• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.145-179
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• 2023

This study empirically examines the relationship between the education and competence, age and competence, and the returns to skills in the labor market in different countries using PIAAC data. The main focus is notable characteristics of Korea compared to other PIAAC participant countries. Contrary to young students who have highest scores in international tests, Korean adults made mediocre performances in all three areas, numeracy, literacy, and problem solving. It turns out that the correlation between educational level and competence is weak in Korea compared to other countries, whereas the depreciation of competence from aging is strongest. In terms of labor market returns, literacy skills get highest returns while problem-solving skills get lowest in Korea. In contrast, the numeracy skills get highest returns, and the problem-solving skills have high returns than those of Korea in many other countries When we include three skills in the Mincer wage equation, the returns to problem solving skills have negative effect in Korea, which is rarely found in other countries. These results implies that problem-solving skills are not much appreciated in the Korean labor market and Korean adults have few opportunities of accumulating human capital after finishing formal education. Korean need to rethink the ways to accumulate human capital and enhance economic performances to overcome high deprecation in human capital after formal education and to make the labor market more efficient in a sense that adults' competence results in the due economic returns.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of suicide prevention education using the "Life Charger" program for older adults. Methods: This study conducted the "Life Charger"suicide prevention education with 95 older adults in the experimental group. Participants were recruited from a senior welfare center and a senior citizen center in D metropolitan city, and their attitudes toward suicide and sense of competence in providing help before and after the education were investigated. While no measures were taken for the control group, their attitudes toward suicide and help-giving competence were surveyed during the same period. Statistics were analyzed using SPSS 23.0, demographic variables of the experimental and control groups were calculated as percentiles, and Chi-square analysis and paired-sample t-test were performed to verify the homogeneity of the experimental and control groups. Results: To verify the effectiveness of the "Life Charger"suicide prevention education, the effectiveness of attitude toward suicide before and after the education was verified. The experimental group showed a significantly higher level (t=-6.34, p<.000). Their competence in providing help was also at a significantly higher level (t=-10.20, p<.000). Upon verifying the effectiveness of the program, the experimental group's attitude toward suicide was found to be significantly higher; however, the control group showed no change in attitude toward suicide and competence in providing help. Conclusion: This study verified that the "Life Charger"suicide prevention education for older adults was effective in increasing attitudes toward suicide and sense of competence in providing help. To increase the effectiveness of suicide prevention education for older adults, follow-up research should determine whether there are any actual changes after the training, and attitudes toward suicide and help-providing competence should be increase d through universal and repetitive education to prevent suicide among older adults.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social networks and perceived self-competence. The subject were 350 third and sixth graders selected from a public elementary school in Seoul. The children were administered the Pattison Psychosocial Network Inventory and The Self Perception Profile for Children. Three major questions are addressed; l)age changes 2)sex differences, and 3) the relation between the characteristics of social networks and self-perceived competence. Data were analyzed by pearson's product moment correlation, one-way ANOVA. Proportion measures were also used since they had allowed for the observation of relationship between two subsets of people within given categories(e.g.,the number of relatives divided by the number of relatives plus nonrelatives). The effects of age and sex of child on the number and daily contact with kin, nankin, peers, adults, males, and females were found. Sixth graders had a larger number of adults than third graders. While children had a greater number of adults than peers, they had more contact with peers than with adults in their network. It was found that boys had greater number of people in their network than girls. And boys had a larger number of and more contact with males, and girls had a larger number of more contact with females. The structure of childrens' social networks structure were correlated with perceived self-competence.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.36-46
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate compassion competence and its mediating effects on the relationship between attitudes toward dementia and care behavior among caregivers of older adults with dementia in nursing homes. Methods: 211 participants were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Data were collected from February 1st to May 24th, 2023, through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis and the bootstrapping method. Results: The mean score for care behavior was 3.67±0.97 (range 1~5). Caring behaviors were significantly associated with attitudes toward dementia (r=.76, p<.001) and compassion competence (r=.75, p<.001). Using Baron and Kenny's approach and PROCESS Macro model 4, care behavior was directly affected by dementia attitude (β=.76, p<.001). Compassion competence (β=.66, p<.001) was directly affected by dementia attitude. The partial mediating effects of compassion competence (β=.47, p<.001, 95% confidence interval 0.10~0.23) on the impact of dementia attitude on care behavior was confirmed. Conclusion: The results suggest that compassion competence should be considered when developing nursing interventions to enhance dementia-related attitudes and improve care behavior among caregivers of older adults with dementia.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.273-280
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify groups depending on the four years of changing trajectories in self-efficacy and its relationship with life satisfaction and interpersonal competence of adults with disabilities who were aged above 25. The 1st to 4th year of the second wave from Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled (PSED) was used to identify the groups and explore their relationship with life satisfaction and interpersonal competence through growth mixture modeling. The results identified three latent classes according to changing trajectories in self-efficacy: a 'high level-increasing group', an 'average level-increasing group', and a 'low level-stable group'. These three groups showed different characteristics in life satisfaction and interpersonal competence. For example, life satisfaction for groups decreased from the 'high level-increasing group' to the 'low level-stable group' and interpersonal competence increased in both 'high level-increasing group' and 'average level-increasing group', whereas it was stabilized in the 'low level-stable group'. These findings suggest that the life satisfaction and interpersonal competence of adults with disabilities are associated with their self-efficacy.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.417-432
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• 2008

The purpose of this study were to discuss on the importance of community youth development programs and review the enhancement of competence in youth The research methods used the extensive review of related literatures. Based on the major results, the implications and suggestions were as follows. First, community youth activity will need to provide the opportunities of enhancing the competencies and a full complement of positive connections to youth programs. Second, communities promote to engage youth as partners with adults in the process of positive youth development. Third, youth development organizations operate to support the programs to prevent risky-behaviors or treat specific problems in terms of community youth contexts. Finally, collaboration and network are necessarily required among youth, adults, family, school, organizations within the community. Changes to work and workplace are so significant that policies refer to 'the knowledge society' at the same time 'information society'. Future workers will need to have the skills of information and communications management and control.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.505-522
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• 2009

This study examined whether preschool children's meta-socialization (conceptions of social situations) and their responses differed by children's social competence. Participants were 74 kindergarten children living in Seoul, Korea. Results showed differences in children's conceptions of social-conventional and personal situations by social competence and differences in children's responses to moral situations by social competence. Children with higher social competence had a tendency to negative social-conventional violations and they showed a general acceptance in personal choices, whereas children with lower social competence made frequent responses of 'retaliatory' and 'involve adults' in moral situations.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.198-206
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• 2017

This study was conducted to identify the relationship between personal competence of health care(PCHC) and quality of life among middle-aged adults. Data were collected using questionnaires from 412 middle-aged parents of university student. There were significant differences in PCHC and quality of life according to educational level, family support, monthly income, exercise over 3times a week, subjective health status. However, religion and drinking made a differece only in PCHC on the other hand, sex and disease affected quality of life. All subdomains of PCHC had significant positive correlations with quality of life. Factors predicting quality of life among subdomains of PCHC were health perception, sociocultural relationship and socioeconomical involvement, which explained about 50.3%. These results indicate a need to develop programs to improve health perception, sociocultural and socioeconomical competence for middle-aged adults.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.181-194
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• 2001

This study examined relationships among maternal self-perception, parenting behavior, kindergartener's temperament, and social competence. The subjects were 112 kindergartners and their mothers. Instruments were the modified Self-Perception Profile for Adults, the Iowa Parent Behavior Inventory, the Parent and Teacher Temperament Questionnaire for children 3-7 years of age, and the Iowa Social Competency Scales. The data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation, connonical correlation and regression. Results showed significant correlations among maternal self-perception, parenting behaviors, kindergartener's temperament and social competence. Findings from analyses by cannonical correlation and regression revealed that maternal self-perception, parenting behaviors, and children's temperament are important variables for predicting social competence in children.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.61-72
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine the developmental changes about self-perception from childhood to adult period. The subjects were 365 of 5th graders in elementary school, the 2nd graders in junior and senior high school, sophomore in college, and adults. The instruments used for this study were Harter's Self-Perception Profile for the children, adolescences, college students, and adults. The results were as follows. 1. From elementary school to junior high school, the score of scholastic, athletic, physical appearance, behavioral conduct, and global self-worth were decreased. At the developmental perspective, the junior high school students were highly anxious for self-perception. 2. Physical appearance were the best predictor of the global self-worth for all developmental stages. 3. Physical appearance, behavioral conduct predicted more about the global self-worth than any other factors for elementary and junior high school students. And for junior high school students, social acceptance and friendship also predicted about the global self-worth. Scholastic competence showed higher correlation with global self-worth for the senior high school and college students than elementary and junior high school students. 4. For college students, males had higer scores than females on ability-oriented but also relationship-oriented subscales. But the adults showed no differences in nurturance, household management, job competence depending on sex.