• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2006

We study the conditions under which a given intuitionistic fuzzy subgroup of a given group can or can not be realized as a union of two proper intuitionistic fuzzy subgroups. Moreover, we provide a simple necessary and sufficient condition for the union of an arbitrary family of intuitionistic fuzzy subgroups to be an intuitionistic fuzzy subgroup. Also we formulate the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy subgroup generated by a given intuitionistic fuzzy set by level subgroups. Furthermore we give characterizations of intuitionistic fuzzy conjugate subgroups and intuitionistic fuzzy characteristic subgroups by their level subgroups. Also we investigate the level subgroups of the homomorphic image of a given intuitionistic fuzzy subgroup.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.204-211
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• 2017

In dentistry, elevator instruments are used to luxate teeth, and this technique imparts forces to tooth particles that sever the periodontal ligament around tooth roots inside the socket and expand alveolar bone around tooth particles. These effects can result in extraction of the tooth particles or facilitate systematic forceps extraction of the tooth particles. This article presents basic oral surgery techniques for applying elevators to luxate teeth. Determination of the optimal luxation technique requires understanding of the functions of the straight elevator and the Cryer elevator, the concept of purchase points, how the design elements of elevator working ends and tips influence the functionality of an elevator, application of forces to tooth particles, sectioning teeth at furcations, and bone removal to facilitate luxation. The effectiveness of tooth particle luxation is influenced by elevator tip shape and size, the magnitude and the vectors of forces applied to the tooth particle by the tip, and sectioning and bone removal within the operating field. Controlled extraction procedures are facilitated by a dental operating microscope or the magnification of binocular surgical loupes telescopes, combined with co-axial illumination.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07c
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• pp.1740-1743
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• 2002

This paper presents the basic concept of a Solid Freeform Fabrication System using a rapid prototyping procedure. The system can fabricate a ceramic model by laser cutting, accumulating, laminating and sintering of each slice. The system is mainly equipped with a laser apparatus, an x-y table, a material transfer system, and an electric oven. The system could fabricate a small object with smooth surface within comparatively short period of time. The system has also shown its effectiveness in terms of the direct application of the object without the secondary mechanical process. The fabricated sample could directly be applied and used to fairly wide practical areas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.311-318
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• 2002

A GIS-based tunnelling risk management system (GIS-TURIMS) has been developed in this study, The developed system uses ArcView 8.2 as a basic platform and the built-in interface (VBA) has been used to perform first-order simplified analyses for prediction of tunnelling-induced ground movements and building damage assessment. The main emphasis in this study was to develop a working framework that can be used in the perspective of tunnelling risk management. The developed system is capable of carrying out computationally intensive analyses for ground movement prediction as well as building/utilities damage assessment with fully taking advantage of the GIS technologies. This paper describes the concept and details of the GIS-TURIMS development and implementation

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.1204-1211
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• 2008

Compression index is one of the important characteristic numbers in soft soil engineering. Since 1940's, many researchers have suggested various practical solutions to define the compression index of clay using other soil properties. But, these results are only can give us an outline of soft soil behavior. In this study, the relationships between pore water pressure dissipation test results and compression index were suggested using comparison results of both tests. This relationships are based on basic concept of consolidation phenomena, essential difference between pore water pressure dissipation test and consolidation test, and disagreements between theoretical time factor and real time factor. To identify proportional factor of proposed equation, Geotechnical investigation results of Kwang-Yang(KY) site and Busan New Port(BN) site were used. The proportional factor was 0.0031 from 20 to 50% of consolidation rate where correlation parameter($R^2$) is 0.9051.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.29-38
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data for architectural planning through survey about the ward of women's hospital. This study considered the concept of women's hospital through theoretical consideration and analysed a blueprint of 30 cases about typical plan type, the size and layout of patient-room, space allocation and circulation. And then a survey of patients has to identify their needs. Because the rate of composition of an upper grade patient-room in women's hospital is higher than that of general hospital to improve habitability in ward needs not only the importance of the planing of patient-room itself, but also providing a small courtyard, day-room between the patient-rooms or outdoor terrace. When patient moves it was provided visual comfort and strengthen social exchange. Also, physical environment has to reflect mother's psychological needs and diversity by individuality in unit is essential to planning.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2010.05b
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• pp.99-102
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• 2010

Today's construction is higher and more complex. So types and amounts of needed materials for construction project are increasing and those are occurred problems in construction site such as insufficient working space, confusion of materials handling order and working circulation. Because of those problems, research of progress management system using RFID+4D has been studied, but it is impossible to manage progress and material statement in real-time. So this study analyzed problems of current research and suggested VRML based RFID+4D Progress Management System. This Study focused on system basic concept and interface is designed for system development. This research is still progressing, so it has to do more development and research. However, it could be expected construction management efficiency and automation of management tasks.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.157-167
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• 2018

The concept of gene therapy is to treat a disease by transferring therapeutic nucleic acids to a patient's cells. It took several decades from the basic theoretical proposal of gene therapy to the current promising treatment option for some important human diseases. The encountered adverse effects in the early clinical studies boosted the development of sophisticated vectors and elaborate clinical designs. The gene therapy is now considered to have the potential to cure many diseases that are incurable with conventional medications. By the end of 2017, about 2,600 clinical trials of gene therapy have been performed or are ongoing for a variety of diseases such as cancers, monogenic diseases, cardiovascular diseases and neurological diseases etc. Here, we present a brief introduction of technical achievement in relation to gene therapy development, and a review of the current status of global gene therapy clinical development.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2018

A traditional clerkship consists of a series of short rotations in specialty disciplines and is usually based in tertiary, urban teaching hospitals. Shortened inpatient stays and the shift toward ambulatory management have had a negative impact on student learning. There have been growing concerns that the traditional specialty-based clerkship in fragmented and highly specialized clinical environments may not be the optimal choice for basic clinical education. As a result, a new model of clinical clerkship called longitudinal integrated clerkships (LICs) has emerged. There is increased interest in LICs due to the growing evidence of positive outcomes for students, patients, and supervising clinicians. Emphasizing continuity as one of the main organizing principles of an LIC, this article reviews the introduction of LICs into medical education, the key concepts and educational theories which underpin LICs, and the typology of LICs. The author also offers some personal suggestions for contemplation before clerkship programs in Korea adopt LICs.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06b
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• pp.289-294
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• 2001

The two prototypes of a Wheel Type Locomotive Mechanism Using Micro motor for a Capsule-Type Endoscope are outlined and realized. Basic concept of these mechanisms is to use a rod-shaped wheel, with which these mechanisms can go over the haustral folds inside colon. The actuator of Prototype I is geared dc motor and the actuator for steering is Shape Memory Alloy. Prototype I goes through the whole area of colonoscopy training model. Prototype II can not only go forward and backward, but also be steerable with 2 geared dc motors. Prototype II goes through dead pig colon.