• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.83-94
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• 1983

For the better orthodontic diagnosis, case analysis, and treatment plan, the author studied the cephalometric analysis of 365 Korean with normal occlusion occording to the Steiner and Tweed analysis. The subjects consisted of 162 males and 203 females from 7 to 19 years with normal occlusion and were divided into three groups according to the Hellman's dental age. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The Ideal Acceptable Compromises were determined after measurement of male and female average by the Steiner analysis in Hellman's dental age III B, IV A, IV C group. 2. The Holdaway ration were 6.5:1.0 in Group I, 6.5:1.5 in Group II, 6.5:1.5 in Group III. 3. The Tweed's triangle were $FMA\;27^{\circ}\;FMIA\;58^{\circ}\;IMPA\;95^{\circ}$ in Group I and II, $FMA\;27^{\circ}\;FMIA\;62^{\circ}\;IMPA\;95^{\circ}$ in Group III.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.337-339
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• 2020

Speed-run is a gameplay style in what the player tries to finish the game as quickly as possible. The purpose of this study is to observe and analyze the difference between a normal player and a speed runner in a speed run to better understand their interaction with the game and to extrapolate the applications of the analyzed frameworks to scenarios that extent normal gameplay. For this purpose, MDA (Mechanic, Dynamic, Aesthetics) and DPE (Experience, Design, Play) were used. As a result, the average player was found to focus on aesthetics or affects while the speed runner focused on mechanics and gameplay.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.131-147
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• 2024

A routing strategy based on traffic prediction and dynamic cache allocation for satellite nodes is proposed to address the issues of high propagation delay and overall delay of inter-satellite and satellite-to-ground links in low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems. The spatial and temporal correlations of satellite network traffic were analyzed, and the relevant traffic through the target satellite was extracted as raw input for traffic prediction. An improved gradient boosting regression tree algorithm was used for traffic prediction. Based on the traffic prediction results, a dynamic cache allocation routing strategy is proposed. The satellite nodes periodically monitor the traffic load on inter-satellite links (ISLs) and dynamically allocate cache resources for each ISL with neighboring nodes. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed routing strategy effectively reduces packet loss rate and average end-to-end delay and improves the distribution of services across the entire network.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2007년도 한국음성과학회 공동학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.163-166
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• 2007

Our present study was performed to investigate acoustically the Chines normal adults' voices. 60 Chines normal adults (30 males and 30 females) of the age of 20 to 39 years oridyced systained vowel /a/ and, by analyzing them acoustically with Dr. Speech, we could get the fundamental frequency (Fo), jitter, shimmer, NNE. As results, on the average, male voices showed 1I8.1Hz in Fo, 0.186% in jitter, 1.12% in shimmer, and -13.7dB in NNE. And, female voices showed 252.4Hz in Fo, 0.186% in jitter, 0.81% in shimmer, and -1I.3dB in NNE. Every parameter except Fo showed no significant difference between male and female voices.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.498-501
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• 2008

Knowledge of airflow characteristics in nasal cavities is essential to understand the physiological and pathological aspects of nasal breathing. Several studies have utilized physical models of the healthy nasal cavity to investigate the relationship between nasal anatomy and airflow. In our laboratory, there have been a series of experimental investigations on the nasal airflow in normal, abnormal, and deformed nasal cavity models cavity models by PIV under both constant and periodic flow conditions. In this time normal and several deformed nasal cavity models, which simulate surgical operation, Turbinectomy, are investigated numerically by the FVM general purpose code and PIV analysis. The comparisons of these results are appreciated. Dense CT data and careful treatment of model surface under the ENT doctor's advice provide more sophisticated cavity models. The Davis (LaVision Co.) code is used for PIV flow analysis. Average and RMS distributions have been obtained for inspirational and expirational nasal airflows in the normal and deformed nasal cavities.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.661-670
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• 1999

Effects of Ca supplementation on blood pressure(BP) response to dietary Na level were studied in 15 normotensive healthy college women with family history of hypertension. All subjects, randomly divided into 3 groups, ate low Na diet(1816mg/day) prepared in the laboratory during the first 2 weeks and normal Na diet(4064mg/day) of their own home for the next 8 weeks. The one group received daily 1g Ca supplement at both low and normal Na diet periods, the second group took daily 1g Ca supplement only at normal a diet period, and the last group took placebo during both periods. Average Ca and energy intakes at the basal of and during the trial ranged 450-600mg and 1735-1878kcal, respectively. Systolic/diastolic BP was decreased by 9.2-9.8/4.4-4.5 mmHg during low Na diet period and was increased again during next normal Na diet period. However simultaneous Ca supplementation during both low and normal Na diet period suppressed the elevation of systolic/diastolic BP occurred at normal Na diet period. Ca supplementation only at normal Na diet peroid did not affect the BP elevation. The increase of serum Ca and Ca/Mg ratio and the decrease of serum Na and Na/K ratio might be related to the BP lowering effects of Ca supplementation. In conclusion, Ca supplement could attenuate BP elevation induced by increasing Na intake. The BP lowering effect of Ca supplementation was not appeared at low Na intake. Further studies were needed to make it certain. Low Na intake was also confirmed as an effective diet control for lowering blood pressure.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.55-63
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• 1997

Constructed wetland system which can be applied to the rural wastewater treatment system was examined by pilot plant in Kon-Kuk University. Hydraulic loading rate of wastewater was about 0.16m$^3$/m$^2$. day and theoretical detention time in the system was 1.38 days. The effluent of the septic tank for the school building was applied as inflow to the system. The influent concentration of DO was zero but effluent was up to 4.37mg/${\ell}$ which implies that oxygen was supplied enough from atmosphere by reaeration to support biological activity of the system. Average influent concentration of BOD was 104mg/${\ell}$ and effluent was 24mg/${\ell}$ with average removal rate of 76%. Average influent concentration of COD was 215mg/${\ell}$ and effluent was 63mg/${\ell}$ with average removal rate of 70 % . Average influent concentration of SS was 78mg/${\ell}$ and effluent was 10mg/${\ell}$ with average removal rate of 87%. Two components, BOD and SS, are regulated by law to keep maximum water quality standard of 80mg/${\ell}$ when daily outflow rate is less than 100$m^3$/day which is the case of most rural communities. Therefore, the results from the experiment showed that constructed wetland system can meet the water quality standard easily. Average influent concentration of total nitrogen was 165mg/lwhich is relatively higher than normal wastewater, and effluent was about 156mg/${\ell}$ with average removal rate of only 6%. Average influent concentration of total phosphorus was 41 mg/${\ell}$ and effluent was 6mg/${\ell}$ with average removal rate of 87%. Overall, constructed wetland system was thought to be effective to treat wastewater if nitrogen removal mechanism is improved. Considering low cost, less maintenance, and high treatability, this system can be a practical alternative for the wastewater treatment in rural area The experiment was performed during the summer and fall season, and treatment efficiency of the system is expected to decrease in low temperature. therefore, further study including temperature is required to evaluate feasibility of the system more in detail.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 1971

The conclusions were obtained from the detailed survey of 1,285 students experiencing menstruation, who were chosen among 1,717 students in middle & high school girls in Seoul. The survey was conducted during July 20-July 24, 1971. 1. Age of Menarche An average age of menarche was 13.3$\pm$1.07. The earliest age of menarche was 9 and the latest age 18. Ages of menarche were between 12 and 14 in 84.3 percent of the students surveyed. a. By present age distribution, the aged students were lower, than younger students in the average age of menarche. b. By father′s educational levels, among the students whose fathers were graduated from high schools, college & ever the earliest average age of menarche was found with 13.2, and among the students whose fathers were graduated from primary schools that wag latest with 13.6. c. By father′s occupations, among the students whose fathom engaged in "workers not classifiable"the earliest age of menarche was found with 12.5$\pm$0.27, among the students whose fathers were in "service business"the second was 12.9$\pm$1.07, and among the students whose fathers were in "miners, quarrymen and related workers"that was latest with 13.8$\pm$1.14. d. By economic status, among the students of "wealthy"families the age of menarche was 13.1$\pm$0.25, the among the students of "ordinary"families the lags of menarche 13.3$\pm$1.06. and the among the students of "poor" families that was 13.8$\pm$0.31. e. By home discipline, among the students being treated "rigid" the age of menarche was 13.5$\pm$1.13, among the students being treated "moderate"the age of menarche was 13.3$\pm$0.22, and those being treated "indifferent" that was 13.0$\pm$0.26. f. By students physical condition, among the students of "good" condition the average of menarche was 13.3$\pm$0.16, and among the students "poor" that was 13.5$\pm$0.31. 2. Menstruation a. For the six months after the average of menarche 39.0 percent of the students had normal menstruations, and 61.3 percent of them had abnormal ones. Of the students with abnormal menstruation 21.7 percent had abnormal menstruation from time to time, 25.4 percent had no menstruation for one month to three months, 7.2 percent had menstruation for four to six months and 6.7 per cent had no menstruation for more than sin months. Most students became to have normal menstruations a few months later the age of menarche. b. At the time interviewed, the percentile of cycle of menstruation as following: 23 days types: 46.8 percent 30 days types: 40.6 percent others : 12.6 percent The average cycle of menstruation was every 28.9 days. c. The average duration of menstruation is 4.69 days. d. The subjective symptoms during menstruation period: Out of the total 89.7 per cent had some pains, while 10.3 percent had no symptom. Among the symptoms, abdominal pain occupied 29.9 percent, neurotic symptoms 19.0 percent and lumbago 15.1 percent. e. By attitude or Action at first physical change, "Treated it by own experience" : 30.0 percent "Don′t know what to do because of ignorance" : 20.1 percent "Asked others about it" : 43.0 percent

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.671-680
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• 2003

The accuracy of inflow into tunnel estimates depends largely on how well permeability is characterized. But, the average of the packer test results will always underestimate the upper end of the permeability range, and therefore underestimate the inflow. Taking an average of the test results always underestimates inflow because the average permeability does not really exist. The distribution of packer-test data may not accurately reflect permeability, however, due to the limits of the test method and the luck of the field investigation. These discrepancies may be overcome by using Raymer(2001)'s log-normal plots and Heuer(1995)'s histograms of the data to develop a permeability model that will be used in lieu of the data to calculate inflow. Furthermore, the influence on the inflow is examined by the geological characteristics based upon the hundred times of packer test OO tunnel project.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.181-193
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• 1987

Author examined the chewing patterns between the 16 normal subjects and the 10 complete denture wearers with LED mandibular tracking device, and analized the chewing envelope and opening, closing velocity during chewing various test foods-standardized carrot, ham and almond. The results were as follows; 1. The chewing envelope of carrot chewing was greater than that of ham chewing in both groups. 2. The average opening velocity was faster than the average closing velocity in both groups. 3. During chewing carrot or almond, the chewing envelope of dentate stoup was greater than that of denture group, but during chewing ham, there was no statistical difference. 4. During chewing carrot or almond the average opening and closing velocity in dentate group were faster than those of denture group.