo I restriction enzyme. The RYR1 gene was classified into three genotypes by agarose gel electrophoresis. The normal homozygous(NN) individuals showed two DNA fragments consisted of 493 and 166bp. The mutant homozygous(nn) individuals showed only one DNA fragment of 659bp. Also, all three fragments(659, 493 and 166bp) were showed in heterozygous(Nn) carrier animals. The proportions of normal, carrier and PSS pigs within crossbred population of pigs were 81%, 15% and 4%, respectively. According to the results of analysis of variance for the association of genotypes of RYR1 of pigs at 30kg, day age at 90kg and average daily gains, the RYR1 nn genotype was very higher than RYR1 NN genotype for day age at 30kg with 5% level of significant difference, but no significant difference for association of any other genotypes with day age at 90kg and average daily gain in crossbred pigs. Therefore, DNA diagnosis by using PCR-RFLP analysis for the PSS gene was useful for large-scale screening of commercial pigs in the swine industry.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.517-534
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to identifies the effects of service quality factors on satisfaction and trust, and then verifies the causal relations among satisfaction, trust, commitment and using intention in mobile service setting. A survey was conducted to collect the data with consumers who had the actual using experience about mobile services. Analysis of structural equation modeling with SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 16.0 were performed to test the research hypothesis. The result of the study as follows: First, it was found to difference in relationship between dimensions of mobile service quality and satisfaction except for the pleasure. Second, the sociality was found to significant path coefficients in relationships with trust. Third, satisfaction and trust have influence on commitment and commitment has effects on using intention, but there had no significant path coefficients between satisfaction and trust, and then both satisfaction and trust were not found to significant path coefficients in relationship with using intention. Therefore, Marketers of mobile service corporate have to give excellent service quality to consumers who have using their mobile service for increase of using intention through build up trust and commitment by consumers who satisfied.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.524-540
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• 2019

We researched about the relationship among the Purpose of Assessment Certificate System, the preparation result, certificate, and, the performance of the assessment certificate on the purpose of the empirical analysis. For the testing of a research model, we tested 170 samples that our colleges tested by The Assessment Certificate System. As a result of the analysis; there are positive and causal effect relationships among the three variables. This study result will expansion and help to maintain performance growth in the college. In the future, the research about the improvement of management performance are needed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.574-586
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• 2019

This study was conducted to obtain meaningful information about job management of child care center teachers, who take charge of child care policy at the front line, social meaning of which is being greatly highlighted these days. Especially, the research was designed with causal relationships in mind, in which certain job-related thoughts or consciousness forms attitudes, thus leading to behavior. In this light, the present study selected the following variables for analysis: job attitudes including job calling, job engagement, and job burnout; and job behavior such as creative behavior, active behavior, and ethical behavior. Data collected from 209 child care center teachers' response to structured questionnaires was analyzed, using t-test, one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA), and hierarchical regression analysis. The results indicate that job burnout increased at a statistically significant level as extra workhours increased, and that only job engagement, among job attitude variables, and creative behavior and active behaviors, among job behavior variables, had significant effects. Moreover, job engagement was the only variable that was found to work as a mediator in relationships between job calling and active behavior.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.62-74
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• 2018

This study was proposed to examine the mediating effect of basic psychological needs on how parenting attitude affect middle school students with over-dependence on smart phone. This study utilized 2017 survey research by National Information Society Agency (NIA), namely a long-term follow-up study of 901 people with over-dependence on internet and smart phone. This study showed two findings. First, over-dependence on smart phone had correlations with basic psychological needs- autonomy(r=-.22, p<.001) and competence(r=-.13, p<.001); with parenting attitude- positive parenting(r=-.21, p<.001) and negative parenting(r=.15, p<.001). Second, both parenting attitude and basic psychological needs had a causal relationship with over-dependence on smart phone. These results can provide a basis to reconsider social awareness on over-dependence on smart phone among middle school students. This study proposed few research directions for further study to prevent over-dependence on smart phone and to educate parents.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.96-107
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the causal relationship between mother's parenting stress and family resilience in children with ADHD. Methods: The results of the survey were hierarchically regressed. The participants were 113 mothers of children with ADHD and who lived in resident in Busan and Gyeongsangnam-do Province. The main contents of the study were as follows: First, there was a significant difference in family resilience level according to mother's educational background and family monthly income. Second, the higher the parenting stress, the lower the family resilience ($r=-.622^{**}$), and all three types of coping methods showed the highest correlation with family resilience. Third, the variables affecting family resilience were in the order of problem - centered coping (${\beta}=.376$), parenting stress (${\beta}=-.338$) and mother's academic ability (${\beta}=.239$). Based on this study, this study suggested a social welfare practice plan to reduce the parenting stress and increase the resilience of the mother of the child with ADHD.