• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2001

This paper investigated external factors (height. crown width. diameter breath height, clear length) of tree and electric resistance ($k{\Omega}$) in damaged forest by Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye. The height. crown width and diameter breath height of tree external factors have high a coefficient of correlation. but clear length has not a coefficient of correlation. In relationship of electric resistance and external factor. big tree that height. crown width. diameter breath height has lower electric resistance value than that of small tree. (low electric resistance value is high tree vigor, high electric resistance value is low tree vigor)) Dead tree have smaller diameter breath height. crown width. higher clear length than survival tree in damaged forest by Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye. To investigation of relationship external factors according to electric resistance value. electric resistance value was divided three class (< $l4k{\Omega}$, possible of survival. $14{\sim}20k{\Omega}$, > $20k{\Omega}$, possible of dead). In lower class(< $l4k{\Omega}$), external factors have bigger which was height. crown width. diameter breath height and lower which was clear length than them of higher class ($14{\sim}20k{\Omega}$, > $20k{\Omega}$). Linear regression solutions of electric resistance and external factors were Y = -0.572 ${\times}$ Height - 1.163 ${\times}$ crown width - 0.242 ${\times}$ diameter breath height + 0.757 ${\times}$ clear length + 25.765. Regression solutions were significant in 5%.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.718-734
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• 2013

The purpose of the study is to investigate high school students' perception and understanding of old metaphorical science terminologies and new metaphorical science terminologies (highly metaphorical science terminologies). For the study, three old metaphorical terminologies and three new metaphorical terminologies have been chosen from the old and new Korean science curricula respectively, and 176 high school students who learned physics based on 7th science curriculum developed in 1997 and 175 highschool students who learned physics based on the science curriculum revised in 2009 were sampled from two high schools in a big city in Korea. The research results are as follows: First, for the old metaphorical terminologies, there are more students who give explanations using scientific terms than those who use the meaning of the metaphors that terminologies had. Second, for the new metaphorical terminologies, there are much less students who give explanations using scientific terms than those who explained using the meaning of the metaphors that the terminologies had. Therefore, it should be emphasized that, for the new metaphorical terminologies, the metaphorical meaning of the terminologies do not mean the concepts themselves in teaching science.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.108-116
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• 2002

This paper presents the measurements and evaluation of voltage waveforms due to human electrostatic discharge(ESD). The principle of operation and design rule of a new device for measuring the ESD fast transient voltages with very fast rise time were described. Peak values and rise time of ESD voltages derived from a charged human body under a variety of experimental conditions were examined. The frequency bandwidth of the proposed voltage measuring system ranges from DC to 400[㎒]. The ESD voltage waveform is nearly equal to the ESD current waveform and the peak amplitude of ESD current waveform is roughly proportional to the ESD voltage in each experimental conditions. A rapid approach results in a discharge voltage with a faster initial rise time than for a slow approach. The voltages caused by direct finger ESDs have an initial slope with a relatively long, 10∼30[ns] rise time, but the amplitude is small. On the other hand, the voltages caused by direct hand/metal ESDs have a steep initial s1ope with 1 ∼3[ns] rise time, but an initial spike is very big. As a consequence, it was found that the ESD voltage and current waveforms strongly depend on the approach speed and material of intruder. These measurement results would be useful to design the ESD protective devices.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.84-100
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• 2013

Ancient Greece was a patriarchal society that distinguished gender roles between men and women. Although their costumes were composed of simple rectangular fabric without any technical complications in itself, the Greeks did try to express gender differences in their clothing. The final look of the Greek costume was dependent on the way the cloth draped onto its wearer as well as the wearer's identity. Greeks costume could just be seen as a rectangular fabric when it was not draped on a person's body. The purpose of this study is to examine how the gender differences were expressed in the ancient Greek drapery costume, which was made by using a completely different technical process, compared with the modern tailored costume. There are four elements of the costume that give the costume its formative shape, which are the wearer's body, the rectangular fabric (material as the first formative costume), the way the fabric is draped, and the final appearance as the second formative costume (the relationship between the wearer's body and the costume) and this study analyzes these elements individually. It is intended to analyze the gender characteristics and how each element appears in a different way from the perspective of Structuralism, an analytical method that considers a phenomenon as a total sum of the elements. Literature research was conducted and representative sculpture, painting and pottery, were used between the Archaic Period (B.C. 800~500) and the Classical Period (B.C. 500~323). The results show that the gender differences appear in each formative element of costume: First, the body was distinguished by the ancient Greek custom. The man's nudity was accepted while the woman's body was concealed. Second, in regards to the first formative costume, which was the rectangular fabric, men's were made with thick high quality wool because their involvement in outdoor activities meant that they needed clothes to stay warm, while the women wore clothes made of thin wool or hemp cloth, because their most of their activities were at home. Third, the way to drape the fabric shows the gender differences by changing the length of the clothing and its design ; men's short khiton was practical for big movement and at the same time the clothing exposed the man's body. The woman's doric khiton diversified its decoration by the size of the apotigma and by using the belt. Finally the second formative costume reflected the Greeks' social distinction between a man's body and a woman's body. The man's costume naturally exposed the man's body. On the other hand, the woman's long costume has a variety of shapes on the ground, that concealed her lower body, while the ornamental function was more accentuated than the man's costume. The gender differences expressed in Greek costume fundamentally reflected the point of view of the male and female body and their social roles in society.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.71-101
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• 2017

Since late 2016, protectionism has been a major trend in world trade with the Great Britain exiting the European Union and the United States electing Donald Trump as the 45th president. Consequently, there has been a huge public outcry regarding the negative prospects of heavy industry firms in Korea, which are highly dependent upon international trade with Western countries including the United States. In light of such trend and concerns, we have tried to predict business performance of heavy industry firms in Korea with data regarding trade policy of the United States. United States International Trade Commission (USITC) levies countervailing duties and anti-dumping duties to firms that violate its fair-trade regulations. In this study, we have performed data analysis with past records of countervailing duties and anti-dumping duties. With results from clustering analysis, it could be concluded that trade policy trends of the Unites States significantly affects the business performance of heavy industry firms in Korea. Furthermore, we have attempted to quantify such effects by employing long short-term memory (LSTM), a popular neural networks model that is well-suited to deal with sequential data. Our major contribution is that we have succeeded in empirically validating the intuitive argument and also predicting the future trend with rigorous data mining techniques. With some improvements, our results are expected to be highly relevant to designing regulations regarding heavy industry in Korea.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.373-381
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• 2002

There has been an interesting trend showing that the number of tankers owned by major oil company has been decreasing since the 1980s, while the number of tankers chartered by them is increasing. So do Korea oil refineries in the period 1990s. Therefore, the following question is raised： Why have oil refinery companies, national and international, been much more dependent upon chartered ships than their owned ships since 1980s\ulcorner This paper tried to answer the above question. In so, doing ten decision-making factors for fleet composition of oil tankers are drawn through literature survey on the research topic with questionnaires and interviews to the four big Korean oil refineries.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.323-328
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• 2016

There are small box opening for inserting of electric lamp box in the slab of apartment. Around this box opening, we normally use the detailing of WWF or plastic ring strengthening to protect cracks induced by shrinkage. The shrinkage amount of slab box around was measured and analysed in order to consider validity of these strengthening methods and to find out economical alternative. Alternative of strengthening methods are normally used strengthening methods in construction companies, which are WWF strengthening, plastic ring strengthening and no strengthening methods. The shrinkage amount was measured using contact guage at the spot of tip attached around the box on slab of small area unit apartment which have small exclusive area below $59m^2$. Measured data shows that there are no big differences between all the 3 strengthening methods and Measure data range is $-264{\mu}{\varepsilon}{\sim}+216{\mu}{\varepsilon}$. Measured shrinkage is on trend slightly increase till 3~5weeks after removal of forms and then decrease. But amount of shrinkage are very low for all the slabs and there are no probabilities of concrete crack by shrinkage.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.73-97
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• 2016

Social changes due to ICT like Big Data, IoT, Cloud and Mobile is progressing rapidly. Now, we get out of the old-fashioned frame was measured at the level of the information society through the introduction of PC, Internet speed and Internet subscribers etc and there is a need for a new type of diagnostic information society framework. This study is the study for the framework established to diagnose and measure post-information society. The framework and indicators were chosen in accordance with the technological society coevolution theory and information society-related indicators presented from authoritative international organizations. Empirical results utilizing the indicators and framework developed in this study were as follows: First, the three sectors, six clusters (items), 25 nodes (indicators) that make up the information society showed that all strongly connected. Second, it was diagnosed as information society development (50.34%), technology-based expansion (25.03%) and ICT effect (24.63%) through a network analysis (ANP) for the measurement of importance of the information society. Third, the result of calculating the relative importance of the cluster and nodes showed us (1)social development potential (26.04%), (2)competitiveness (15.9%), (3)ICT literacy (15.5%) (4) (social)capital (24.3 %), (5)ICT acceptance(9.54%), (6)quality of life(8.7%). Consequently, We should take into account the effect of the economy and quality of life beyond ICT infrastructure-centric when we measure the post-information society. By applying the weighting we should performs a comparison between countries and we should diagnose the level of Korea and provide policy implications for the preparation of post-information society.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.13D no.4 s.107
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• pp.557-564
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• 2006

Information is used effectively and contributes in profit creation and not only support management judgment quick but important resource to be possible recycled. The recent information systems improve enterprise's competitive power by reflection of user's various requirements and becoming big and complex for adaptation of rapidly circumstance change. Also it is trend that importance of information quality is emphasized gradually. The biggest problem in user requirement that is based on low quality data support. In case of business management is achieved by low quality information, company can not help dropping their competitive power such as company's strategy establishment, strategy achievement and management concentration breakup against competitor. Information of low quality increase time and expense to improve inaccurate data or revise and it is hard to accept correct information from specific situation. To solve these problems, we have to gain high quality data through definite comprehension, data management system establishment, and systematic data management achievement etc. Up to now, information quality and connected study were developed partially, but systematic methodology of information quality management's whole condition was not existed. Therefore, in this paper can show you how to extract process for information quality management & related evaluate factor with CMM (Capacity Maturity Mode]) 5 steps that is information warranty of quality process step. This paper whishes to contributes in competitive company or organization activity through information quality improvement management process.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.13D no.4 s.107
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• pp.463-476
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• 2006

R-trees have been traditionally optimized for the I/O performance with the disk page as the tree node. Recently, researchers have proposed cache-conscious variations of R-trees optimized for the CPU cache performance in main memory environments, where the node size is several cache lines wide and more entries are packed in a node by compressing MBR keys. However, because there is a big difference between the node sizes of two types of R-trees, disk-optimized R-trees show poor cache performance while cache-optimized R-trees exhibit poor disk performance. In this paper, we propose a cache and disk optimized R-tree, called the PR-tree (Prefetching R-tree). For the cache performance, the node size of the PR-tree is wider than a cache line, and the prefetch instruction is used to reduce the number of cache misses. For the I/O performance, the nodes of the PR-tree are fitted into one disk page. We represent the detailed analysis of cache misses for range queries, and enumerate all the reasonable in-page leaf and nonleaf node sizes, and heights of in-page trees to figure out tree parameters for best cache and I/O performance. The PR-tree that we propose achieves better cache performance than the disk-optimized R-tree: a factor of 3.5-15.1 improvement for one-by-one insertions, 6.5-15.1 improvement for deletions, 1.3-1.9 improvement for range queries, and 2.7-9.7 improvement for k-nearest neighbor queries. All experimental results do not show notable declines of the I/O performance.