• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2007년도 추계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.715-718
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• 2007

국내외 대학의 교수학습센터의 웹서비스 현황에 대하여 조사하였다. 국외 명문대학의 교수학습센터 조직 구성은 국내대학들에 비해 월등하므로 오프라인 서비스는 차이가 클 수 있지만 국내 명문교수학습센터의 웹서비스는 국외 명문대학교의 그것에 비해 결코 뒤떨어지지 않는다. 교수학습센터의 웹서비스는 주로 소개, 공지, 자료, 서비스설명 및 신청, 이러닝, 기타로 구분할 수 있으며 국내 교수학습센터의 웹서비스는 국외 교수학습센터의 웹서비스에 비해 인터넷 상에서 서비스 신청이나 수정도 할 수 있는 보다 시스템 주도의 서비스를 구현하고 있다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.353-358
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• 2017

This study aims to propose an assessment tool of port service quality (PSQ) in the context of container transport logistics (CTLs), by taking the perspectives from port users. The CTLs defined in this study are the relevant activities of serving the physical flows of a container box from a point of origin via a container port to a point of destination. To address the ports' role in collaboration between its channel members in CTLs, the PSQ measures for all port user groups (i.e. common PSQ measures) are selected based on the relevant CTLs activities involved by port, and its users within terminal/port area as well as throughout the CTLs chain. An importance-performance analysis (IPA) is applied as a diagnostic tool to analyse the status quo of Busan Port in CTLs contexts, by comparing the importance and performance (IP ) scores against each individual CTLs criterion. The findings from the IPA reveal that port managers and policy makers at the Busan Port should concentrate on six PSQ measures (i.e. SR1, SR4, ITS1, VAS1, VAS4, ICI3) to enhance PSQ in CTLs. However, four measures (i.e. ITS2, ITS3, ITS4, VAS2) are identified as a possible overkill, indicating an area of inefficiency where a remedial action of the cost-cutting decision is necessary. On the other hand, the Busan port shows an outstanding performance on four measures such as SR2, SR3, ICI1 and ICI2. The measures are not only important but also high performance. The study findings provide managerial guidance to port managers in Busan Port, in view of searching for managerial and operational strategies for sustainable port growth.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.243-247
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• 2012

Recent studies suggest that immunization with autologous dendritic cells (DCs) results in protective immunity and rejection of established tumors in various human malignancies. The purpose of this study is to determine whether DCs are generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNs) by using cytokines such as F1t-3 ligand (FL), granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-4, and TNF-${\alpha}$, and whether cytotoxic T cells activated against the thyroid cancer tissues by the DCs. Peripheral blood was obtained from 2 patients with thyroid cancer. DCs were established from PBMNs by culturing in the presence of FL, GM-CSF, IL-4, and TNF-${\alpha}$ for 14 days. At day 14, the differentiated DCs was analyzed morphologically. The immunophenotypic features of DCs such as CDla, CD83, and CD86 were analyzed by immunofluorelescence microscopy. At day 18, DCs and T cells were incubated with thyroid cancer tissues or normal thyroid tissues for additional 4 days, respectively. DCs generated from the PBMNs showed the typical morphology of DCs. Activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were observed also. DCs and the CTLs were attached to the cancer tissues on scanning electron microscope. The DCs activated the CTLs, which able to specifically attack the thyroid cancer. This study provides morphologic evidence that the coculture of T cells/cancer tissues activated the T cells and differentiated CTLs. The CTLs tightly adhered to cancer tissues and lysed cancer tissues vigorously. Therefore DCs could be used as potential vaccines in the immunotherapy.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.206-211
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• 2010

Background: Dendritic cell (DC)-based tumor vaccine is an attractive modality for the treatment of colon cancer because it has been recurred and produced few side effects in patients. Secretory glycoprotein 90K has been found at elevated level in various cancer tissues and sera. We investigated to establish a more effective DC vaccine for the treatment of colon cancer in which the levels of 90K are elevated. Methods: We obtained the concentrated 90K from 293T cells stably expressing 90K. DCs were cultured from peripheral blood monocytes, and a DC vaccine pulsed with tumor lysate was compared with a DC vaccine pulsed with 90K. We measured the functional activity for CTLs by using IFN-${\gamma}$-enzyme linked immunoabsorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay. Results: DCs pulsed with tumor lysate+90K exhibited the enhanced T cell stimulation, polarization of $\ddot{i}$ T cell toward Th1. The CTLs generated by DCs pulsed with 90K efficiently lysed HCT116 cells. The results indicate that 90K-speicifc-CTLs can recognize 90K proteins naturally presented by colon cancer cells. Conclusion: Our study suggests that 90K-specific CTLs generated by 90K-pulsed DCs could be useful effector cells for immunotherapy in colon cancer.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.359-366
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• 2018

본 논문은 FBG센서를 항공기 날개 내부에 설치한 CTLS항공기를 이용하여 데이터를 받아 잡음제거를 수행하였다. 잡음제거를 위하여 이동불변의 특성을 지닌 정상 웨이블릿 변환 기법을 제시하였다. CTLS와 같이 복합재 내부에 FBG센서를 설치하게 될 경우 접착제 층 사이에 크고 작은 빈공간과 미 접착부분이 생기게 되고, 신호갈라짐 (split problem) 현상이 발생하게 된다. FBG센서 자체가 전자기적 잡음에 영향을 받지 않지만 광원이나 광 검출기, 신호처리장치의 경우 전원을 사용하는 전자부품이기 때문에 이러한 전자기파의 영향을 받아 오차가 발생하게 된다. 이렇게 발생한 오차를 실험결과를 통하여 정상 웨이블릿 변환을 이용하여 잡음을 제거하고 보다 정확한 데이터 검출을 할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권10호
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• pp.391-400
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• 2008

국내외 대학 교수학습센터의 웹서비스 현황에 대하여 조사하였다. 국외 유명대학의 교수학습센터 조직구성은 대체적으로 국내대학들에 비해 월등하므로 오프라인 서비스는 차이가 있을 수 있지만 국내 유명대학 교수학습센터의 웹서비스는 국외 유명대학교의 그것에 비해 결코 뒤떨어지지 않는다. 교수학습센터의 웹서비스는 주로 소개, 공지, 자료, 서비스설명 및 신청, 이러닝, 기타로 구분할 수 있으며 본 연구에서는 국내외 30개 대학 교수학습센터 홈페이지를 분석하여 웹서비스가 미진한 분야를 포착하고 이의 보완을 위하여 보다 시스템 주도적인 교수학습센터의 웹서비스를 구현하기 위한 기능들을 제안하였다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2019

이 연구는 국내 대학 소속 교수학습개발센터(CTL)의 운영과정을 신제도주의 동형화 이론을 바탕으로 고찰하는데 목적이 있다. 신제도주의자들은 조직의 구조와 행동이 조직의 자율적, 합리적 선택이라기보다는 사회에서 인정되는 가치와 규범을 반영하는 것으로 본다. 광범위한 선행연구와 관련 문헌연구 방법을 통해 그리고 동형화 이론적 틀을 바탕으로 CTL의 도입 및 확산, 제도화 과정을 분석한 결과, 국내 대학 CTL의 도입 및 확산 과정에서는 정부 주관의 강제적 동형화와 대학 간 상호 모방 효과가 상대적으로 크게 작동하였다. 또한 전문협의체인 대학교육개발센터협의회는 규범적 동형화의 직접적인 주체로서 핵심적인 역할을 수행하였다. 즉, 국내 대학 CTL은 환경에 대한 외적 정당성 확보를 위한 과정으로 볼 수 있고, 특히 대학은 정부의 평가 기준에 순응 및 동조하면서 조직 형태를 동형화시켰음을 확인할 수 있었다. 급변하는 대학교육 환경의 변화에 대응하여 CTL이 주도적으로 대학교육 발전의 엔진이 될 수 있도록 고유한 가치와 전략을 개발하고 이를 대학 실정에 맞게 발전시키는 노력이 필요하다.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제33권5_6호
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• pp.559-578
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• 2015

Human Immune Deficiency Virus (or simply HIV) induces a persistent infection that leads to AIDS causing death in almost every infected individual. As HIV affects the immune system directly by attacking the CD4+ T cells, to exterminate the infection, the natural immune system produces virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs) that kills the infected CD4+ T cells. The reduced CD4+ T cell count produce reduced amount of cytokines to stimulate the production of CTLs to fight the invaders that weakens the body immunity succeeding to AIDS. In this paper, we introduce a mathematical model with discrete time-delay to represent this cell dynamics between CD4+ T cells and the CTLs under HIV infection. A modified functional form has been considered to describe the infection mechanism. Characteristics of the system are studied through mathematical analysis. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the analytical findings.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.571-578
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• 2015

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. In this study, we investigated immune responses of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against TRAMP-C2 prostate cancer cells after activation by dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with TRAMP-C2 freeze-thaw antigen and/or PEP-3 peptide in vitro. Bone marrow-derived DC from the bone marrow of the C57BL/6 were induced to mature by using the cytokine of rhGM-CSF and rhIL-4, and loaded with either the freeze-thaw antigen or PEP-3 peptide or both of them. Maturation of DCs was detected by flow cytometry. The killing efficiency of the CTLs on TRAMP-C2 cells were detected by flow cytometry, CCK8, colony formation, transwell migration, and wound-healing assay. The levels of the IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\beta}$ and IL-12 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with the unloaded DCs, the loaded DCs had significantly increased expression of several phenotypes related to DC maturation. CTLs activated by DCs loaded with freeze-thaw antigen and PEP-3 peptide had more evident cytotoxicity against TRAMP-C2 cells in vitro. The secretion levels of IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\beta}$ and IL-12, secreted by DCs loaded with antigen and PEP-3 and interaction with T cells, were higher than in the other groups. Our results suggest that the CTLs activated by DCs loaded with TRAMP-C2 freeze-thaw antigen and PEP-3 peptide exert a remarkable killing efficiency against TRAMP-C2 cells in vitro.

• BMB Reports
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• 제45권7호
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• pp.408-413
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• 2012

Almost all melanoma cells express at least one member of the MAGE-A antigen family, making the cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) epitopes with cross-immunizing potential in this family attractive candidates for the broad spectrum of anti-melanoma immunotherapy. In this study, four highly homologous peptides (P264: FLWGPRALA, P264I9: FLWGPRALI, P264V9: FLWGPRALV, and P264H8: FLWGPRAHA) from the MAGE-A antigens were selected by homologous alignment. All four peptides showed high binding affinity and stability to HLA-A$^*02:01$ molecules, and could prime CTL immune responses in human PBMCs and in HLA-A$^*02:01/K^b$ transgenic mice. CTLs elicited by the four epitope peptides could cross-lyse tumor cells expressing the mutual target antigens, except MAGE-A11 which was not tested. However, CTLs induced by P264V9 and P264I9 showed the strongest target cell lysis capabilities, suggesting both peptides may represent the common CTL epitopes shared by the eight MAGE-A antigens, which could induce more potent and broad-spectrum antitumor responses in immunotherapy.