• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1722-1728
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• 2008

The natural course of chronic hepatitis B (CH-B) virus infection is reportedly variable, and the long-term outcomes in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B infection are distinct from HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis. However, the molecular virological factors that contribute to the progression of liver disease in the south Indian setting remain largely unclear. We prospectively studied 679 consecutive patients for HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBe, and HBV DNA by qualitative PCR. Randomly selected samples were subjected to bidirectional sequencing to reveal core/precore variants. Of the total 679 chronic HBV cases investigated, 23% (154/679) were replicative HBV carriers. Furthermore, amongst the 560 HBV DNA samples analyzed, 26% (146/560) were viremic. Among the 154 HBeAg positive cases, HBV DNA was positive in 118 cases (77%), significantly (p<0.001) higher than the anti-HBe positive (7%) (28/406) cases. Significant increase in liver disease (p<0.01) with ALT enzyme elevation (p<0.001) was observed in both HBe and anti-HBe viremic cases. Interestingly, low frequencies of mutations were seen in the precore region of the HBV strains studied. HBV precore and core promoter variants were less often detected in subjects with "e" negative chronic HBV infection and, therefore, may not have a prognostic role in determining liver disease sequelae in this part of tropical India.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.103-116
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• 1997

This study was to assess Korean sailors' knowldege, attitudes and behaviors about AIDS. The subjects of this study were 379 safety-trainee sailors. Data were collected by self reporting on a questionnaire during February to March 1996. The results were as follows : The mean score on AIDS knowledge was 17.3 out of a possible maximum score of 24.0. With respect to diseas transmission , only 45.6-86.5percent of the sailors correctly indicated that causal contact does not lead to contraction AIDS. The younger, unmarried , and educated groups had a higher level of knowledge about AIDS. With respect t sailors' attitudes about ADIS, 85.2 percent of the sailors reported that the AIDS is as big a problem as the media suggested, and over half of the sailors(53.8%) reported that they are being afraid of getting AIDS. One attitude, which was most pervasive(903.1 percent agreeing) was that it is important for sailors to receive AIDS education as a part of social education classes. In attitudes , there was statistical significance by age group, marital statistical signifiacance by age group , marital status, and educational level. With respect to sailor's preventive behaviors about AIDS, the mean score was 7.1 out of a possible maximum score of 9.0. It was shown that the older age, married groups had a higher level of preventive behaviors about AIDS.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.292-303
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• 2001

The purpose of the study was to find out the level of knowledge, attitude, subjective norm, social interaction, and behavioral intention of nursing students regarding AIDS. It also identified factors that predict behavioral intentions and to provide care for patients with AIDS using Theory of Reasoned Action. The subjects consisted of 117 nursing students at three universities. Data was collected with self reporting in a questionnaire of with 67 items. Data was analyzed by an SPSS pc+ program. The results were as follows; 1. The mean age of the subjects was 20.98 years. The mean score for HIV/AIDS knowledge was 24.444 out of 32. Mostly Korean students were quite knowledgeable about the basic facts and symptoms of AIDS but confused about the made of transmission such as public toilets, prevention methods, and especially infection control. 2. This study found that social interaction, attitudes and subjective norms of Korean nursing students explained the intention to care for AIDS patients. The students who had a more positive attitude toward caring for AIDS patients and those who perceived more support from their significant others for caring the AIDS patients reported a more positive intention to care for AIDS patients. 3. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, 47.58% of the variance in AIDS patient care intention was accounted for by social interaction (33.41%), attitude (9.1%), and subjective norm (5.0 %). According to the finding of this study, and social interaction are the most significant predictors of intentions. Therefore it can be suggested that a HIV/AIDS prevention program should focus on transmission modes and prevention methods, especially in infection control. AIDS education efforts aimed at nursing students should place greater emphasis on correcting these kinds of misconceptions. Nursing intenvention for reducing fear of contagion, improving perception of social interaction, fostering positive attitudes and increasing intention to care for AIDS patients should be provided for nursing students. They also recommended that nursing students be adequately prepared to care for AIDS patients because of the increasing probability that they will encounter AIDS patients. Therefore it is important that education about HIV/AIDS should be incorporated within current undergraduate curriculum.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.203-221
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to suggest didactical principles for using mathematical teaching aids and to applicate didactical principles in a relation with curriculum. First, we meta-analyzed related literature to suggest didactical principles for using mathematical teaching aids. And we suggested didactical principles as follows: principle of activities, principle of instruments, principle of learning. Using mathematical teaching aids with didactical principles in mind would help avoiding situations in which mathematical teaching aids are only used as interesting tools. Second, we concretized the meaning to applicate didactical principles and use mathematical teaching aids in a relation with curriculum. We considered domain, key concept, function, achievement standard, which were presented in the curriculum of mathematics, and suggested concrete activities. Third, we produced two designs for lessons on incenter and circumcenter of triangle and linear function's graph using mathematical teaching aids.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.241-248
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• 2005

This study examined the effects of a photographic exhibition of HIV/AIDS on people's AIDS knowledge and attitudes. The subjects in this study were 620 people who came to see the AIDS photo exhibition that was held in Seoul, Ansan and Ulsan area. The data were collected before and after seeing the AIDS photo exhibition by using structured questionnaires from July 21, 2003 to July 31, 2004. The result indicated that there were differences in AIDS knowledge and attitudes after viewing the photo exhibition and the differences were statistically significant. The results suggested that the AIDS photo exhibition was effective for increasing knowledge about AIDS and changing the attitude toward people with AIDS. Therefore, it is recommended to utilize the AIDS photos exhibition for AIDS prevention education.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.544-558
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• 1999

With the increasing incidence of AIDS, it is probably inevitable that nurses working in hospital and community settings will come in contact with patients with AIDS. Nurses, more than any other health care profession, are on the front line of AIDS patient care. The purposes of this descriptive study were to gather information about registered nurses' knowledge and attitude regarding AIDS. and to provide a basis for the development of continuining education programs for the nurse. Data was gathered in 1988 using self-administered questionnaires given to a convinience sample of two hundred seventy registered nurses from two university hospitals, school nurses and postgraduate students of nursing. Data was analyzed with SAS. The results were as follows. Above 90% of the nurse knew well about definition of AIDS and routes of transmission but nurses relatively lacked knowledge about transmission of HIV in breast milk(69.3%). Less than half knew that drug abuser(44.1%) and sexual partner with IV drug abuser(39.6%) are at high risk for contracting AIDS. Above 70% of the nurse showed reluctance to provide care for surgery. delivery of child birth and hemodialysis of patients with AIDS. The results showed that, given a choice. 41.7% of the nurse would refuse to care for AIDS patients and 48.3% claimed that they should have a right refuse to care for AIDS patients. Reluctance of nursing patient with AIDS appeared to be principally associated with general fear of becoming infected with HIV. 41.8% exhibited a sympathetic attitude toward individual AIDS patient. The study findings suggest that it is necessary to examine the correlations between knowledge and attitude and to develop continuing education programs that alleviate the fear of contagion of the nurse.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.41-55
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• 2009

Objective: This study explores the level of knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS and the relationship between knowledge and attitude among social workers and nurses working in the public sector in Gwangju, S. Korea. Methods: The sample was composed of 121 nurse and 124 social workers. For the purpose of this research participants completed a questionnaire designed to assess their knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS. The data was collected between December 2008 and January 2009. All data was analyzed using SPSS WIN version 12.0 for technical statistics. t-Test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis was employed. Results: First, the result of this research showed that the level of participants knowledge on HIV/AIDS was 85.9%. The nurses score was significantly higher than social workers on knowledge. Second, the outcome also showed that nurses generally had a more positive attitude about HIV/AIDS patients than social workers but it was not significant. Third, participant's attitudes towards HIV/AIDS was significantly influenced by the level of knowledge and previous education about HIV/AIDS. Fourth, the results also showed that knowledge on HIV/AIDS is the most important influencing factor towards the participants attitude. Conclusion: This result has important implications for future education programs designed for health care professionals including nurses and social workers. Given the importances of the role of public officers as practitioners and policy makers on HIV/AIDS, the education program should not only focus on lectures but also include a sharing of practical experience and knowledge.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.201-220
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• 1998

Given the gloval impact of the AIDS pandemic. it is necessary to take every measure to prevent an epidemic this disease in Korea. Health care givers. especially nurses, have the primary responsibility of AIDS prevention and providing comfort care of those patient with HIV/AIDS. In spite of this responsibility, many nurses are afraid of AIDS patients and refuse to care the patient with HIV/AIDS because they have a little information of AIDS and a fear of HIV infection from AIDS patient at worksite. The purpose of this descriptive study was (1) to examine nursing students' knowledge and attitude to AIDS patient. (2) to identify demographic variables influencing knowledge and attitude to AIDS patient. and (3) to examine correlation between knowledge and attitude. The subject of this study was 162 nursing students. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows. 1) The mean overall knowledge score was estimated to be 61.33 of 101. especially the mean score of transmission route according to sexual behavior was estimated to be 3.03 of 7. 2) The mean attitude score was estimated to be 32.37 of 45. 3) The total knowledge score of AIDS was influenced by these two factors; the experience of AIDS education class and religion. In the end, the study concludes that it is necessary to develop comprehensive AIDS education programs to improve knowledge about the disease as well as to allay the fears and anxiety of the nurses.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.437-450
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• 2017

This study derived optimized teaching aids that use the physical computing method as the solution for effective software education at the elementary level. We set standard for selecting physical computing teaching aids in elementary-level by gathering the opinions from previous studies and think tanks and then applied the standard to some aids and choose one. We also made lesson plan and tried it to the experimental group. Subsequently, students' logical thinking skills showed a statistically significant improvement in terms of the t-test. Also, in the analysis of the effect size, it was shown to have a positive influence on the improvement of the students' logical thinking skills. Additionally, survey of satisfaction evaluation from the students showed that the teaching aid selection standard was effective in selecting suitable teaching aids for elementary students and that the classroom activities utilizing physical computing teaching aids were at a suitable level for elementary students.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.31-39
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• 2020

As the importance of software education is emphasized, various educations for improve the computational thinking of elementary school students are being provided. However, there are many limitations that apply to the school at preceding studies. because they were invented for specific environment or students. Therefore, in this study, software education was conducted by constructing teaching-learning activities in consideration of the characteristics of students such as teaching aids and level of computational thinking ability, which can influence students based on the contents of textbooks. Through the comparison about computational thinking improvements, this study tried to suggest the direction of effective software education method. As a result, there are differences in computational thinking improvements according to the student's level and used teaching aids. Specifically, visual programming and unplugged type teaching-learning activities were more effective in teaching aids, and according to the level of students, students with low level of computing thinking in pre-inspection showed relatively high improvement. This tendency suggests that it is necessary to consider various learning factors in designing teaching-learning activities in elementary software education.