• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1937-1945
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• 2018

Malassezia pachydermatis is a commensal yeast found on the skin of dogs. However, M. pachydermatis is also considered an opportunistic pathogen and is associated with various canine skin diseases including otitis externa and atopic dermatitis, which usually require treatment using an azole antifungal drug, such as ketoconazole. In this study, we isolated a ketoconazole-resistant strain of M. pachydermatis, designated "KCTC 27587," from the external ear canal of a dog with otitis externa and analyzed its resistance mechanism. To understand the mechanism underlying ketoconazole resistance of the clinical isolate M. pachydermatis KCTC 27587, the whole genome of the yeast was sequenced using the PacBio platform and was compared with M. pachydermatis type strain CBS 1879. We found that a ~84-kb region in chromosome 4 of M. pachydermatis KCTC 27587 was tandemly quadruplicated. The quadruplicated region contains 52 protein coding genes, including the homologs of ERG4 and ERG11, whose overexpression is known to be associated with azole resistance. Our data suggest that the quadruplication of the ~84-kb region may be the cause of the ketoconazole resistance in M. pachydermatis KCTC 27587.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.221-225
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• 2015

This study evaluated the effects of alfaxalone (3 mg/kg, intravenously) on echocardiographic examination in healthy dogs using echocardiography. Six adult Beagle dogs were used for this study. Left ventricular dimensions with systolic indexes, trans-blood flow at all cardiac valvular annulus and trans-mitral tissue Doppler values were measured from routine transthoracic echocardiography. Although the changes were not statistically significant, heart rate, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, peak velocities of tricuspid A-wave and transpulmonic flow were increased after alfaxalone induction, while systolic blood pressure, fractional shortening, left ventricular ejection fraction, peak velocities of mitral E-wave, mitral A wave, tricuspid E-wave, transaortic flow and medial e'-, a'- and s'-peaks decreased after alfaxalone induction. No dogs showed hypoxemia during sedation, regardless of intubation and oxygen supply. Although alfaxalone showed mild cardiovascular depression, this protocol could be a good alternative sedative protocol for echocardiographic examination in healthy dogs because the cardiovascular depression was statistically and clinically insignificant. However, further studies in dogs with heart diseases should be conducted to confirm these findings after alfaxalone induction.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.96-100
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• 2012

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate trabecular changes in the mandible using fractal analysis and to explain the transient osteopenia related to rapid orthodontic tooth movement after orthognathic surgery. Materials and Methods: Panoramic radiographs were taken of 26 patients who underwent bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Radiographs taken before the surgery and 1 month after surgery were overlapped, and $40{\times}40$ pixel square regions of interest were selected near the mandibular canines and 1st molars. After the image processing procedure, the fractal dimension was calculated using the box-counting method. Results: Fractal dimension after orthognathic surgery decreased in a statistically significant manner (P<0.05). The change in fractal dimension on the canine side had greater statistical significance as compared to that seen on the 1st molar side. Conclusion: This study found that bone density decreases after orthognathic surgery due to transient osteopenia related to the regional acceleratory phenomenon. This result can provide a guide to evaluating orthodontic tooth movement after orthognathic surgery.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.273-277
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• 2020

A 12-year-old, female Maltese was referred with uncontrolled hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). Despite well management of HAC through treatment with trilostane and serial monitoring with ACTH stimulation tests for over three years, stiffness of the neck and limbs progressively worsened over time. Neurological test was performed, which showed no abnormalities of cranial nerves. Proprioception was delayed but the cause appeared to be due to stiffness of limb muscles. Muscle tone had increased over time and stiffness had worsened to the extent where it made walking difficult. MRI scans showed no orthopedic or spinal diseases, and pituitary microadenoma was confirmed with pituitary gland measurement of 6 × 6.4 × 4.5 mm (H × W × L). Electromyography presented random discharges with fluctuating amplitude and frequency, which were consistent with myotonic discharges. There were no improvements of myotonic signs despite treatment for HAC with trilostane. Supplementation of L-carnitine and coenzyme Q-10 to mitigate muscle stiffness, following diazepam and methocarbamol to help with muscle rigidity, failed to show any positive effect and the dog died a sudden death, 1,182 days after the initial visit.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.42-45
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• 2019

Thromboelastography (TEG) analysis consists of ${\alpha}$, G, K, MA, and R types of values and tests the effectiveness of blood clotting, which can be assessed for platelet function, clotting strength, and fibrinolysis. Canine heartworm diseases caused by Dirofilaria immitis, a vascular nematode, can lead to hyperfibrinolysis and hypercoagulation. In this study, G and MA values showed a statistically significant decrease over time after treatment of heartworm disease. Additionally, the ${\alpha}-value$ showed a high correlation with G, K, MA, and R values. The G value showed a high correlation with K and MA values, while The K value showed a high correlation with MA and R values. This study clearly found a gradual decrease in G and MA values in dogs with heartworm disease over time, both before and after treatment. This suggests that the clot formation time is longer and that the intensity of clot formation is lowered and may improve the risk of thromboembolism in dogs with heartworm disease.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.317-323
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• 2020

The aims of this study were to describe the appearance and size of the normal canine prostate using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and to calculate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. MR images were obtained from seven intact male beagle dogs using a 1.5 T MR unit. The sequences included pre- and post-contrast T1- and T2-weighted imaging with and without fat saturation. The signal intensity of the prostate was compared with the adjacent musculature, fat, and urine in the urinary bladder. We recorded the mean prostatic length, width, and height and the length of the sixth lumbar vertebral body (L6). In addition, the prostatic length (rL), width (rW), and height (rH) ratios to L6 were calculated. Diffusion-weighted images of the prostate were obtained and ADC values were calculated. The prostate was bilobed and oval-shaped, homogenous on T1-weighted images, and heterogeneous with radiating lines on T2-weighted images. Post-contrast T1-weighted sequences showed contrast enhancement of the central and radiating striations. The prostatic capsule was clearly identified on post-contrast T1-weighted images with fat saturation. The ADC values were 1.72-2.04 × 10-3mm2/sec (mean, 1.88 × 10-3mm2/sec). Knowledge of the normal appearance of the prostate on MR images is essential to assess prostatic diseases in dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.75.1-75.8
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• 2023

Background: In veterinary medicine, previous studies regarding the diagnostic performance of shear wave elastography (SWE) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are not consistent with each other. Moreover, there has been no study evaluating the relationship between symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentration and renal shear wave velocity (SWV) using two-dimensional SWE (2D SWE) in dogs with CKD. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic capability of 2D SWE in dogs with CKD and to assess the relationship between renal SWV and SDMA concentration. Methods: Dogs with healthy kidneys and dogs with CKD underwent 2D SWE and SDMA assay. Renal stiffness was estimated as renal SWV in m/s. Results: SDMA concentration had a weak positive correlation with the left (r = 0.338, p = 0.022) and right renal SWV (r = 0.337, p = 0.044). Renal SWV was not significantly different between healthy kidney and CKD groups in the left (p = 0.085) and right (p = 0.171) kidneys. Conclusions: 2D SWE may could not distinguish between dogs with healthy kidney and dogs with early stage of CKD, but it would be useful for assessing the serial change of renal function in dogs.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2024

In this case study, we present a rare occurrence of simultaneous primary malignant neoplasms arising from the mammary gland and uterus in conjunction with pyometra and inguinal hernia. The subject, a 16-year-old intact mixed-breed dog, exhibited tubulopapillary carcinoma of the mammary gland with grade II malignancy and uterine leiomyosarcoma. Treatment involved partial mastectomy for the mammary carcinoma and ovariohysterectomy for the uterine leiomyosarcoma. Moreover, the inguinal hernia was concurrently repaired during the tumorectomies. The patient demonstrated positive postoperative progress over a span of two years, emphasizing the effectiveness of surgical intervention in managing the coinciding pathologies in an elderly canine. This unique co-occurrence of primary malignant neoplasms originating from distinct organ systems presents valuable insights into diagnostic approaches, disease characteristics, and surgical interventions in the realm of clinical oncology.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.431-438
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• 2002

배 경 :기체역학적 실험을 기반으로 새로 개발된 Natural 스텐트(N-Stent)의 유효성과 안전성을 기존의 Dumon 스텐트와 비교하고자, Nd-YAG Laser를 이용한 한국산 잡견 기관협착 동물모델에서 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 한국산 잡견 12마리를 Nd-YAG 레이저를 이용하여 기관협착을 유도한 후, 무작위로 선정한 6마리에게는 Dumon 스텐트를, 6마리에게는 Natural 스텐트를 삽입하였다. 실험동물은 매 1주마다 4주 동안 기관지내시경으로 스텐트 위치변동과 점액저류 정도를 반정량적으로 기록하였고, 삽입 4주후에 스텐트를 제거하였다. 스텐트 제거 1주 후, 기관협착 정도를 조사하였다. 결 과 : Natural 스텐트를 삽입한 동물에서 스텐트의 위치 변동의 정도($2.0{\pm}l.0$)는 Dumon 스텐트 삽입동물($3.0{\pm}0.8$)과 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 점액저류의 정도($1.5{\pm}0.6$)도 Dumon 스텐트 삽입동물($1.7{\pm}0.5$)과 차이를 보이지 않았다. 스텐트 제거 1주 후의 협착의 정도도 Dumon 스텐트 삽입통물($1.5{\pm}0.5$)에 비해 Natural 스텐트 삽입동물($1.0{\pm}0.4$)에서 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 협착의 정도는 두군에서 모두 2.0 이하로 관찰되어, 설정한 기도확장의 기준을 만족시켰다. 결 론 : 새로 개발한 Natural 스텐트가 잡견을 이용한 기관협착 동물모델에서, Dumon 스텐트와 비교하여 동일한 유효성과 안전성을 지난 것으로 입증되었다. 향후 인체에서의 유효성과 안전성을 입증하기 위해, 기도협착 환자를 대상으로 한 임상시험이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.154-159
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• 2007

The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate the prevalence of retinal diseases in dogs presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul National University from April 2004 to December 2005. Sixty-five dogs (120 eyes) with retinal diseases involving blindness were included in this study. Age, breed, and gender data for all breeds were collected from medical records documenting vision loss. Generalized progressive retinal atrophy (gPRA) was the most common manifestation. Other prevalent findings included sudden acquired retinal degeneration (SARD) and retinal detachment (RD). Bilateral gPRA was found in 32 dogs with a female-to-male ratio of 1 : 1. The mean $age{\pm}SD$ of all dogs in this group was $4.66{\pm}2.30$ years with a range of 3 to 12 years. Breeds with highest prevalence of gPRA were Miniature Schnauzer (24/32, $mean{\pm}SD$ age: $3.79{\pm}0.78$ yr) and Poodle (2/32, $6.50{\pm}0.71$ yr). Twelve dogs (24 eyes) were diagnosed with SARD bilateraly, ranging from 3 to 13 years of age ($mean{\pm}SD:\;6.91{\pm}2.61$ yr). There were no abnormalities in fundus of 11 dogs at presentation. Electroretinography (ERG) without anesthesia was performed in 7 dogs, and all response was totally extinguished. Retinal detachment was identified in 21 dogs (32 eyes): 11 bilateral and 10 unilateral (7 right eye, 3 left eye). The most common breed was Shih Tzu (15/21, $mean{\pm}SD$ age: $4.39{\pm}3.24$ yr). Four other breeds comprised the remaining 6 cases (8 eyes). The everall mean age of the group was: $4.18{\pm}2.89$ years (range 0.8 to 14 years) with a female-to-male ratio of 1 : 1.1 (10 females, and 11 males).