• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.583-586
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• 2011

'저가의 고속 무선데이터 서비스'를 지향하는 이동통신 기술진화의 경제성, 최근 모바일 데이터 트래픽의 급증에 따른 3세대 이동통신 망으로의 대응 한계 등에 따라 국내외에서 LTE 및 4세대 이동통신으로 진화가 본격화되고 있다. 차세대 이동통신 망으로의 조기 진화 시 발생하는 참여주체간 효용의 trade-off 문제, 이동통신 사업자의 망 진화 요인분석 등의 차세대 이동통신 망으로의 진화과정에서 발생하는 주요 이슈를 검토하고, 4세대 이동통신용 주파수 조기 확보, 차세대 망 투자에 대한 정책적 인센티브 제공 등 국내 차세대 이동통신 망 투자를 촉진할 수 있는 정책방향을 제시한다.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.147-149
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• 2024

We report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of endangered yellow-throated marten, Martes flavigula. The complete mitochondrial genome of M. flavigula is 16,555 bp in length. We identified 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNA, two ribosomal RNA, and one control region. The mitogenome is A+T rich, with a composition of 31.3% A, 28.7% C, 13.0% G, and 27.0% T. According to phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial complete genomes, Martes flavigula in the subgenus Charronia was clearly distinct from the subgenus Martes. This phylogeny of the genus Martes supports the conventional systematic treatment. The genetic and taxonomic analysis in this study provides necessary information for the future studies of yellow-throated marten and the Mustelidae family.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.1114-1125
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• 2021

Supplying a sufficient amount of high-quality colostrum is a prevailing challenge in Hanwoo calf production systems. This study aimed to describe the efficiency of a lacteal-derived colostrum replacer versus natural bovine colostrum (from Holstein) fed to Hanwoo calves. Forty newborn Hanwoo calves (25 males and 15 females; 30.7 ± 3.15 kg body weight [mean ± standard deviation]) were blocked by sex and birth weight and fed either natural colostrum or a commercial colostrum replacer. Calves displayed a narrow difference in the evolution of body weight and structural body dimensions when they received a commercial versus natural colostrum. Minor differences existed in the starter and total dry matter consumption between calves fed natural or commercial colostrum. Although the colostrum source had no significant effects on days to first diarrhea (average of 7.6 days; p = 0.17), the duration of diarrhea was longer in natural colostrum-fed calves (3.2 vs. 4.5 days; p = 0.04). Consumption of natural colostrum resulted in greater mean serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) on day 2 (14.7 vs. 10.8 ± 0.92 mg/mL) and day 7 (8.21 vs. 5.12 ± 0.82 mg/mL) of calf life, resulting in a greater proportion of commercial colostrum-fed calves (50% vs. 15%; day 2) to experience failure of passive transfer of immunity (serum IgG < cutoff point of 10 mg/mL). Overall, growth rate, body frame development, and incidence of diarrheal disease were not different in both groups. These results suggested that the colostrum replacer product tested in this study could be an alternative to natural colostrum derived from Holstein cow in securing calf growth and health in Hanwoo calf-rearing operations.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.49-70
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• 2001

The anchovy, Engraulis japonica, were prepared with two different saltconcentration of 20%, 10% which was added 2, 5, 8 and 10 % of grind garlic(LSA 1, 2, 3, 4) and garlic juice(LSB 1, 2, 3, 4), respectively. The changes of such factor during fermentation of anchovy as general composition, salt concentration, titrable acidity and sensory evolution were analyzed. In addition, chewiness, taste, garlic flavor and off-flavor wastested it's results were belived that the more garlic amounts added the more rotten smell has been disappeared. In the view of sensory perception. sample of 90 days fermentation is supposed as the best period of fermentation. The contents of moisture and crude fat decreased while, those of ash and crude protein were changes little during fermentation of low salted anchovy. Titrable acidity decreased in all experiment groups during anchovy fermentation, its contents at 30 days fermentation were ranged between 1.4~ 1.8g/100g, but it dramatically decreased to 0.6~l.1g/100g at 90 days fermentation.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.37-40
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• 2002

Ascidians are lower chordates, and their tadpole-like larvae share a basic body plan with vertebrates. To study photoreceptive systems in ascidians, we have isolated and characterized cDNA clones for three opsins, five G protein ${\alpha}$ subunits (G${\alpha}$), catalytic and regulatory subunits of cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE), and arrestin from the ascidian Ciona intestinalis tadpole larva. Ci-opsin1 and Ci-opsin2 are vertebrate-type opsins, while Ci-opsin3 is a retinal photoisomerase similar to retinochrome and mammalian RGR. Both Ci-opsin1 and arrestin are specifically localized in the photoreceptor cells of the ocellus, whereas Ci -opsin2 is not expressed in the photoreceptors, but is co-localized in another population of neurons in the brain with PDE (Ci-PDE9 and Ci-PDE$\delta$). Ci-opsin3 is present in the entire region of the brain. Though five different cDNAs encoding Ga have been cloned, no transducin-type G protein has been found yet. Interestingly, one of G${\alpha}$i isoform is conspicuously expressed in the entire region of the brain. The Ci-opsin3 gene expression was observed in a broad area of the brain vesicle as well as in the visceral ganglion. Genes encoding ascidian homologs of CRALBP and ${\beta}$-CD, whose function is required for the mammalian visual cycle, are co-expressed with Ci-opsin3 in the brain vesicle and visceral ganglion. Localization of Ci-opsin3, CRALBP, and ${\beta}$-CD in a broad area of the brain suggests that the brain of the ascidian larva has a visual cycle system similar to that of the vertebrate RPE. Based on these data, we discuss the evolution of vertebrate visual systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.181.2-181.2
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• 2015

Sputtering is one of the most popular physical deposition methods due to their versatility and reproducibility. Synthesis of Cr thin films by DC magnetron sputtering using glancing angle deposition (GLAD) has been reported. Chromium thin films have been prepared at two different working pressure($2.0{\times}10-2$, 30, $3.3{\times}10-3torr$) on Si-wafer substrate using magnetron sputtering with glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique. The thickness of Cr thin films on the substrate was adjusted about 1 mm. The electrical property was measured by four-point probe method. For the measurement of density in the films, an X-ray reflectivity (XRR) was carried out. The sheet resistance and column angle increased with the increase of glancing angle. However, nanohardness and density of Cr thin films decreased as the glancing angle increased. The measured density for the Cr thin films decreased from 6.1 to 3.8 g/cc as the glancing angle increased from $0^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$ degree. The low density of Cr thin films is resulted from the isolated columnar structure of samples. The evolution of the isolated columnar structure was enhanced at the conditions of low sputter pressure and high glancing angle. This GLAD technique can be potentially applied to the synthesis of thin films requiring porous and uniform coating such as thin film catalysts or gas sensors.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.212-219
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• 2018

Perovskite type ceramic membranes which exhibit dual ion conduction (proton and oxygen ion conduction) can permeate water and can aid solving operational problems such as temperature gradient and carbon deposition associated with a working solid oxide fuel cell. From this point of view, it is crucial to reveal water transport mechanism and especially the nature of the surface sites that is necessary for water incorporation and evolution. $BaCe_{0.8}Y_{0.2}O_{3-{\alpha}}$ (BCY20) was used as a model proton and oxygen ion conducting membrane in this work. Four different catalytically modified membrane configurations were used for the investigations and water flux was measured as a function of temperature. In addition, CO was introduced to the permeate side in order to test the stability of membrane against water and $CO/CO_2$ and post operation analysis of used membranes were carried out. The results revealed that water incorporation occurs on any exposed electrolyte surface. However, the magnitude of water permeation changes depending on which membrane surface is catalytically modified. The platinum increases the water flux on the feed side whilst it decreases the flux on the permeate side. Water flux measurements suggest that platinum can block water permeation on the permeate side by reducing the access to the lattice oxygen in the surface layer.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.900-904
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• 1999

The effects of Tio$_2$addition on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of alumina ceramics were studied. Bulk density decreased with an increase of the amount of TiO$_2$. Apparent porosity decreased with an increase of the amount of TiO$_2$ up to 7wt%. But beyond 9wt% of TiO$_2$powders, apparent porosity increased. In the compression test, the modulus increased with an increase of the amount of TiO$_2$addition. In the three point bending test, the stress at yield decreased with an increase of the amount of TiO$_2$ addition. The addition. The addition of TiO$_2$ promoted the grain growth of alumina ceramics.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.162-168
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• 2013

$Li_2MnO_3-LiMO_2$(M=Ni, Co, Mn) nano-composite is a promising cathode material for xEV application due to its high theoretic capacity. However high voltage operating system of $Li_2MnO_3-LiMO_2$(M=Ni, Co, Mn) has worked as a hurdle in its application because of the inherent demerits, such as cycle life degradation and gas evolution. In order to enhance cell performance of $Li_2MnO_3-LiMO_2$(M=Ni, Co, Mn)/graphite cell, we examined electrolyte mainly composed of FEC, fluroalkyl ether and $LiPF_6$ (F-based EL). F-based EL showed much better discharging retention ratio than 1.3 M $LiPF_6$ EC/EMC/DMC (3/4/3, v/v/v) (STD). Furthermore gas evolution, especially CO and $CO_2$ during $60^{\circ}C$ storage for 30 days was dramatically reduced owing to thermal stable SEI formation effect of F-based EL.

• ALGAE
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 2011

Studies of the red algal genus Bostrychia over the last 15 years have made it a model system for many evolutionary processes within red algal species. The combination of newly developed, or first employed methods, in red algal species studies has made Bostrychia a pioneer genus in intraspecific studies. Bostrychia was the first genus in which a mitochondrial marker was used for intraspecific red algal phylogeny, and the first for which a 3-genome phylogeny was undertaken. The genus was the first red alga used to genetically show maternal plastid and mitochondria inheritance, and also to show correlation between cryptic species (genetically divergent intraspecific lineages) and reproductive incompatibility. The chemotaxonomic use, and physiological function of osmolytes, has also been extensively studied in Bostrychia. Our continuous studies of Bostrychia also highlight important aspects in algal species studies. Our worldwide sampling, and resampling in certain areas, show that intensive sampling is needed to accurately assess the genetic diversity and therefore phylogeographic history of algal species, with increased sampling altering evolutionary hypotheses. Our studies have also shown that long-term morphological character stability (stasis) and character convergence can only be correctly assessed with wide geographic sampling of morphological species. While reproductive incompatibility of divergent lineages supports the biological species nature of these lineages, reproductive incompatibility is also seen between isolates with little genetic divergence. It seems that reproductive incompatibility may evolve quickly in red algae and the unique early stages of fertilization (e.g., gametes covered by walls, active movement of spermatium nuclei to the distant egg nucleus), also well investigated in Bostrychia,. may be key to our understanding of this process.