• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 1995

Regeneration and growth of bulblets from bulblet-derived bulb-scale segment of Lilium longiflorum (cv Georgia) were investigated. Bulblets were initiated on bulb scales taken from bulblets on MS medium containing 0.05 mg/L 2,4D with 3% sucrose or 0.02 mg/L 2,4D with 9% sucrose. Benzyladenine promoted the differentiation of bulblets but inhibited the growth of differentiating bulblets. The growth of bulblet was promoted by supplying 1/2 strength 1/2 NH$_4$NO$_3$ concentration in MS medium containing 12% sucrose.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.255-260
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• 2016

This research was conducted to improve the cold tolerance of the gerbera cv. Gold Eye by introduction of the Arabidopsis $Ca^{2+}/H^+$ antiporter gene (CAX1) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Prior to genetic transformation, we optimized a combination of plant growth regulators; $1.0mgl^{-1}$ 6-Benzyladenine (BA) and $0.1mgl^{-1}$3-indole-acetic acid (IAA) were found to lead to proper in vitro shoot regeneration from petiole explants. In addition, $50mgl^{-1}$ kanamycin was determined to be the minimal concentration useful for selection of putative transgenic plants. In this study, transgenic gerbera expressing the Arabidopsis $Ca^{2+}/H^+$ antiporter gene (CAX1) were obtained using the optimized concentrations. We expect that introduction of the gene to the cultivar will improve cold tolerance, which will be important in the winter months.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 2007

Plant regeneration of Pulsatilla koreana was achieved via adventitious shoot formation indirectly from callus and directly from adventitious root segments. For the callus induction from leaf or petiole explants, combination of 2,4- dichlorophenoxyaceticacid (2,4-D) with $2.22\;{\mu}M$ 6-benzyladenine (BA) was effective. Adventitious shoot induction from callus was enhanced by the combined treatment with $0.1\;{\mu}M$ polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) compared to cytokinin treatment alone. Adventitious roots were induced from the petiole segments on 1/2 MS medium with $4.93\;{\mu}M$ IBA. High frequency direct adventitious shoot formation from the segments of adventitious roots was achieved on medium with $4.92\;{\mu}M$ 2-isopentenyladenine (2-ip). Elongated shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium containing $5.71\;{\mu}M$ indole acetic acid (IAA). Regenerated plantlets with well-developed shoots and roots were successfully transferred to soil. This in vitro propagation protocol might be useful for mass propagation as well as conservation of this plant.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.114-118
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• 2019

Efficient protocol for plant shoot regeneration of Brassica juncea L. CZERN was established by using organic media components and growth stimulating factors of the vermicompost and coelomic fluids. Formulated organic plant tissue culture media (Vermicompost (30%) extracts supplemented with 20 mL/L coelomic fluid) have shown maximum shoot regeneration when compared with the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, which were supplemented with 1 mg/L 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg/L of Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Cotyledon explants produced the highest shoot regeneration frequency from fourday-old germinated seedlings in comparison with non-germinated seedlings. The vermicompost extracts have proved to be the best organic plant growth media to induce shoots from cotyledons compared to the MS media. Statistically significant difference (P = 0.008) for the root length, shoot length (P=0.000350) and the leaves (P=0.375) of the mustard plantlets were analyzed successfully. The survival rate was 98% in the mustard cotyledons on the Vermicompost extract media and 63% on MS media respectively. The coelomic fluid also is much suitable to induce shoots from cotyledons at lower concentrations. It was also shown that the vermicompost extract, which comprised of humic acids along with coelomic fluid, affected shoot regeneration from the cotyledons. An efficient and organic shoot regeneration study was standardized and it can be applicable in the improvement of the economically important crops.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.770-777
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• 2022

The main objective of this study was to identify the most appropriate condition for root formation of in vitro micropropagated pear (Pyrus spp.) plants. In vitro propagation was induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2.0 mg/L of N6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.2 mg/L of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) medium. The short pre-treatment of explants with a high concentration (1 mg/L) of NAA and IBA (R0 medium) in dark for three days, followed by transfer to five different media (R1 to R5) resulted in good rooting responses in the pear 'Oharabani (P. pyrifolia × P. communis)' genotype. For the rooting experiments, the highest rooting percentage (83.3 ± 8.3%), average root length (3.6 ± 1.9 mm), total root number (31 ± 4.0), and average root number per plant (2.6 ± 2.1) were obtained on half strength (1/2) of MS medium supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose without hormones and activated charcoal (AC) (R1 medium). The highest rooting percentage was obtained at 83.3% from explants on R1 and R3 media. The rooting procedure described in this study resulted in good root formation and significantly shorting the root induction time to within 14 days of culture. Further studies are underway to test the suitability of the protocol developed in this study for other pear genotypes.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.678-684
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• 2010

In an attempt to improve biomass and bioactive compound production, we cultured adventitious roots of $Eleutherococcus$ $koreanum$ in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations of auxins (IBA, NAA, IAA) and cytokinins (BA, kinetin, TDZ). Root biomass (fresh and dry weight) was enhanced at $5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) after 5 weeks of culture. The content of total phenolics and flavonoids was also increased with $5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ IBA compared to ${\alpha}$-naphtalene acetic acid (NAA) or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) treatments. The combination of $5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ IBA with $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ thidiazuron (TDZ; N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3,-thidiazol-5-ylurea) enhanced root fresh and dry weight (1.4- and 1.6-fold, respectively) as well as the content of total phenolics and flavonoids compared to the relative control (without cytokinin). On the contrary, $N_6$-benzyladenine (BA) and 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) did not significantly affect root biomass and bioactive compound production in adventitious roots of $E.$ $koreanum$. These results suggested that $5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ IBA combination with $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ TDZ supplementation was most suitable for both biomass and bioactive compound production from adventitious roots of $E.$ $koreanum$.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.187-193
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• 2005

In an effort to optimize tissue culture conditions for genetic transformation of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), an efficient plant regeneration system from seed-derived calli was established. MS medium containing 6 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.1 mg/L benzyladenine (BA) were optimal for embryogenic callus formation from mature seed and had a strong effect on successive plant regeneration. The plant regeneration frequency above 50% was observed when embryogenic calli induced in this medium were transferred to N6 medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-D and 3 mg/L BA. Among several basic media, MS and N6 medium were optimal for callus induction and plant regeneration, respectively. 'Kentucky-31' showed to have high frequencies of embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration up to 58.3 and 50%, respectively. Addition of sucrose to the regeneration medium as a carbon source increased regeneration frequency up to 55%. A short tissue culture period and high-frequency regeneration system established in this study will be useful for molecular breeding of tall fescue through genetic transformation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.123-128
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• 2000

To enhance in vitro plantlet regeneration efficiency of soybean through embryogenesis, the culture conditions such as material part and size of immature seed, 2,4-D, pH and solidifying agents for somatic embryogenesis were investigated. Somatic embryogenesis was induced from the immature embryo, immature cotyledon and embryonic axis explants of the immature seed on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D. The highest rate (up to 22.9%) of somatic embryogenesis was obtained from the immature cotyledon, following embryonic axis and the immature embryo. The rate varied with the developmental stages of seed. The maximum rate (25.4%) of embryogenesis was obtained from 3-4 mm length of the seed (after 25 days of flowering). The optimum concentration of 2,4-D for embryogenesis was 10 mg/L. The optimum pH was at 5.8 and solidifying agent for medium was better with 0.4% gelrite than with agar. For rapid multiplication of shoot tips from the germinating somatic embryos, they were cultured on MS medium containing 2 mg/L indole-3-butyyic acid (IBA) and 1 mg/L 6-benzyladenine (BA). After then somatic embryos with one and three cotyledons were transferred to the growth regulator free medium. The medium exhibited the higher rate (ca. 50%) of development than the multiplication medium.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.370-378
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• 2015

Background : Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus, functional wild vegetable, is perennial herb and young leaves with soft texture are generally used as edible food. So the demand for the vegetable has increased recently. This study was carried out to determine the effects of temperature and shading on germination characteristics of A. dioicus. Methods and Results : The experiment was performed by temperature and shading treatments. Seed pre-treatment before the germination experiment was carried out by the storage in low temperature ($4^{\circ}C$) under wet condition (LTW) for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days and shading treatment were 35%, 50%, and 75% under control, BA (6-benzyladenine) and $GA_3$ (gibberellic acid) condition for 24 hours. Increasing the length of the storage periods led to increases seed germination percent in low temperature ($4^{\circ}C$) under wet condition (LTW), germination rate of A. dioicus seed was the highest at $15^{\circ}C$ with 60 days of seed pre-treatment. In the case of seeds pre-treatment with LTW, the more temperature went up, the more days to 50% of Germination of Final Germination Rate ($T_{50}$) went down. As a result of surveying shading treatment, germination rate was the highest in control of 35% shading and the next higher was in control of 50% shading. Conclusions : It is concluded that the temperature and shading are important factors to produce A. dioicus. Also, We suggest these results as basic data of A. dioicus for sexual propagation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.669-676
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• 1999

The effects of wounding and jasmonic acid(JA) on polyphenol oxidase(PPO) in tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings were investigated. PPO was strongly induced by wounding or JA, and the response was also shown to be systemically induced by wounding. Mechanical wounding in cotyledon or leaf produced a signal that caused the concentration of PPO to increase in the unwounded cotyledon, in the first leaves but not in the second leaves. Severity of wounding and light intensity also affected wound induced change in PPO activity, JA showed a stimulatory effect on the loss of chlorophyll and the rapid increase in PPO activity. The PPO was clearly more active in the wounded leaves than in controls. The potency and specificity of the JA indicate a close relationship between JA and wound-induced changes in PPO in tomato species. JA and abscisic acid(ABA) acted similarly on both unwounded and wounded leaves, but the amount of PPO in the wounded leaves was always more than the respective controls. The highest increase in PPO activity occurred in woundand JA-induced leaves of seedlings kept under bright lighting. Benzyladenine(BA) completely abolished JA- and ABA-induced PPO activity. The results suggest that JA-induced PPO activity is due to de novo PPO synthesis. Histochemical tests for PPO in stems of wound- and JA -treated tomato plants indicate that PPO was localized primarily, in the. outer .cortex . and xylem parenchyma. It is concluded that exogenously applied JA acts as stress agents and PPO may be a component of the inducible anti-hervivore defense response.