• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.197-211
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• 1995

This study was designed to identify school health nurses' attitudes toward sex education through a Q-methodological approach. Research was done from Apr. 3, 1995 to Oct. 15, 1995. A final Q-sample was selected to 37 statements out of initial 128 statements after consultation from counselors, educators and writers related to sex education. The P -sample was consisted with 32 school health nurses in Chonbuk province. The collected data were analyzed by Quanal program on PC. The results of the study were as follows: School health nurses are categorized into 6 types. The first type, receiving type with cognition deficiency about general learning objectives of sex education were consisted with 4 subjects. The second type, valuing type with cognition deficiency about general learning objectives of sex education were consisted with 6 subjects. The third type, adopting behavior type with cognition deficiency about specific learning objectives of sex education were consisted with 5 subjects. The fourth type, receiving type with cognition deficiency about specific learning objectives of sex education were consisted with 5 subjects. The fifth type, making sense of information type with cognition deficiency about specific learning objectives of sex education were consisted with 5 subjects. The sixth type, adopting behavior type with cognition deficiency about general learning objectives of sex education were consisted with 7 subjects. As a result of this study, we may realize necessity of prepared sex educators. Sex the educators must be fully cognitive and affective toward sex education before practicing sex education.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2014

수업 목표는 수업 시간에 제시되는 목표로 수업 설계의 기본 방향과 틀을 제공하여 효과적인 교수 학습을 설계할 수 있게 해주고, 수업 평가의 지침이 된다. 다른 교과에서는 Bloom의 교육목표 분류법의 문제점을 수정한 Anderson의 분류법을 제시하고, 이를 통해 교과의 수업목표와 평가의 성취수준을 분석하는 연구가 최근 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 Anderson의 분류법이 정보 교과의 수업목표 진술에 적절한지 정보 교사의 설문을 통해 확인하고, Anderson의 분류법으로 중학교 정보 교과서 6종의 수업목표를 분석하였다. 설문 결과를 통해 Anderson의 분류법이 Bloom의 분류법보다 정보 교과의 목표 진술에 더 유용하다는 결과를 얻었고, 정보 교과서 6종의 분석 결과 개념적 지식과 절차적 지식, 이해하다와 적용하다의 목표들이 더 많이 제시되어 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과가 교육목표 분류법 연구와 교과서 개발에 좋은 사례 연구가 될 것으로 전망한다.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.17-35
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• 2017

이 연구는 대학부설 과학영재교육원의 교육프로그램에 제시된 학습목표를 Bloom의 신교육목표분류체계와 언어네트워크분석 방법을 통해 분석하고 결과를 비교함으로써 학습목표를 분석할 때 언어네트워크분석 방법의 적용 가능성을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 이를 위하여 27개 대학부설과학영재교육원의 교육프로그램 중 과학 분야 169개 주제에 제시된 702개의 학습목표를 분석대상으로 선정하여 Bloom의 신교육목표 분류체계에 따라 분류하고 코딩한 후 각 학습목표 사이의 구조적 특성을 알아보기 위해 언어네트워크분석을 사용하였다. 분석 결과로 나타난 주요 특성은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 주제 별로 사용된 학습목표의 특성을 살펴본 결과 초등은 약 3개, 중등은 약 6개의 서로 다른 범주의 학습목표가 사용되고 있었다. 둘째, 연구방법과 학교 급에 관계없이 지식차원의 사실적 지식, 개념적 지식과 인지과정 차원의 '기억하다', '이해하다', '창안하다'의 비중이 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 단순 통계 분석 결과로는 확인할 수 없지만 언어네트워크분석 방법을 통한 가중치에 근거하여 살펴본 결과 초등 단계는 과학적 사실에 대한 학습을 통해 실제실험과정에 적용해 보는 활동을 강조한 반면, 중등 단계는 이보다는 과학적 사실, 개념 자체를 이해하는 것을 더욱 강조하고 있었다. 이와 같은 결과로 볼 때 기존 단순 통계적 연구를 통해 분석한 것에 비해 보다 다양한 학습목표의 특성을 해석할 수 있는 것으로 보아 언어네트워크분석방법이 학습목표를 분석하는데 적용 가능성이 높은 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.185-196
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• 2014

본 연구는 Bloom의 교육목표 분류법이 가지고 있는 문제점을 수정한 Anderson의 분류법과 프로그래밍 수업목표에 적용할 수 있는 Fuller의 분류법으로 2009 개정 교육과정에 의해 새롭게 출판된 고등학교 정보 교과서 6종을 분석하였다. Anderson 분류법에 의하면 교과서마다 차이가 있기는 하지만 개념적 지식과 절차적 지식, 이해하다와 적용하다의 목표들이 더 많이 제시되어 있음을 확인하였다. Fuller 분류법으로 동종의 교과서 6종을 분석해 보니 프로그램 코드의 해석과 생산 영역이 대체로 균형 있게 제시되어 있었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 추후 이루어지는 정보 교과만의 교육목표 분류법 연구와 교과서 개발에 좋은 사례가 될 것으로 전망한다.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2015

본 연구는 영재학급에서 수업 중 교사가 강조하는 지도 목표와 학생들이 인식하는 학습 목표 도달 정도의 차이를 분석해 봄으로써 영재학급에서의 학습 목표 제시 방식을 개선하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 초등학교 6학년 2개 학급(각 20명씩 총 40명) 학생들의 활동지를 양적으로 분석하였으며, 각 학급 내 성취 수준이 상, 중, 하위권에서 각 1명씩을 대상으로 수업 중 연구자 참여 관찰과 수업 후 개별 면담을 통해 그들의 학습 목표 인식 사례를 질적으로 분석하였다. 학습 목표는 내용면, 과정면, 태도면에서 각각의 하위 요소별로 교사가 사전에 기술해 놓은 것에 대해 교사 자신이 강조한 정도와 학생이 인식한 정도의 간극을 항목별로 차이를 수치화하여 비교하였다. 연구 결과 영재학급 학생들은 내용면보다는 상대적으로 과정면에서 학습 목표에 대한 인식이 낮음을 알 수 있었는데, 전반적으로 연역적 사고, 유추적 사고, 발전적 사고에 있어서 교사의 강조 정도와 인식 정도의 차이를 보였고 특히 유추적 사고에서 학습 목표에 대한 그 인식 정도가 가장 큰 차이를 보였다. 이를 통해 얻게 된 몇 가지 교육적 시사점을 제시하였다.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.34-46
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• 1993

The international environmental activity and environmental education began in 1970's. Environmental education in Korea was emphasized since the Forth National Curriculum. The Environmental Curriculum was regarded as one of the most important part in the Sixth National Curriculum in Korea. Environment-related reference texts of Elementary school were already developed. Soon, 'Environment' of middle school and 'Environmental Science' of high school will be developed. The purpose of this study were to analyse environment-related texts in the Fifth National Curriculum and to measure how much environmental education has achieved. As a environmental text for regular class, selected the environmental part in 'Science Part 1' and as environment-related reference text, 'Survival and Environment'. The environmental part of 'Science Part 1' was unit [Life and Environment]. According to the analysis of objectives, most of unit objectives were not stated in a detailed and precise manner. When the goals of environmental education were divided into four fields as follows, knowledge and information, skill, thinking and attitude, behavior and participation, unit objectives were mostly emphasized on knowledge and information of environment, exactly 44.5% of unit objectives and 89.6% of subunit objectives. The degree of relationship between unit objectives and contents was low. All the Check up-problems were about knowledge and information of environment. Environment-related reference text, 'Survival and Environment' was the only reference text for high school students in Korea and was organized in the form of the regular curriculum text. It was developed in Korean Education Development, Center with support of Korean Environmental Ministry in 1990. According to the analysis of 'Survival and Environment', the objectives of units and subunits were less stressed on knowledge and information than those of unit [Life and Environment] in the environmental part of 'Science Part 1' On the other hand, they were a little more stressed on skill, thinking and attitude, behavior and participation. And fifteen of all the seventy subunit objectives were not related with contents. In organization, this text included Thinking problems, Experiments and Inquiries, Reading, Developed studies and Check up-problem etc. It was remarkable that Inquiries leaded to individual activities and Developed studies to group discussions or individual inquiries. And as Check-up problems were presented as a form of activities, students could achieve many various objectives at the same time by solving one problem. To measure the achievement of environmental education by questionnaire, 497 high school students in total were selected from five different schools. Scores in subtest 'behavior and participation' and subtest 'thinking and attitudes' were 13.19 and 18.18, respectively. Actually, most students had a positive thinkings and attitudes in their hearts about environmental problems, but many of them actually did not take actions to solve environmental problems and to protect environment. Scores in subtest 'knowledge and information' and subtest 'skill' were 10.76 and 10.81, respectively. The higher the score students got in 'knowledge and information', the higher the score in 'skill'. It implies that learning of skills is based on learning of knowledges and informations about environment has not always ensured positive thinkings and attitudes or active behaviors and participations to solve environmental problem.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.40-50
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• 2001

To meet the objectives of environmental education, teachers especially have to perceive the importance of environmental education, comprehend various characteristics of teaching/learning methods, and be able to conduct classes by choosing proper teaching/leaming methods in accordance with a specific purpose and educational focus about environmental education. Therefore, it Bs necessary to investigate the current status of Korean environmental education and provide teachers with appropriate environmental teaching/leaming methods. To this end this study aims to examine Korean science teachers'perceptions'on environmental education and the kind of teaching/learning methods which can be utilized in environmental education. Teachers who completed the survey were 135 science teachers from middle and high schools in Seoul, and 126 social science teachers from Kyoungki province. The majors of the science teachers were in physics, chemistry, biology, geology, and earth science. Also, there was one teacher who majored in special education. For social science teachers two majors were common, geography and general sociology. After analysis of the data from the surveys the results are as follows. First, science and social science teachers in middle and high school recognized the necessity of environmental education in school education. Second, most teachers had applied environment related topics to their subject of study occasionally, but they mostly concurred that environment related contents should be included in their textbooks. Third, science teachers agreed that field trip, discussion, and the STS approach were the most proper methods for environmental education, and social science teachers agreed that field trips, inquiry, and discussion were the most appropriate methods for a teaching environment. They realized that they should decide good teaching-learning methods appropriate to the objectives and content needed for effective environmental education as they selected different teaching-learning methods according to detailed environmental objectives and contents in their textbooks.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.70-75
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• 1999

Adaptive control in the robotic GMA(Gas Metal Arc) welding is employed to monitor the information about weld characteristics and process paramters as well as modification of those parameters to hold weld quality within the acceptable limits. Typical characteristics are the bead geometry composition micrrostructure appearance and process parameters which govern the quality of the final weld. The main objectives of this paper are to realize the mapping characteristicso f penetration through the learning. After learning the neural network can predict the pene-traition desired from the learning mapping characteristic. The design parameters of the neural network estimator(the number of hidden layers and the number of nodes in a layer) were chosen from an error analysis. partial-penetration single-pass bead-on-plate welds were fabricated in 12mm mild steel plates in order to verify the performance of the neural network estimator. The experimental results show that the proposed neural network estimator can predict the penetration with reasonable accuracy and gurarantee the uniform weld quality.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.149-176
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• 2009

In the recent e-learning environment, avatars are often used to help learners get familiar with the contents, which is ultimately to motivate them to study more. Therefore, it is important to investigate whether avatars have actually the desirable effect on users of e-learning materials. Surprisingly, however, no extensive study has been conducted on this crucial issue Accordingly, main objectives this study are summarized as follows. First, we need to gain better understanding of how much learners' trust towards avatars (termed as "avatar trust") is transferred to learners' trust towards e-learning contents (termed as "contents trust"). Second, we need to investigate how much learners' personal relationships with avatars as well as learning behaviors change depending on avatar types (attractive vs. professional) and contents complexity (easy vs. difficult). As described in the study objectives, in order for us to analyze empirical data more systematically, we classified avatar types into two: "attractive" and "professional;" the contents are categorized as either "easy" or "difficult." Therefore, it is essential for this study to build a prototype e-learning website on which our research purpose can be realized and tested effectively with proper avatar types and e-learning contents. For this purpose, we built a prototype e-learning website, in which avatars are invited from currently working avatar instructors used in real-world e-learning websites, and e-learning contents are adapted from real-world contents about Java programming topic, which have been proved to have shown high quality and reliability. Our research method includes questionnaire survey by inviting a number of valid respondents comprised of office workers who are believed to have high demands for the e-learning contents as well as those who have previous experience with avatar instructors. Respondents were given one of the four e-learning experiment conditions (2 avatar types x 2 contents types) on a random basis. Each experimental e-learning condition is framed to have the same quality but different avatar type and content complexity. Then the respondents are asked to fill out the survey form which has questions about avatar trust, contents trust, personal relationships with avatar, and learning behavior, among others. Regarding the constructs used in research model, we based them rigorously on previous studies. For example, we used six constructs such as behavior to give information (BGI), behavior to obtain information (BOI), need for inclusion wanted, need for control wanted, contents trust, and avatar trust. To measure them, 7-Likert scales were used in the questionnaire. E-learning performance was measured indirectly through two constructs such as BGI and BOI. Six constructs used in the research model were adopted and revised from the FIRO-B model suggested by Schutz. Empirical results are as follows: First, professional avatars are more effective for difficult contents, while attractive avatars were not as effective for easy contents. Second, our study results ascertained that avatar trust transfers to contents trust regardless of avatar types and contents complexity.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.343-350
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• 2013

Objectives : The objective of this study is to analyze about learning styles and self-regulated learning strategies of dental hygiene students and to find methods that may increase learning outcomes by selecting effective learning methods. Methods : The subjects of this study are 524 dental hygiene students in region of chonbuk from May, 2012 to June, 2012. collected informations are analyzed with SPSS. Results : 1. 38.1%, assimilator is most of learning styles of dental hygiene students, followed by 29.7%, converger, 16.2%, diverger, 15.8%, accommodator. 2. 28.0%, converger and diverger are most of subjects whose grade score is between 2.0-2.9, 41.50%, accommodator is most of 3.0-3.4, and 41.61% accommodator is most of 3.5-3.9, and 28.0%, converger is most of subjects whose grade score is more than 4.0. this results has statistically signification(p<0.01). 3. $8.71{\pm}1.78$, assimilation strategy is most self-regulated learning strategies of dental hygiene students, followed by $8.26{\pm}1.94$, control strategy, $7.52{\pm}2.00$, memorization strategy. accommodator is most showed $7.82{\pm}2.24$, $9.13{\pm}1.74$, $8.71{\pm}2.20$ in memorization strategy, assimilation strategy, control strategy. 4. It is showed that assimilator is significantly related with satisfaction for major(p<0.01), accommodator is significantly related with academic records(p<0.05), and diverger is significantly negative related with academic records, through the results of the analysis of factors that affects learning styles. Conclusions : Organizing above results, It is considered that instructor needs to acknowledge learning styles of students through understanding about various learning styles of students, and may has to develop suitable teaching method for students based on that.