• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2015

This study was performed for both evaluating the safety of other processed products and providing basic information for making the general standard for contaminants in the category of other processed products. We analyzed the contents of three heavy metals, thirty six anti-impotence drugs and their analogues, three anti-obesity drugs and their analogues, twenty eight steroid drugs and their analogues, collecting in Incheon Metropolitan City. Any illegal compound was not detected in those products. However the contents of lead, cadmium and mercury of those products were at the range of 0.001-13.390 mg/kg, 0.03-1.231 mg/kg and 0.001-0.650 mg/kg respectively. Because there are no standards of heavy metals against other processed products, we compared the analytical results with relevant standards of both S. Korea and foreign countries. As a result, two products exceeded the relevant standards of lead, and other two products exceeded the relevant standards of mercury. The relative hazards compared to PTWI of FAO/WHO (Codex), Seafoods-pajeonmix, Perilla seed powder exceeded PTWI standards 0.214. The compulsory standards of each food product are determined by the category of the products. Because there is no standard of heavy metals in the category of other processed products in S. Korea, any food products registered as other processed product by manufacturer are free with those standards. Abusing similar problems on the categorization of food products could cause consumers' health problem. To prevent these problems, detail regulations on the categorization of food products have to be introduced.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.107-117
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• 2016

In this study, six historical parks in Seoul is analyzed. Based on the analysis, the representative values of the historical parks in Seoul draw three criteria such as historicity, educational attributes, and sociality, and also the type of historic and cultural resources, spatial functions and arrangements, circulation and accessibility, and the type and usage of introduced facilities. Consequently the current status and improvement plan is suggested as follows. First, cultural assets oriented historical parks such as Sayuksin Bongeun and Seonnongdan historical Park focus on the management based on the preservation of historic and cultural resources. Non designated cultural heritages oriented historic parks such as Shingye Yanghwajin Itaewon-bugundang historic park should focus on the usages the symbolize and commemorate historic and cultural resources. Second, Careful attitudes on the historicity of the park are needed in the mixed type of historic and cultural resources that determine the identity such as Yanghwajin Itaewon-bugundang historic park. Third, the rate of facilities in Bongeun and Shingye historical park is increased due to the renovation of religion facilities, rather than the neighborhood parks. The autonomy of regulations that does not have the limits of the area of park facilities weaken the publicity of the historical parks. Fourth, Shingye historical park suggest changing its name into Danggogae martyrs' shrine historical park. because its historic and cultural resources are included as the historic park is named. Fifth, the current problems such as numerous uncontrolled entrances, mixed uses in circulation, and accessible failure due to the closure are recognized. Therefore, the entrances and circulations should be articulated clearly in order to increase opportunities of experience for visitors in the historic and cultural resources, and also neighborhood facility should be suitably divided. Sixth, the park facilities in the neighborhood parks are introduced equally in Seoul historical parks. The uses and arrangements that considered the circumstance of the historical parks should be determined in the cultural facilities such as outdoor music hall and sporting facilities. Seventh, historic facilities that named historic hall, culture hall, memorial hall, and promotion hall in the historic parks are utilized for convenience and religion facilities. Institutional framework should be examined to keep publicity in the historic parks by spatial privatization of the specific group.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 2001

1. establishment and development of China archives science: With the centuries-old history of archives and archives management, early China archives science came into being in 1930s, and the research pushed forward by archives enterprise has made great achievements since then. 1.1 Expanding research fields: Foundation

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2015

Before the advent of pasteurization and other microbiological controls in the dairy industry, milk product-borne diseases such as scarlet fever, typhoid fever, septic sore throat, and tuberculosis were globally widespread. Pasteurization was invented by Louis Pasteur, and it has been considered as one of the most effective ways to control milk product-borne diseases since the 20th century. Nevertheless, till date, various types of cheese in the EU, the USA, and other countries are made from unpasteurized milk as artisan cheese, following the specific food regulations of each nation. Furthermore, after the effectiveness of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) negotiations between Korea and many nations, the import of various types of cheese made in different conditions and influenced by acidity, preservatives, temperature, competing flora, water activity, and salt concentration increased yearly. Hence, the objective of this review was to describe (1) the 60-day aging rule of cheese, (2) characteristics of the outbreaks linked to cheese manufactured from unpasteurized milk since 1998 to 2011 in USA, and (3) serious health risks from unpasteurized milk, to ensure food protection and safety and to use this basic information for risk assessment.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

The present study identified the restrictions on the use of sous-vide products in the Korean HMR market for small and medium-sized manufacturing companies. A detailed literature review revealed that the HMR market in Korea is close to saturation. Notably, the technologically advanced products produced using sous-vide seem to display significant potential to overcome market saturation. The sous-vide method differs from conventional cooking techniques and is characterized by maintenance of food texture along with flavor enhancement. However, due to the unfamiliarity of the manufacturers with this method and the unclear food safety regulations, mass food manufacturing companies do not agree on using this method; hence, sous-vide production is usually undertaken by small/medium sized companies catering primarily through online marketing portals. This study highlights the various restrictions to the implementation of sous-vide production, and discusses several practical implications of sous-vide production that would help users of this technique enter the HMR market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.45-76
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to investigate and understand the present status of various types of "deserts", such as sand desert, gravel desert, rock desert, earth desert, salt desert, desert, rocky desert, gobi desert, sandy desert, clay desert, etc., and the general countermeasures for the combating "desertification" "desertization", and to develop the technologies on the revegetation and restoration for the combating desertification in China. The methods of this study were mainly composed of field surveys on the several experimental sites and research institutes related to combating desertification in China, and examinations on the various technologies for the combating desertification at the Daxing Experimental Station of Beijing Forestry University. The conclusion from this study may be summarized as follows; 1. Status and tendency of desertification in China : China is one of the countries seriously threatened by desertification. Desertification affected areas in China are mainly distributed in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas in China, covering the most regions of the Northeast China (eastern region of Inner-Mongolia), the northern part of the North China (middle and western region of Inner-Mongolia, Shaanxi, Ningsha, Gansu) and the western part of the Northwest China (Xinzang, Qinghai, Xizang). The total area affected by desertification in China is approximately 2.622 million $km^2$. It covers 27.3% of the total territory of China. Until recently, it is estimated that the annual spreading ratio of desertification in China is 2,460 $km^2$. Therefore, desertification is mostly serious problems facing to the Chinese people. 2. The causes and environmental effect of desertification : The desertification in China is mainly caused by compound factors, including natural condition and human activities. In China, the desertification is started by the decrease of precipitation, continuous dry and drought, strong wind, wind and water erosion, land degradation and loss of natural vegetation caused by climate variation, and accelerated by the human activities, such as over-cultivating, over-grazing, over-cutting of woods, irrational use of water resources. Because desertification has affected the geographical features, soil nutrients contents, salinity, vegetation coverage and the functions of ecosystem, the environmental deteriorations in the desertification affected areas are very seriously. 3. The fundamental strategies of combating desertification in China are the increase of education and awareness of people through various mass media, the revision of laws to guarantee operation of Desertification Combating Law and to improve many relating laws and regulations, the application of advanced technologies and training of experts, the establishment of discriminative policies, and increasing arrangement of budget-investment, and so on. China, as a signed country in UNCCD, has made efforts for the combating desertification. Korea is also signed country in UNCCD, so we should play an important role in the desertification combating projects of China for the northest asia and global environmental conservation as well as environmental conservation of Korea.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.48
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• pp.46-62
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• 2009

The current study attempted to review the standards of retransmisison consent and arbitration for the terrestrial broadcasting signal. The standards are based upon the principles encouraged by the MIAC(Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications). It has been criticized that the standards of judgement for the retransimission consent and arbitration are ambiguous and arbitrary in Japan. In 2009, MIAC announced five decisions regarding the retransmission of over-the-air. The result of the current study found that the regulations of compulsory over-the-air signal retransmission have been sustained until now. The retransmission policy of the Japan government based upon three principles; localism, proper cause and copyright act. The judgment is dependent on the intrepretation of MIAC's standard about these three principles.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.95-111
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structure and contents of the articles in the Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association to review the research trends during the last decade since 2009. In total, 354 articles from 10 volumes, 40 journal books, were analyzed. This amount to 42.3% of total articles in the JKHEEA for the past 30 years. The results showed that the number of articles in the journal continuously decreased by approximately 5 articles each year. More than half of articles were co-authored as a joint-research between professors and teachers or graduate students. The numbers of pages, tables, figures, and references vary greatly among of the articles published in the JKHEEA. The reviewers and authors would need to check if the pages, tables/figures, or references are indispensable, especially in case there are extremely large number of them. Even though survey research with students as participants is still the most common types of research among recent articles, its percentage is decreasing and diverse research methods such as the analysis of textbook or curriculum literature are being used. Also, research integrating the pedagogy and educational content, and in turn developing and evaluating educational programs is increasing, which indicates that the journal identity has become better-defined. It is advisable that authors select the key words that are more relevant to the title, purpose, and research questions. It is expected that the journal revises the publication regulations so that the issues discussed in this study may be reflected.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.85-99
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• 2020

This article analyzes the influence of sectoral system of innovation(i.e. technological regime, market demand, networks, and institution) on innovative performances(i.e. product-, process-, organizational-, marketing-, and environmental- innovation) in Korean environmental industry, conducting a multiple regression analysis based on survey data from 201 Korean environmental companies. As the results, product innovation is positively influenced by internal technology accumulation and market demand response, while not affected by external knowledge utilization, market competition, networks among market and non-market agents, government support and regulation. Process innovation is positively influenced by internal technology accumulation, networks among non-market agents and regulation, but not by external knowledge utilization, market demand response, market competition, networks among market agents, and government support. While organizational innovation is positively influenced by internal technology accumulation, external knowledge utilization and regulation, it is not affected by market demand response, market competition, networks among market and non-market agents, and government support. While marketing innovation is positively influenced by internal technology accumulation, networks among non-market agents, and government support, it is not affected by external knowledge utilization, market demand response, market competition, networks among market agents, and regulation. Environmental innovation is positively influenced by external knowledge utilization and regulation, but negatively influenced by market competition. It is not affected by internal technology accumulation, market demand response, networks among market and non-market agents, and government support. Such results suggests the following policy implications. First, it is necessary to expand the sphere of relating markets through the application of convergence technology, new regulations, and overseas markets. Second, reinforcing ecosystems among environmental market agents through demand-linked joint R&D should be revitalized. Third, it is needed to strengthen more supporting policies rather than regulation. This article has the limitation of using the survey data. And further researches on the environmental sectoral system of innovation structure itself will be tried.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.410-417
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• 2010

Various functional foods, marketing health and functional effects, have been distributed in the market. These products, being in forms of foods, tablets, and capsules, are likely to be mistaken as drugs. In addition, non-experts may sell these as foods, or use these for therapy. Efforts for creating health food regulations or building regulatory system for improving the current status of functional foods have been made, but these have not been communicated to consumers yet. As a result, problems of circulating functional foods for therapy or adding illegal medical to such products have persisted, which has become worse by internet media. The cause of this problem can be categorized into (1) product itself and (2) its use, but in either case, one possible cause is lack of communications with consumers. Potential problems that can be caused by functional foods include illegal substances, hazardous substances, allergic reactions, considerations when administered to patients, drug interactions, ingredients with purity or concentrations too low to be detected, products with metabolic activations, health risks from over- or under-dose of vitamin and minerals, and products with alkaloids. (Journal of Health Science, 56, Supplement (2010)). The reason why side effects related to functional foods have been increasing is that under-qualified functional food companies are exaggerating the functionality for marketing purposes. KFDA has been informing consumers, through its web pages, to address the above mentioned issues related to functional foods, but there still is room for improvement, to promote proper use of functional foods and avoid drug interactions. Specifically, to address these issues, institutionalizing to collect information on approved products and their side effects, settling reevaluation systems, and standardizing preclinical tests and clinical tests are becoming urgent. Also to provide crucial information, unified database systems, seamlessly aggregating heterogeneous data in different domains, with user interfaces enabling effective one-stop search, are crucial.