• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2022

Recently, automobile industries have developed ADAS, smart cars, connected cars, automated driving systems, which communicate with outsides of a vehicle not only in uni-directional way but also in bi-directional way. It is necessary to examine the electromagnetic immunity of vehicles equipped with those communication systems. The electromagnetic immunity tests are carried out in an electromagnetic semi anechoic chamber, which is cut off from the outside electromagnetically. In this study, additional test environments were designed and tested and as a result they are shown to be effective to create test environments in an experimental chamber for electromagnetic immunity tests of vehicles equipped with communication systems.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.264-279
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• 2021

자율주행자동차 평가 시나리오는 대부분 자율주행자동차가 직면할 일반적인 주행 상황을 기반으로 개발되고 있다. 하지만 실제 주행 중에는 다양한 상황이 발생하고 때때로 복합적인 판단이 필요한 상황이 발생하기도 한다. 본 연구는 보다 안전한 자율주행자동차의 주행을 위하여 복합적인 판단이 필요한 상황을 딜레마 상황으로 새롭게 정의하고, 각 상황에서의 주행안전성 확보를 위해 필요한 운전 전략을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 자율주행자동차 윤리 가이드라인, 자동차사고 과실비율 인정기준, 그리고 자율주행자동차 개발자 제안을 바탕으로 딜레마 상황들을 정의하였다. 또한, 정의된 딜레마 상황들에 대하여 운전 전략 수립을 위한 운동 영향요소를 탐색하였으며, 「도로교통법」에 따른 운전 영향요소의 우선순위와 그에 따른 운전 전략을 도출하였다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.197-217
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• 2022

자율주행자동차(Automated vehicle, AV) 교통사고가 지속적으로 발생하면서 자율주행시스템(automated driving system, ADS)의 안전성 및 신뢰성을 확보하기 위한 안전성 검증의 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 안전성 및 신뢰성을 확보하기 위해서는 ADS의 운행가능영역(operational design domain, ODD)을 정의하고 ODD를 벗어나는 상황에서의 대응 능력을 평가하면서 ADS의 안전성을 검증해야 할 필요가 있다. 이를 위해 SAE, BSI, NHTSA, ISO 등의 국제 기구에서는 ODD 분류 기준 및 표준을 규정하고 있으나 국내의 경우 ODD 기준이 부재하여 AV의 ODD 표현 방법 및 안전성 검증 및 평가가 적절히 이루어지지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 해외 ODD 분류 기준을 분석하고 안전성 검증 및 평가에 적합한 분류 기준을 선정하였다. 선정된 ODD를 기반으로 ADS 안전성 검증 및 평가에 필요한 평가요소를 제시하였다. 특히, ADS 기술 개발을 지원하는 자율주행 실험도시(K-City)의 평가환경을 분석하여 평가요소를 제시하였다.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2023

The seating postures of passengers in the automated driving vehicle are possible in atypical forms such as rear-facing and lying down. It is necessary to improve devices such as airbags and seat belts to protect occupants from injury in accidents of the automated driving vehicle, and collision safety evaluation tests must be newly developed. The purpose of this study is to define representative types of head-on collision accidents to develop collision standards for autonomous vehicles that take into account changes in driving behavior and occupants' postures. 150 frontal collision cases remained by filtering (accident videos, images, AIS 2+, passenger car, etc…) and random sampling from approximately 320,000 accidents claimed by a major insurance company over the past 5 years. The most frequent accident type is a head-on collision between a vehicle going straight and a vehicle turning left from the opposite side, accounting for 54.7% of all accidents, and most of these accidents occur in permissive left turns. The next most common frontal collision is the center-lane violation by drowsy driving and careless driving, accounting for 21.3% of the total. For the two types above, data such as vehicle speed, contact point/area, and PDOF at the moment of impact are obtained through accident reconstruction using PC-Crash. As a result, two types of autonomous vehicle crash safety test scenarios are proposed: (1) a frontal oblique collision test based on the accident types between a straight vehicle and a left-turning vehicle, and (2) a small overlap collision test based on the head-on accidents of center-lane violation.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1743-1746
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• 2003

Automated Container Terminals have been being developed over the world for many recent years and more and more countries get interested in it because the amount of containers exported or imported is steeply increasing. Existed Container Terminals were not designed to control this kind of heavily many containers. They would face many structural problems soon or later, although they have managed to do well until now. One of the most important things in developing Automated Container Terminal is to develop the equipment able to transfer the awfully many containers. Those are maybe Automated Transfer Cranes, Automated Guided Vehicles, and Automated Quay-Side Cranes. The word "Automated" means the equipment is operated without drivers and those equipments are able to work without taking any break. Through the researches on the existed transfer cranes, authors decided that the structure of existed transfer cranes is not proper to swift and fast transfer and it′s not impossible to handle so many containers in limited time. Therefore authors have been studying on the proper structure of the Automated Container Crane for past several years and a new type of transfer crane has been developed. Design concepts and control methods of a new crane will be introduced in this paper.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 8th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.510-519
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• 2020

Within an intelligent automated cyber-physical system, the realization of the autonomous mechanism for data collection, data integration, and data analysis plays a critical role in the design, development, operation, and maintenance of such a system. This construct is particularly vital for fault-tolerant route-finding systems that rely on the imprecise GPS location of the vehicles to properly operate, timely plan, and continuously produce informative feedback to the user. More essentially, the integration of digital twins with cyber-physical route-finding systems has been overlooked in intelligent transportation services with the capacity to construct the network routes solely from the locations of the operating vehicles. To address this limitation, the present study proposes a conceptual architecture that employs digital twin to autonomously maintain, update, and manage intelligent transportation systems. This virtual management simulation can improve the accuracy of time-of-arrival prediction based on auto-generated routes on which the vehicle's real-time location is mapped. To that end, first, an intelligent transportation system was developed based on two primary mechanisms: 1) an automated route finding process in which predictive data-driven models (i.e., regularized least-squares regression) can elicit the geometry and direction of the routes of the transportation network from the cloud of geotagged data points of the operating vehicles and 2) an intelligent mapping process capable of accurately locating the vehicles on the map whereby their arrival times to any point on the route can be estimated. Afterward, the digital representations of the physical entities (i.e., vehicles and routes) were simulated based on the auto-generated routes and the vehicles' locations in near-real-time. Finally, the feasibility and usability of the presented conceptual framework were evaluated through the comparison between the primary characteristics of the physical entities with their digital representations. The proposed architecture can be used by the vehicle-tracking applications dependent on geotagged data for digital mapping and location tracking of vehicles under a systematic comparison and simulation cyber-physical system.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.147-163
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• 2023

최근 전 세계적으로 첨단 이동 수단인 자율주행자동차에 대한 연구가 활발하다. 국내에서도 첨단 이동 수단 기술을 12대 국가 전략기술로 선정하였으며, 자율주행자동차와 관련된 국가 R&D 사업을 통해 연구가 꾸준히 진행되고 있다. 자율주행자동차 기술의 경우 다양한 분야의 기술이 집합된 결과물로 다양한 방향성을 보이고 있다. 그렇기에 자율주행 연구의 현 위치를 파악하고 향후 방향성을 정립하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 국가과학기술지식정보서비스(National Science and Technology Information Service, NTIS)에서 제공하는 국가 R&D 사업에 등록된 성과 정보 중 논문 초록을 활용하여 연구 동향을 분석하는 방법론을 제시하였다. 또한, 제시된 방법론을 이용하여 주요 키워드 및 주요 토픽을 도출하여 개발된 연구 동향 방법론의 유효성을 검토하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 방법론은 향후 자율주행자동차 연구 동향 파악 및 분석에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.1112-1118
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• 2004

Automated container terminals have been developed over the world years and many countries are interested in them because the amount of containers exported or imported is rapidly increasing. The conventional container terminals were not designed to handle this kind of heavily many containers. They would face many structural problems soon or later, although they have been managed to do well so far. One of the most important things in automated container terminal is the handing equipments able to transfer many containers efficiently. Those are maybe automated transfer cranes, automatic guided vehicles and automated quay-side cranes. The word 'automated' means the equipment is operated without drivers and those equipments are able to work without any interruption in working schedule. Through the researches on the conventional transfer cranes, we decided that the structure of conventional transfer cranes is not proper in automated container terminal and it is not possible to handle so many container in limited time. Therefore we have been studying on the proper structure of the automated container for past several years and a new type of transfer cranes has been developed. Design concept and control method of the new crane are introduced and experimental results are presented in this paper.his paper.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.194-198
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• 2015

In this paper, a remote emergency stop system to improve the safety of an automated driving vehicle is proposed. One of the most serious problems of the previous wireless remote emergency system is that it does not work when the wireless channel is damaged in case of an emergency because it is composed of a single communication channel. Therefore, the proposed remote emergency stop system composed of a portable wireless remote system and a stationary wireless remote system is designed and the remote emergency stop system for automated driving vehicles is developed. By applying it to an automated driving vehicle to check it's performance, the wireless remote system is tested. Emergency stops using the portable wireless remote system is tested when the stationary wireless remote system is disconnected. Also, emergency stops using the stationary wireless remote system are tested when the portable wireless remote system is disconnected. The results of the emergency stop test show a satisfactory performance.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.251-261
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• 2019

최근 자율주행자동차의 개발이 활발하게 진행되면서 더욱 안전하고 쾌적한 주행을 위해 V2V, V2I 등 V2X 서비스를 활용하는 자율주행시스템의 중요성이 높아지고 있다. 환경 센서에 기반한 부분 자율주행자동차는 장착된 센서의 인식 거리를 벗어나는 영역에 대한 예측 및 판단과 센서가 검지하기 힘든 비정형 물체에 대한 대응에 한계가 있다. 따라서 센서 검지 성능의 한계를 개선하고 보다 안전하고 쾌적한 주행을 위한 V2X 서비스 활용은 중요하다. 하지만 V2X의 잘못된 정보 제공으로 인한 자율주행자동차의 사고 위험도 존재할 수 있어 이를 방지하기 위한 기술의 적용 또한 고려되어야 할 것이다. 본 논문에서는 ISO-26262 Part3 프로세스를 활용하고 HARA를 수행하여 V2X 중에서 차량과 인프라의 통신을 활용한 V2I 오작동에 의한 자율주행자동차의 위험원을 도출하고 주요 V2I 사용례의 오작동 시뮬레이션 및 실차 시험을 기반으로 ASIL 등급을 산정하였다.