• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.159-175
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• 2004

The inhibitory effects of 207 oriental medicines and 19 oriental prescriptions on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical were examined. The most effective oriental medicines were the fruit of Terminalia chebula, followed in order by the seed of Areca catechu, the heart wood of Caesalpinia sappan, the pericarp of Castanea crenata, the seed of Nelumbo nucifera, Rhus galls, the root of Sanguisorba officinalis, and the bark of Betula platyphylla at the concentration of 10 ${\mu}g$／mL. Of the 19 oriental prescriptions, Buyeonsan and Samsinhwan showed the potent scavenging activities of 88% and 71% on DPPH radical at the concentration of 5 ${\mu}g$／mL, respectively.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.518-523
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• 2004

An allergic reaction ensues after antigen binds to mast cell or basophil high affinity IgE receptor, Fc$\varepsilon$RI, resulting in degranulation of various inflammatory mediators that produce various allergic symptoms. In this study, i) we isolated the active component for the inhibition of mast cell degranulation from the extract of leaves of Castanea crenata and identified it as quercetin; ii) we established the total synthesis procedure of quercetin; iii) using quercetin as positive control, we excavated some lead compounds that possess inhibitory activities for mast cell degranulation by screening the chemical libraries of 1,3-oxazolidine derivatives prepared by solid phase combinatorial chemistry. Some of 1,3-oxazolidine compounds possessing acetyl and 3',4'-dichlorophenyl group displayed strong inhibitory activities on Fc$\varepsilon$RI-mediated mast cell degranulation, suggesting that they can be used as lead compounds for the development of anti-allergic agents.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.469-474
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• 2002

The inner shell of the chestnut (Castanea crenata S. et Z., Fagaceae) has been used as an anti-wrinkle/skin firming agent in East Asia, and preliminary experiments have found that a 70% ethanol extract from this plant material can prevent cell detachment of skin fibroblasts from culture plates. In order to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, its effects on the expression of adhesion molecules, such as fibronectin and vitronectin, were investigated using the mouse skin fibroblast cell line, NIH/3T3. Using fixed-cell ELISA, Western blotting and immunofluorescence cell staining, it was clearly demonstrated that the chestnut inner shell extract enhanced the expression of the cell-associated fibronectin and vitronectin. Scoparone (6,7-dimethoxycoumarin), isolated from the extract, also possessed similar properties. These findings suggest that the enhanced expression of the adhesion molecules may be one of the molecular mechanisms for how the chestnut inner shell extract preventing cell detachment and may be also responsible for its anti-wrinkle/skin firming effect.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.11-18
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• 2023

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the effect of face washing on pore changes in a controlled environment without external condition changes. The research compared the results of water washing, foam cleanser (F/C) washing, and herb cp (cold process) soap washing on pore reduction. Methods : The experiment was conducted using the same water and towel, in the same place, before and 10 minutes after washing. The skin test was performed before and after washing, and three cases of herb cp soap were tested: Ginseng, Liriope platyphylla (LP), and Castanea crenata inner shell (CCIS). A control group was established using water and F/C washing. Results : Water washing and F/C washing showed a similar degree of pore reduction. Men and individuals with complex skin types showed significantly larger pores. LP cp soap showed the greatest significance in pore reduction. Conclusion : This study found that pore shrinking effects were observed regardless of the use of facial cleansers. LP cp soap was found to be the most effective in reducing pore size. It is important to emphasize the importance of face washing for individuals with large pores and combination skin types, especially men.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.235-245
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• 2023

Forest fuel moisture content is a crucial factor influencing the combustion rate and fuel consumption during forest fires, significantly impacting the occurrence and spread of wildfires. In this study, meteorological data were gathered using a meteorological measuring device (HOBO data logger) installed in the south and north slopes of Kangwon National University Forest, as well as on bare land outside the forest, from November 1, 2021, to October 31, 2022. The objective was to analyze the relationship between meteorological data and fuel moisture content. Fuel moisture content from the ground cover on the south and north slopes was collected. Fallen leaves on the ground were utilized, with a focus on broad-leaved trees (Prunus serrulata, Quercus dentata, Quercus mongolica, and Castanea crenata) and coniferous trees (Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis), categorized by species. Additionally, correlation analysis with fuel moisture content was conducted using temperature (average, maximum, and minimum), humidity (average, minimum), illuminance (average, maximum, and minimum), and wind speed (average, maximum, and minimum) data collected by meteorological measuring devices in the study area. The results indicated a significant correlation between meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, illuminance, and wind speed, and the moisture content of fuels. Notably, exceptions were observed for the moisture content of the on the north slope and that of the ground cover of Prunus serrulata and Castanea crenata.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.572-580
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• 2017

The contents of phenolic compounds in water and 40% ethanol extracts from Okkwang (Castanea crenata) chestnut bur solid (OCS) were $11.24{\mu}g/50{\mu}g$ solid and $10.28{\mu}g/50{\mu}g$ solid, respectively. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) radical decolorization activities of water and ethanol extracts were 85% and 100% as well as 87% and 86% at a solid content of $50{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The anti-oxidant protection factors (PFs) of water and ethanol extracts at a solid content of $200{\mu}g/mL$ were 1.22 PF and 1.45 PF, respectively. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance were 83% in water extract and 73% in ethanol extract at a solid content of $200{\mu}g/mL$. The inhibitory activities against xanthine oxidase in water and ethanol extracts were 54% and 43% at a solid content of $200{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The inhibitory activities against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase were 95% in water extract and 96% in ethanol extract at a solid content of $50{\mu}g/mL$. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity was 27% in ethanol extract at a solid content of $200{\mu}g/mL$. The collagenase and elastase inhibitory activities as anti-wrinkle effect were 93% and 11% in water extract as well as 94% and 56% in ethanol extract at a solid content of $200{\mu}g/mL$. Hyaluronidase inhibitory activity as anti-inflammatory effect of water and ethanol extracts were 96% and 52% at a solid content of $200{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The results show that extracts from OCS can be used as a functional resource with antioxidant, anti-gout, carbohydrate degradation inhibitory, whitening, anti-wrinkle, and anti-inflammatory activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.9
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• pp.1378-1386
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• 2013

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease characterized by chronic and relapsing inflammatory dermatitis with immunological disturbances. In spite of the continuous increase in the incidence of AD, it is regrettable that till date there is no effective treatment to treat the same. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine the possible anti-atopic effects of Castanea crenata inner shell extracts fermented by Lactobacillus bifermentans (FCS) in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) induced AD in NC/Nga mice. Based on the results of HPLC analysis, we found that FCS contains anti-inflammatory factors such as gallic acid (10.18 mg/g) and ellagic acid (2.14 mg/g). The groups that we have used in this study included 0.1%, 1%, 5% fermented Castanea crenata inner shell extracts (FCS 0.1, FCS 1, FCS 5), 1,3-butylene glycol treated control (AD), and normal mice. After topical FCS treatment, we observed that the clinical severity score for AD was lower in both the FCS 1 and FCS 5 groups than the AD group. We also proved beyond doubt that there was improvement of melanin, erythema and skin moisture indices in the FCS 5 group. Spleen index and gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ were significantly decreased in the FCS 5 group compared to the AD group (P<0.05). Further, we also found that the level of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the FCS-treated group was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. The results of our study suggest that FCS can be effectively used as a cosmeceutical ingredient for both the prevention and improvement of AD.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2017

The powdery mildew on Castanea crenata in South Korea was first recorded as Microsphaera alni in 1958. On the basis of its morphological characteristics and host range, the mildew was determined as Microsphaera sinensis in 1988. According to the rules of The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, M. sinensis was renamed Erysiphe castaneigena in 2006. Nevertheless, taxonomic re-consideration of the morphological and molecular characteristics for the Castanea powdery mildew in Korea has not been performed. In the present study, we studied 34 powdery mildew samples collected from C. crenata in the Korea University Herbarium. On the basis of microscopic examinations of the holomorph and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions, we confirmed the powdery mildew fungus as E. castaneigena. In addition, sequence comparison between E. castaneigena and E. alphitoides ex Castanea sp. suggested a close phylogenetic affinity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1193-1199
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to show the antioxidant properties of chestnut (Castanea crenata) bur extracts fermented by Lactobacillus casei. The chestnut has been used as a cosmetic material in Korea for many years. This study showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were inhibited by the fermentation materials of chestnut bur extracts. The antioxidant activities were analyzed and expressed as EDA, ABTS, reducing power, SOD-like activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, and nitric oxide scavenging ability. The antioxidant activities of fermentation materials from L. casei of chestnut bur extracts were higher than those of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and ascorbic acid (AA). Therefore, we expect that fermentation materials from L. casei of chestnut bur extracts are valuable resources as natural antioxidants and functional cosmetics ingredients.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.169-180
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• 2001

The forest vegetation in Daedeok Science Town were classified as second forest vegetation and afforestation vegetation. The second forest vegetation was classified into two communities such as Pinus densiflora community and Quercus acutissima community. Also, the afforestation vegetation was classified again as Robinia pseudoacacia community, Pinus rigida community, Pinus thunbergii community, and Castanea crenata community. In this study area, we found total 217 taxa. The average species of appearance in Pinus densiflora community, Quercus acutissima community, Robinia pseudoacacia community, Pinus rigida community, Pinus thunbergii community, and Castanea crenata community were 21, 20, 20, 21, 21, and 18, respectively. There was no difference in appearance species between second forest and afforestation vegetation. We found total 12 naturalized plants taxa of Commelina communis, Phytolacca americana, Erigeron annuus, and Ailanthus altissima in the plots and total 19 naturalized plants taxa of Dactylis glomerata, Bidens frondosa, Xanthium strumarium, and Soianum nigrum in the climbing roads and forest circumferences. And so, we found total 31 naturalized plants taxa in this study area.