• 천문학회지
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.23-36
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• 2022

We present a method to determine nitrogen abundance ratios with respect to iron ([N/Fe]) from molecular CN-band features observed in low-resolution (R ~ 2000) stellar spectra obtained by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST). Various tests are carried out to check the systematic and random errors of our technique, and the impact of signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios of stellar spectra on the determined [N/Fe]. We find that the uncertainty of our derived [N/Fe] is less than 0.3 dex for S/N ratios larger than 10 in the ranges T_eff = [4000, 6000] K, log g = [0.0, 3.5], [Fe/H] = [-3.0, 0.0], [C/Fe] = [-1.0, +4.5], and [N/Fe] = [-1.0, +4.5], the parameter space that we are interested in to identify N-enhanced stars in the Galactic halo. A star-by-star comparison with a sample of stars with [N/Fe] estimates available from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) also suggests a similar level of uncertainty in our measured [N/Fe], after removing its systematic error. Based on these results, we conclude that our method is able to reproduce [N/Fe] from low-resolution spectroscopic data, with an uncertainty sufficiently small to discover N-rich stars that presumably originated from disrupted Galactic globular clusters.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2006

A rapid, selective and sensitive reversed-phase HPLC method for the determination of promethazine in human serum was developed, validated, and applied to the pharmacokinetic study of promethazine. Promethazine and internal standard, chlorpromazine, were extracted from human serum by liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane containing 0.8% isopropanol and analyzed on a Capcell Pak CN column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.2 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate (42:58, v/v, adjusted to pH 6.0 with 1 M NaOH). Detection wavelength of 251 nm and flow rate of 0.9 mL/min were fixed for the study. The assay robustness for the changes of mobile phase pH, organic solvent content, and flow rate was confirmed by $3^{3}$ factorial design using a fixed promethazine concentration (10 ng/mL) with respect to its peak area and retention time. In addition, the ruggedness of this method was investigated at three different laboratories using same quality control (QC) samples. This method showed linear response over the concentration range of 1-40 ng/mL with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The lower limit of quantification using 1 mL of serum was 1 ng/mL, which was sensitive enough for pharmacokinetic studies. The overall accuracy of the quality control samples ranged from 96.15 to 105.40% for promethazine with overall precision (% C.V.) being 6.70-11.22%. The relative mean recovery of promethazine for human serum was 63.54%. Stability (freeze-thaw and short-term) studies showed that promethazine was stable during storage, or during the assay procedure in human serum. However, the storage at $-80^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks showed that promethazine was not stable. Extracted serum sample and stock solution were not allowed to stand at ambient temperature for 12 hr prior to injection. The peak area and retention time of promethazine were not significantly affected by the changes of mobile phase pH, organic solvent content, and flow rate under the conditions studied. This method showed good ruggedness (within 15% C.V.) and was successfully used for the analysis of promethazine in human serum samples for the pharmacokinetic studies of orally administered Himazin tablet (25 mg as promethazine hydrochloride) at three different laboratories, demonstrating the suitability of the method.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권2호통권82호
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• pp.266-271
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• 2007

BPA는 플라스틱 가소제 및 폴리카보네이트 플라스틱 생산의 모노머로 광범위하게 사용되어 왔으며, 년간 세계적으로 640,000톤 이상이 생산되고 있다. 내분비장애활성을 가진 BPA는 수계 및 공업용수에서 흔히 발견되며, 이의 분석은 HPLC 및 GC 등 기기분석에 의존하고 있다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 환경 및 생활용품에 잔류하는 BPA를 신속, 정확하고, 경제적으로 분석할 수 있는 분광학적 정량방법을 개발하고자 하였으며, 이를 위해 $FeCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$와 $K_3Fe(CN)_6$를 사용한 비색정량법을 확립하였다. 발색반응으로 생성된 청색화합물의 ${\lambda}max$ 및 반응특이성을 조사하였으며, 최적반응조건(시간, 온도, pH, 농도, 부피, 반응안전성)을 검토하였다. 확립된 발색반응조건에서 BPA에 대한 검량곡선(${\lambda}_{750}$=0.61 BPA $[{\mu}M]$+0.07155, $R^{2}$=0.992)을 얻었으며, 신규 확립된 비색정량법을 이용하여 토양, 수계 및 생활용품의 BPA 분석을 시도한 결과, HPLC 분석시스템과 유사한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 본 BPA 및 관련물질에 대한 비색정량법은, 기기분석에 비해 빠르고, 경제적이며, 대량의 시료를 일시에 취급할 수 있어 기기분석의 보완분석으로도 우수하며, BPA 분해산물은 발색반응을 나타내지 않아, 자연계로부터 BPA 분해균주 선별 등에 매우 유용하게 이용될 수 있다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2012

In this paper, fatigue tests are conducted for the specimens with longitudinal and transverse attachment under variable amplitude axial loading based on storm model. Considered loadings include repeated single storm, 6 or 8 storms randomly, and storms including calm sea condition while the mean stress and the maximum stress of loadings are changed. The effect of three variables are investigated; root mean square(RMS) value of stress amplitude, mean stress shift and maximum stress, which can characterize storm loading on fatigue life. In addition, experiments including calm sea loading are also carried out to investigate the effect of calm sea state. Test results are evaluated and compared with DNV-CN2005 and Matsuoka's method for the estimation of crack initiation and propagation life. To verify the validity of the criteria, the measured crack initiation lifes are compared with the specific crack length 15mm, which are calculated with beach marks.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.257-274
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• 2000

최근 급속한 인구증가와 산업화로 자연환경이 위협받고 있으며 특히 수자원 부존량과 오염이 큰문제로 대두되고 있다. 수자원의 효율적인 관리를 위해서는 유역에 대한 정확한 지형인자 및 수문관련 인자들을 추출해야 한다. 하지만, 아직까지 수문학 분야에서 이와 관련된 자료들이 수작업이나 간단한 연산에 의해 처리되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 GIS와 RS를 활용하여 섬진강 유역에 대한 지형인자 및 수문관련 인자를 추출할 수 있는 알고리즘을 제시함으로서 자료처리 시간의 절감 및 수문 자료에 대한 신뢰성을 높일 수 있었다. 유역별 지형특성 및 수문관련 인자 추출 과정은, 먼저 DEM 자료로부터 유역 및 하천을 추출하였고, 토지피복도와 토양도를 중첩하여 유출곡선 번호(CN)을 추출하였다. 또한 유역과 하천에 격자연산을 수행하여 유역길이 및 유역길이경사와 같은 지형인자를 추출하였다. 그리고 추출한 지형인자를 추출하였다. 그리고 추출한 지형인자와 평균 곡선번호와의 연산과정을 통해 Muskingum K와 수유역 지체시간과 같은 수문관련 인자를 추출할 수 있는 기법을 제시하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1783-1790
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• 2013

A simultaneous analytical method has been developed for the fluorimetric determination of haloacetonitriles (HANs) [dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN), dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN), haloacetamides [dichloroacetamide (DCAD), and trichloroacetamde (TCAD)] in drinking water by using the combined on-line perconcentration/reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC)-postcolumn detection system. This on-line perconcentration system was achieved by employing a precolumn packed with a commercial solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbent for the enrichment and purification of the target analytes. The haloacetonitriles and haloacetamides were separated on CN analytical column in a 7.5% methanol-0.02 M phosphate buffered mobile phase at pH 3. The column effluents were reacted with postcolumn reagents of ophthaldialdehyde (OPA) and sulfite ion at pH 11.5, to produce a highly fluorescent isoindole fluorophore, which were measured with a fluorescence detector. Under the optimized conditions for RPLC and the postcolumn derivatization system all of the coefficient of determination of the standard calibration curves for the target analytes were over 0.99 and had a linear range from 5 to 100 ${\mu}g/L$. The detection limits showed 1.6 ${\mu}g/L$ for DCAD, 0.1 ${\mu}g/L$ for TCAD, 0.6 ${\mu}g/L$ for DCAN, 1.6 ${\mu}g/L$ for TCAN and 1 ${\mu}g/L$ for DBAN, and the recoveries were ranged from 64 to 99% except for DCAD with precisions less than 4.9% in distilled water, and from 72(${\pm}4%$) to 116%(${\pm}2%$) in tap water.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.226-226
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• 2016

PHOLED devices which have the structure of ITO/HAT-CN(5nm)/NPB(50nm)/EML(30nm)/TPBi(10nm)/Alq3(20nm)/LiF(0.8nm)/Al(100nm) are fabricated to investigate the green emission profile in EML by using a gasket doping method. CBP and Ir(ppy)3 (2% wt) are co-deposited homogeneously as a background material of EML for green PHOLED, then a 5nm thickness of additionally doped layer by Ir(btp)2 (8% wt) is formed as a profiler of the green emission. The total thickness of the EML is maintained at 30nm while the distance of the profiler from the HTL/EML interface side (x) is changed in 5nm steps from 0nm to 25nm. As shown in Fig. 1, the green (513nm) peak from Ir(ppy)3 is not observed when Ir(btp)2 is also doped homogeneously because Ir(ppy)3 works as an gasket dopant of the Ir(btp)2 :CBP system. Therefore, in this experment, Ir(btp)2 can be used as a profiler of the green emission in CBP:Ir(ppy)3 system. The emission spectra from the PHOLED devices with different x are shown in Fig. 2. In this gasket doping system, stronger red peak means more energy transfer from green to red dopant or higher exciton density by green dopant. To find the green emission profile, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) at 3mA/cm2 for red peaks are calculated. More green light emission at near EML/HBL interface than that of HTL/EML is observed (insert of Fig. 2). This means that the higher exciton density at near EML/HBL interface in homogeneously doped CBP with Ir(ppy)3. As shown in Fig. 3, excitons can be quenched easily to HTL(NPB) because the T1 level of HTL(2.5eV) is relatively lower than that of EML(2.6eV). On the other hand, the T1 level of HBL(2.7eV) is higher than that of EML.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.225-225
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• 2016

PHOLED devices which have the structure of ITO/HAT-CN(5nm)/NPB(50nm)/EML(47nm)/TPBi(10nm)/Alq3(20nm)/LiF(0.8nm)/Al(100nm) are fabricated to investigate the diffusion length of the triplet exciton by using double-quantum-well(DQE) EML structure. To fabricate DQW structures, Ir(ppy)3(2% wt) and Ir(btp)2(8% wt) are used as green and red emission zones, respectively. In DQW structured EML, as shown in Fig. 1, 1nm thick layers of green and red emission zones are located middle of the EML, and the distance between these wells(x) is changed from 0nm to 10nm. As shown in Fig. 2, the emission spectra from DQW PHOLED devices are changed with different x. The intensity of the green emission(520nm) is decreased when x is decreased, and it goes to near zero when x=0nm. This behavior can be identified as the diffusion of the triplet excitons from Ir(ppy)3 to Ir(btp)2 by the Dexter energy transfer(DET). From the external quantum efficiency(EQE) of the red emission, as shown in Fig. 3, the diffusion length of the triplet excitons can be determined by the equation of DET rate, R=A Exp(-2RDA/L), where RDA is donor-acceptor distance and L is the sum of the van der Wals radii. As a result, the measured data of the red EQEs with different x are identified to theoretical result from the equation of DET rate(Fig. 4). From this results, we could confirm that the diffusion length of the triplet excitons can be determined by using DQW structure and this method is very useful to investigate the behavior of the excitons in PHOLEDs.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 먼저 최근 급격히 증가하는 모바일 데이터 트래픽을 오프로드(Offload)시키는 Local IP Access(LIPA) 기술을 펨토셀 네트워크와 함께 소개한다. 이후, 전형적인 이동통신 시스템, 펨토셀 기반 시스템, 그리고 펨토셀과 LIPA를 함께 이용하는 시스템에서 댁내 모바일 데이터 트래픽을 전송할 때, 트래픽 전송시간과 이동통신 사업자망으로 전송되는 모바일 데이터 트래픽 확률에 대한 성능을 분석한다. 분석결과를 통해 차세대 이동통신 시스템에서 펨토셀과 LIPA를 함께 이용하면 이동통신 사업자망으로 전송되는 모바일 데이터 트래픽 부하를 감소시킬 뿐만 아니라 댁내 모바일 트래픽의 전송시간을 크게 줄이는 효과도 얻을 수 있음을 보인다. 즉, 전형적인 이동통신 시스템과 펨토셀 기반 시스템은 펨토셀과 LIPA를 함께 이용하는 시스템보다 인터넷 지연시간이 10ms에서 약 3배와 4배 정도 길었고, 인터넷 지연시간이 100ms에서 약 14배와 26배 정도 긴 결과를 보였다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 1999

Phenyl N,N-diethyl-P-benzylphonamidate 및 그 유도체들의 염기성 가수분해 반응속도 상수를 분광 광도법으로 측정하였다. 속도 상수로부터 열역학적 파라메타(Ea, ${\Delta}H^{\neq}$,${\Delta}S^{\neq}$)를 구하였고, 이탈기의 치환기 효과는 Hammett 식을 이용하여 얻었다. 이들 실험 자료에 의하면 가수분해 반응은 활성화 엔트로피가 양의 값이나 작은 음의 값을 갖고 카르보음이온 생성이 수반되는 해리반응 보다는 이중피라미드 중간체 또는 전이 상태를 경유하는 회합 메카니즘을 강력히 암시하고 있다. 반응속도론적 연구 결과에 의하면 치환 pheny N,N-diethyl-P-benzylphosphonamidates의 가수분해 반응은 회합성 메카니즘으로 진행됨을 알 수 있었다.